EN ISO 14692-4:2002

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2004
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Petroleum and natural gas industries - Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping - Part 4:
Fabrication, installation and operation (ISO 14692-4:2002)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Glasfaserverstärkte Kunstoffrohrleitungen (GFK) - Teil 4:
Fertigung, Installation und Betrieb (ISO 14692-4:2002)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Canalisations en plastique renforcé de verre
(PRV) - Partie 4: Construction, installation et mise en oeuvre (ISO 14692-4:2002)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14692-4:2002
ICS:
75.200 2SUHPD]DVNODGLãþHQMH Petroleum products and
QDIWHQDIWQLKSURL]YRGRYLQ natural gas handling
]HPHOMVNHJDSOLQD equipment
83.140.30 Cevi, fitingi in ventili iz Plastics pipes, fittings and
polimernih materialov valves
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 14692-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2002
ICS 75.200; 83.140.30
English version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Glass-reinforced plastics
(GRP) piping - Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation
(ISO 14692-4:2002)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Canalisations en
plastique renforcé de verre (PRV) - Partie 4: Construction,
installation et mise en oeuvre (ISO 14692-4:2002)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 December 2002.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14692-4:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 14692-4:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67
"Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 "Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum and natural gas industries", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2003, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2003.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
NOTE FROM CMC  The foreword is susceptible to be amended on reception of the German
language version. The confirmed or amended foreword, and when appropriate, the normative
annex ZA for the references to international publications with their relevant European
publications will be circulated with the German version.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14692-4:2002 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14692-4:2002 without any
modifications.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14692-4
First edition
2002-12-15
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping —
Part 4:
Fabrication, installation and operation
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Canalisations en plastique
renforcé de verre (PRV) —
Partie 4: Construction, installation et mise en œuvre

Reference number
ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
©
ISO 2002
ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
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ii © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved

ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
Contents Page
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 2
5 Fabrication and installation . 2
5.1 Delivery, inspection and documentation of GRP piping. 2
5.2 Handling and storage . 2
5.3 System design documentation. 2
5.4 Installer requirements. 3
5.5 Installation methods . 3
5.6 System testing. 12
5.7 Inspection . 13
5.8 Certification and documentation. 15
5.9 Repair after installation . 15
6 Operations . 15
6.1 Operator's documentation . 15
6.2 Maintenance and repair. 17
6.3 Repair methods . 19
6.4 Modifications and tie-ins. 21
6.5 Requirements for testing and re-certification. 21
6.6 Decommissioning . 21
Annex A (normative) Defect types — Acceptance criteria and corrective actions . 22
Annex B (normative) Handling and storage . 29
Annex C (informative) Guidance for use of jointing methods . 32
Annex D (normative) Qualification of pipe fitter, supervisor and inspector . 41
Annex E (informative) Guidance on NDE methods . 47
Annex F (normative) Health and safety. 51
Bibliography . 52

ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14692-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing equipment and
systems.
ISO 14692 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping:
 Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials
 Part 2: Qualification and manufacture
 Part 3: System design
 Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation
iv © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved

ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
Introduction
The objective of this part of ISO 14692-4 is to ensure that installed piping systems will meet the specified
performance requirements throughout their operational life. Main users of the document are envisaged to be
the principal, fabrication/installation contractors, repair and maintenance contractors, certifying authorities and
government agencies.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14692-4:2002(E)

Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced
plastics (GRP) piping —
Part 4:
Fabrication, installation and operation
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14692 gives requirements and recommendations for the fabrication, installation and operation
of GRP piping systems for use in oil and natural gas industry processing and utility service applications. The
recommendations apply to delivery, inspection, handling, storage, installation, system pressure testing,
maintenance, repair and decommissioning.
It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 14692-1, which includes an explanation of the pressure
terminology used in this part of ISO 14692.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of personnel
ISO 14692-1:2002, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 1:
Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials
ISO 14692-2:2002, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 2:
Qualification and manufacture
ISO 14692-3:2002, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping — Part 3:
System design
API Spec 5B, 1996, Gauging and inspection of casing, tubing, and line pipe threads
ASTM D257, Standard test methods for DC resistance or conductance of insulating materials
ASTM D1599, Standard test method for resistance to short-time hydraulic failure pressure of plastic pipe,
tubing, and fittings
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 14692, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14692-1 and the
following apply.
ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
3.1
fabrication
construction of the piping system (and pipeline) on site from either individual components and/or spool pieces
NOTE Individual components may be pipes, tees, bends, etc.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
The symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO 14692-1 apply.
5 Fabrication and installation
5.1 Delivery, inspection and documentation of GRP piping
This part of ISO 14692 assumes that the fittings and pipes have been correctly manufactured and inspected
according to the criteria given in ISO 14692-2.
The dimensions of the components and spools shall be available for the installer and operator. The quantity,
qualified pressure, nominal dimensions, and relevant special requirements of all piping components and
prefabricated spools shall be verified for compliance with the purchase order. Shipments of piping
components not complying with the purchase order shall be reported to responsible personnel and to the pipe
producer for corrective actions.
All piping components shall be visually inspected in accordance with Table A.1 for damage that may have
occurred during storage and shipment. Rejected components shall be replaced. If doubts concerning the
extent of defects occur during inspection, a specialist approved by the principal shall perform a second
inspection of the delivered items.
Adhesive bonding kits shall be inspected to ensure that the kits contain all necessary materials, are not
leaking or visibly damaged, and that at least six months remains until the expiration of shelf-life. All fire
protection material shall be inspected to ensure that the original packaging is not damaged.
5.2 Handling and storage
The handling of the GRP components shall follow the guidelines given in Annex B and the requirements of the
pipe manufacturer.
5.3 System design documentation
The principal shall provide the installer with the following information, which shall include but not be limited to
a) operating and design parameters:
1) design pressure;
2) design temperature;
3) T of the resin used in component manufacture;
g
4) T of the adhesive used in component manufacture (if appropriate);
g
5) qualified pressure of each component and minimum qualified pressure in each piping system;
6) mean and maximum velocity conditions in each piping system;
2 © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved

ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
7) chemical resistance limitations, if applicable;
8) procedures to eliminate or control water hammer and cavitation, if applicable;
9) fire classification and location of fire-rated pipe, if applicable;
10) conductivity classification, location of conductive pipe, earth linkage/grounding requirements and
location of earthing points;
11) criticality;
b) system drawings and support requirements for heavy equipment;
c) preferred locations for connection of final joint in pipe loops, if appropriate;
d) system criticality and minimum requirements for inspection during installation.
5.4 Installer requirements
5.4.1 Personnel qualification
All pipe, fittings and related items shall be installed by qualified GRP pipe fitters and thereafter approved by a
qualified GRP piping inspector. GRP pipe fitters and GRP piping inspectors shall be qualified according to the
minimum requirements detailed in Annex D.
5.4.2 Health and safety
In general, all safety precautions set forth by the manufacturer of pipes and fittings, chemicals, etc., shall be
adopted. Materials safety data sheets should always be read before commencing work. The installer shall
follow the health and safety guidance given in Annex F.
5.5 Installation methods
5.5.1 General
Installation methods shall be agreed between the principal and the manufacturer. Copies of installation
methods, procedures and quality plans shall be available on-site before work commences.
5.5.2 Cutting
GRP pipe of nominal diameter up to 100 mm may be cut with a hacksaw, using guides to ensure a square cut.
For nominal diameters above 100 mm, an abrasive cutting disc shall be used. The squareness of the cut shall
be checked. Pipe of nominal diameter up to 100 mm shall be square to within 1,5 mm. Cuts on larger pipes
shall be square to within 3,0 mm. The installer should ensure that the cut end is coated with resin.
For adhesive-bonded connections, the pipe end shall be machined with a pipe shaver. Each manufacturer has
specialized equipment for shaving spigots. The pipe end shall be shaved to the manufacturer’s
recommendations regarding angle, diameter, length and eccentricity.
5.5.3 Supports
GRP piping systems may be supported using the same principles as those for metallic piping systems.
However, due to the proprietary nature of piping systems, standard-size supports will not necessarily match
the pipe outside diameters. The use of saddles and elastomeric pads may allow the use of standard-size
supports.
ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
The following guidelines to GRP piping support should be followed.
a) Supports in all cases should have sufficient width to support the piping without causing damage and
should be lined with an elastomer or other suitable soft material.
b) Clamping forces, if applied, should be such that crushing of the pipe does not occur. Local crushing can
result from a poor fit and all-round crushing can result from over-tightening.
c) In all cases, support design should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines.
d) Supports should preferably be located on plain pipe sections rather than at fittings or joints.
e) Supports shall be spaced to avoid sag (excessive displacement over time) and/or excessive vibration for
the design life of the piping system.
f) Valves or other heavy attached equipment shall be independently supported.
g) GRP pipe shall not be used to support other piping, unless agreed with the principal.
h) Consideration shall be given to the support conditions of fire-protected GRP piping. Supports placed on
the outside of fire protection can result in loads irregularly transmitted through the coating, which can
result in shear/crushing damage and consequent loss of support integrity.
i) GRP piping should be adequately supported to ensure that the attachment of hoses at locations such as
utility or loading stations does not result in the pipe being pulled in a manner that could overstress the
material.
The anchor support shall be capable of transferring the required axial loads to the supporting structure without
causing overstress of the GRP pipe material.
Anchor clamps are recommended to be placed between two double 180° saddles, adhesive-bonded to the
outer surface of the pipe. The manufacturer’s standard saddles are recommended and shall be bonded using
standard procedures.
5.5.4 Installation
5.5.4.1 General requirements
The requirements for the handling of piping components are identical to those given in 5.2. Before installation,
all piping components shall be inspected for damage as described in 5.1.
All piping components shall as far as possible be installed so that they are stress-free; therefore:
a) bending of pipes to achieve changes in direction, or forcing misaligned flanges together by over-torquing
bolts is not permitted;
b) the manufacturer’s recommendations for bolt-torquing sequence, torque increments and maximum bolt
torque shall be followed.
Prefabricated pipework shall be fabricated in accordance with fully dimensioned piping isometrics. Overall
spool dimensions shall be sized taking the following into consideration:
a) site transport and handling equipment limitations;
b) installation and erection limitations;
c) limitations caused by the necessity to allow a fitting tolerance for installation (“cut-to-fit” requirements).
4 © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved

ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
If shown on isometric drawings, the fabrication shall include “cut-to-fit” lengths and field joints on fabricated
pieces to allow for the setting up of pipework accurately on-site between fixed points. The “cut-to-fit”
dimension shall be 150 mm of pipe additional to the length shown on the piping drawings. For hook-up spools,
the “cut-to-fit” dimension shall be a minimum of 250 mm in each global direction. “Cut-to-fit” lengths shall be
left square and plain.
The installer shall give due consideration to the following:
a) the need to avoid overstressing of GRP components by the forced pulling of GRP pipework to facilitate
alignment at joints, and particularly at flanged joints;
b) the need to ensure that valves or other heavy attached equipment are independently supported;
c) the need to prevent damage to joints when handling small-diameter thick-walled pipe, e.g. due to fire
protection;
NOTE This is because the high rigidity of the pipe concentrates loading at the thinner sections of pipe wall adjacent to
the joint.
d) the preferred location of the last site joint in a piping loop to ensure that necessary access is available,
since this joint is often the most difficult to complete;
e) delays caused by the time required for adhesive and laminated joints to cure without being disturbed. The
scheduling of surrounding construction activities shall take into account the risk of possible disturbances
to such joints;
f) the need to provide temporary protection for installed GRP piping if risk of mechanical damage is high.
The installer shall also consider correct sequencing of fabrication activities to minimize risk of damage;
g) the need to prevent overheating of the GRP pipe material by electric surface heating, if applied. Heat
tracing should be spirally wound onto GRP pipe in order to distribute the heat evenly around the pipe wall.
Heat distribution can be improved if aluminium foil is first wrapped around the pipe. Care shall be taken
that the tracing is not wound too tightly onto the pipework or it may be damaged when the pipe expands;
h) provision of suitable joints to facilitate isolation or access to the pipe for maintenance purposes.
High levels of supervision and inspection shall be adopted for piping which will be difficult to repair on site
(e.g. ballast lines due to be cast in concrete, and piping in ballast water tanks).
5.5.4.2 Components fabricated on-site
All processes used to fabricate spoolpieces and components on-site, e.g. mitred elbows and laterals, shall
have been qualified according to procedures given in 6.2.3.3 of ISO 14692-2:2002.
5.5.4.3 Tolerances
Global tolerances shall be within ± 6 mm in all directions, unless otherwise shown on the approved drawings.
Dimensional tolerances for finished piping are given in Table 1. The dimension numbers are shown in
Figure 1.
The acceptable tolerances for misalignment of flanges during installation are given in Table 2. It is common
practice for some flanges to be manufactured with bolt holes larger than the size of bolt being used with the
flange. Typically, the hole will be 3 mm larger. This should be taken into account when assessing the flange
misalignment tolerance in Tables 1 and 2.
ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
Table 1 — Maximum dimensional tolerances
Tolerances (relative)
Internal pipe
Dimension number (see Figure 1)
diameter
1 2 3 4 5 6
mm mm mm degrees mm mm degrees
25 to 200
± 5 ± 3 ± 0,5 ± 3 ± 1 ± 0,5
250 to 300 ± 5 ± 3 ± 0,3 ± 3 ± 1 ± 0,5
350 to 400
± 5 ± 3 ± 0,3 ± 3 ± 2 ± 0,5
450 to 600
± 10 ± 5 ± 0,3 ± 3 ± 2 ± 0,5
700 to 900
± 10 ± 5 ± 0,2 ± 4 ± 3 ± 0,5
1 000 to 1 200
± 10 ± 5 ± 0,15 ± 6 ± 3 ± 0,5
The maximum gap shall be limited to 6 mm.

Table 2 — Acceptable tolerances for misalignment of flanges during installation
Dimensions in millimetres
Tolerances
Misalignment
Diameter range
50 to 300 300 to 1 200
Flange misalignment ± 1,6 ± 3,2
Separation between spools
± 1 ± 1
5.5.4.4 Electrical conductivity and electrostatic dissipative properties
If electrical conductivity requirements are specified, the installer shall verify the electrical conductivity and/or
earth linkage of the piping as it is installed according to the requirements documented by the system designer
(see 5.3).
The installer shall measure one or more of the following properties as required:
a) continuity along the component between earth-bonding points;
b) maximum resistance to earth from a point on the inside of the pipe;
c) maximum resistance to earth from a point on the outside of the pipe or the fire-protective coating or
thermal insulation cladding;
d) maximum resistance to earth of metal components located on the pipe;
e) recommended maximum distance between earthing points, based on the conductivity properties of the
pipe system;
f) maximum surface resistivity on the outside of the pipe or the fire-protective coating or thermal insulation
cladding;
g) charge-shielding properties of the pipe;
h) charge-decay properties of the outside surface of the pipe or the fire-protective coating or thermal
insulation cladding.
6 © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved

ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
Key
1 face-to-face dimensions, or centre-to-face dimensions, or location of attachments, or centre-to-centre dimensions
2 lateral translation of branches or connections
3 rotation of flanges, from the indicated position
4 end preparations
5 cut of alignment of flanges from the indicated position, measured across the full gasket face
6 angular deflection
Figure 1 — Toleranced dimensions
The installer shall take into account the manufacturer's recommended methods for applying earth-grounding
straps and ensuring reliability of the conductivity path and/or earth bonding during installation and service.
If required, and after ensuring the inside and outside of the pipe are dry, the resistance at a point on the
surface or earth-bonding point shall be measured using a suitable megohmmeter with a minimum scale
division of less than 1 × 10 Ω. The voltage should preferably not be more than 1 500 V.
ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
A voltage may be used which is higher than that used for qualification (100 V), to enable advantage to be
taken of possible voltage breakdown of the resin coating for the in-service component, which may reduce the
resistance to earth.
Electrical contact with the pipe shall be with a suitable electrode and shall be connected with the
megohmmeter. The electrode shall provide the necessary conductivity to the surface of the pipe without
abrading the material to achieve better electrical contact, unless required as part of the installation procedure,
for example to apply an earth-grounding strap to the pipe.
Examples of means of electrical contact include conductive paints, conductive adhesive tape and brine-
soaked sponges held in place with clamps. The resistance to earth shall be less than the value specified in the
system design documentation (see 5.3). On completion of the tests, all conductive materials used for testing
that have been applied to pipes that do not already have or cannot achieve a C2b classification shall be
completely removed, e.g. conductive adhesive tape. Conductive materials applied to pipes with a C2b
classification should preferably also be removed.
NOTE 1 Removal is to prevent such materials acting as isolated electrical conductors on the surface of the pipe.
If conductivity is provided by an embedded network of conducting elements within the wall of the component,
the installer shall verify that there is electrical continuity along the component between earth-bonding points.
If conductivity is provided by use of an external conductive paint, the installer shall verify that the coating is
continuous between earth-bonding points. The conductivity (ohms per metre) and resistance to earth (ohms)
shall be less than the values specified in the system design documentation (see 5.3).
If required, and after ensuring the outside of the pipe is dry, the surface resistivity shall be measured in
accordance with ASTM D257 and shown to be less than 1 × 10 Ω.
If required, and after ensuring the outside of the pipe is dry, the charge-decay properties shall be measured in
accordance with 6.6.3.4 of ISO 14692-2:2002.
If required, and after ensuring the outside of the pipe is dry, the charge-shielding properties shall be measured
in accordance with 6.6.3.3 of ISO 14692-2:2002.
NOTE 2 The charge-shielding test can be impractical in some situations because of the high voltage required.
If required, the installer shall coat the piping with a suitable conductive paint to provide the necessary
electrical conductivity. The maximum size of uncoated area, in regions on the pipe that are intended to be
painted, shall not be more than 100 cm . The coating shall be effective over the design life and shall not be
impaired by normal service, handling or installation. The installer shall provide evidence of the durability of the
coating.
The conductive coating should preferably be applied after hydrotesting, to facilitate inspection of possible
leaks. Before the coating is applied to any piping components, the surfaces shall be free from moisture,
grease or any other contaminants. The coating shall be continuous between earthing points, with no isolated
patches.
If the GRP is coated with a conductive paint, there shall be a reliable electrical bond between the pipe and
metal objects attached to the pipe, for example deluge nozzles and support hangers. Reliance should not be
placed on the integrity of paint applied over a fitting, since a crack in the paint may result in the formation of an
isolated conductor. In these situations, an independent means of providing a good conductive path between
the pipe and support is necessary.
5.5.4.5 Earthing
If an electrostatic hazard is reported in the documentation provided by the system designer, the contents of
the pipes shall be directly connected to earth by at least one exposed earthing point on the inside of the
system.
8 © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved

ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
The location and/or maximum distance between earthing points shall be determined from the documentation
provided by the system designer.
5.5.5 Fittings fabricated on-site
It is permissible to fabricate fittings, e.g. tee pieces and elbows, on-site, provided that
a) lamination procedures are qualified according to 6.2.3.3 of ISO 14692-2:2002 using raw materials,
lamination techniques, curing schedules, etc., as applicable, during on-site fabrication,
b) the piping system is designed to operate at a pressure less than that given in Table 3. The use of higher
pressures shall be in agreement with the principal.
Table 3 — Low-pressure as a function of diameter
Diameter Design pressure
mm MPa (bar)
25 to 600 0,8 (8)
600 to 1 200 0,4 (4)
0,2 (2)
> 1 200
5.5.6 Jointing
5.5.6.1 Joint selection
Various types of bonded and mechanical joints are available. These are proprietary but can be categorized
into the following types:
a) adhesive-bonded joints;
b) laminated joints;
c) elastomeric seal joints (with/without locking strips);
d) flanged joints;
e) other mechanical joints;
f) metallic/GRP interfaces;
g) threaded joints.
All jointing shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The selection of joint
site shall take into account the following:
 the ease of access required by fitters to assemble the connection correctly;
 the need to accommodate possible minor misalignments.
If adhesive joints are used, the installer shall ensure that the adhesive bead which is created when the joint is
made up does not protrude significantly into the bore of the pipe. Such a protrusion can create a substantial
blockage factor as well as a source for erosion and cavitation damage. The height of adhesive bead shall be
such that the maximum flow obstruction is 5 % of the inner diameter or 10 mm, whichever is smaller.
Guidance on the assembly of joints is given in Annex C.
ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
5.5.6.2 Quality control of adhesive and laminated jointings
If so required by the principal, the following requirements shall be included for installation.
a) The frequency of testing shall be agreed between the installer and the principal.
b) The adhesive or resin used shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation and its
degree of cure shall be determined according to the requirements given in 6.8.2 of ISO 14692-2:2002.
c) The adhesive or resin shall be applied at a temperature of at least 23 °C and a relative humidity of less
than 75 %.
For epoxy-based products, the glass transition temperature T of the cured adhesive or resin shall not be less
g
than 95 % of the minimum value quoted by the manufacturer for the adhesive or resin system.
For polyester- and vinyl ester-based products, the residual styrene monomer content for joints shall be
determined by measuring on a dummy joint made up prior to starting the jointing work. The styrene content
shall be less than or equal to 2 % (mass fraction) of the resin content.
The Barcol hardness shall be measured on all laminated joints. It is recommended that a minimum of ten
readings be taken on each sample. The two highest and two lowest readings may be discarded, with the
remaining six to be used to calculate an average reading which shall not be less than 90% of the minimum
value measured on the baseline component.
If an alternative method has been used to determine the baseline for degree of cure, then the acceptance
criteria for quality control shall be agreed with the principal.
5.5.7 Application of fire-protective coating
On-site application of fire-protective coating should be limited to that necessary for installation purposes (e.g.
joints). The coating should preferably be applied after hydrotesting, to facilitate inspection of possible leaks.
The application of fire-protective materials to meet requirements concerning either flame spread, smoke or
toxicity shall be integral to the pipe construction. On-site application of such material shall be limited to that
required for installation purposes, e.g. field joints.
If a fire-protective coating is used for the sole purpose of meeting the fire endurance requirements, the pipes
may be coated on-site in accordance with the approved procedure for each combination, using the materials
approved for both pipes and insulation, subject to on-site inspection and verification.
All fire protection applied to piping components, whether the work is performed at a location offshore or in a
prefabrication shop onshore, shall be subjected to the following requirements.
a) The contractor, if used, for fire protection application shall have a quality management system and shall in
addition have written application procedures, covering environmental control, application and inspection
aspects, which are approved by the principal.
b) The following methods are acceptable for applying or covering piping components with fire protection:
1) conventional hand application,
2) automated process;
3) use of moulded half-shells or sections of different shapes and lengths.
10 © ISO 2002 — All rights reserved

ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
c) Before initiating fire-protection work on piping components, the contractor’s personnel intending to apply
the fire insulation material shall:
1) have received training both in the application method and actual application of the fire-protection
materials under the instruction of the fire-protection manufacturer,
2) have applied fire protection to a sample pipe and fitting that is approved by the fire-insulation
manufacturer and by the principal.
The contractor shall use application equipment recommended by the fire-protection manufacturer. Before fire-
protection material is applied to any piping components, the surfaces shall be free from moisture, grease or
any other contaminants.
After the fire-protection material is applied to piping components, an inspection of the fire protection shall be
carried out to approve or reject the work. Inspection shall include the following aspects.
 The fire-protection thickness shall be randomly measured in a wet or cured state; the thickness shall not
be less than the minimum required thickness.
 Both the finish and the appearance of the fire protection shall be of the same quality as the sample
submitted for approval by the fire-insulation manufacturer and the principal.
 If the fire-protection thickness, appearance or finish are of inadequate quality, the principal may require
the section to be repaired or replaced.
In fire-protection applications where the protection is to be removable for inspection purposes, e.g. valves and
flanges, one of the following situations shall apply:
 the fire protection shall be inside or outside a box or other container so as to provide structural integrity;
or
 a complete structural reinforcing mesh integrated in the fire-protection material shall be used.
5.5.8 Quality programme for installation
The contractor shall maintain a high level of inspection to ensure compliance with all requirements of this part
of ISO 14692, and shall have a quality management system.
The contractor shall designate one individual, experienced in all aspects of GRP piping field fabrication, to be
responsible for quality control throughout the installation of the GRP piping system.
Quality control shall be based on the implementation of
 records of adhesive and lamination jointing procedure qualification,
 requirements by the principal for inspection of all types of joints used,
 inspection register for all types of joints used,
 inspection of finished fabricated pipework for compliance with design drawings, within tolerances as
detailed in 5.5.4.3.
For quality assurance and quality control during the installation phase, the principal shall have the right to
inspect the ongoing work as well as inspect the contractor’s quality control routines.
Each connection shall be permanently marked for identification purposes. A log book containing key values
relevant for the bonding process shall be maintained. The key values are the following:
a) date;
ISO 14692-4:2002(E)
b) temperature and relative humidity;
c) connection identification number;
d) electrical continuity and resistance to earth if appropriate;
e) curing temperature and time;
f) signature of pipe fitter and inspector;
g) bolt torque.
Each site and field joint between pipes, fittings, or flanges, shall be inspected by an approved inspector as
defined in 5.4.1. A log book sheet shall be filled in for each joint. Inspection sheets shall be retained as long as
the piping is in service.
It is recommended that the principal carry out hydrotesting of representative site-fabricated joints and fittings
soon after the start of installation to verify the standard of workmanship. This is particularly important for pipe
diameters above about 200 mm.
5.6 System testing
5.6.1 Flushing
On completion of installation, GRP piping systems shall be flushed. The medium used for flushing shall be
seawater or fresh water. All lines requiring a pressure test shall be flushed prior to testing. Systems that are
open to atmosphere and do not require pressure testing shall be flushed to ensure that the lines are not
restricted.
Flushing should preferably be carried out at temperatures above 7 °C. When flushing with fresh water in sub-
zero temperatures, precautions shall be taken to avoid freezing of the water in the piping system, i.e. the
water should be continually circulating, or glycol antifreeze added, or the system should be drained for the
duration of sub-zero temperatures.
5.6.2 Pressure testing
5.6.2.1 General
All closed GRP piping systems shall be hydrostatically pressure-tested after installation. Preferably, the
system should be installed such that smaller parts of a system can be pressure-tested separately and at the
earliest opportunity during construction.
NOTE Early testing avoids having a pressure test of the entire system late in a project phase, when joint failures
could have a schedule impact on project completion.
Systems that are open to atmosphere (e.g. drains) shall be subjected to a hydrostatic leak test, and may
require a full hydr
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