EN 16834:2019

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2019
Železniške naprave - Zavore - Značilnosti zavore
Railway applications - Braking - Brake performance
Bahnanwendung - Bremse - Bremsleistung
Applications ferroviaires - Freins - Performance de freinage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16834:2019
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 16834
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 45.040
English Version
Railway applications - Braking - Brake performance
Applications ferroviaires - Freins - Performance de Bahnanwendungen - Bremse - Bremsvermögen
freinage
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 November 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16834:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
5 Principles of determining the brake performance . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Brake assessment with braked weights . 10
5.3 Brake assessment with deceleration’s method . 11
6 Execution of tests . 11
6.1 Test methods . 11
6.1.1 General . 11
6.1.2 Freight wagons and coaches. 11
6.1.3 Locomotives . 12
6.1.4 EMU/DMU and high speed trainsets. 12
6.1.5 Testing of vehicles/trains with additional brake equipment . 12
6.2 Load conditions for tests . 12
6.2.1 Freight wagons . 12
6.2.2 Locomotives . 13
6.2.3 Passenger vehicles . 13
6.3 Speeds to be used for testing. 14
6.4 Method of execution of the test . 15
6.4.1 General . 15
6.4.2 Atmospheric conditions . 16
6.4.3 Condition of brake equipment . 16
6.4.4 Number and validity of individual tests . 16
6.5 Test in degraded mode and degraded conditions . 17
6.6 Determination of brake performance for the ETCS system . 17
6.7 Evaluating the test results for stopping distance . 18
6.7.1 Correcting the stopping distances for each test . 18
6.7.2 Determining the mean stopping distance . 19
6.7.3 Correction of the mean stopping distance . 22
6.8 Parking and holding brake testing . 25
7 Assessment for deceleration method . 25
7.1 General . 25
7.2 Physical principles . 25
7.3 Determining the parameters required for brake performance . 26
7.3.1 General . 26
7.3.2 Method for determining decelerations . 27
7.4 Assessment of performance under degraded conditions . 30
7.4.1 Coefficient of friction reduced due to moisture . 30
7.4.2 Effect of reduced adhesion . 30
7.4.3 Determining degraded deceleration . 31
8 Assessment of the braked weight . 31
8.1 General . 31
8.1.1 Determining braked weight percentage . 31
8.1.2 Determining braked weight . 32
8.2 Coaches and EMU/DMU's . 33
8.3 Additional assessment for Coaches operating with a speed above 160 km/h from
vehicles test . 33
8.4 Freight wagons in P . 34
8.5 Freight wagons in G . 34
8.6 Locomotives . 34
8.7 Magnetic track brake and eddy current brake . 35
8.7.1 General . 35
8.7.2 Assessment using train test . 35
8.7.3 Assessment using single vehicle test . 35
8.8 ep brake (ep-direct and ep-assist) . 35
8.9 Brake pipe accelerators valves . 35
9 Recommendations for the use of braked weight percentage in operation . 36
9.1 General . 36
9.2 Principles of use for trains operating in P mode . 36
9.3 Adjustment for trains comprising a locomotive and coaches . 37
9.3.1 Variation in braked weight taking into account the length of the train . 37
9.3.2 Braked weight of trains fitted with brake accelerators . 37
9.3.3 Rules of use for train operation: Braked weight of trains fitted with ep assist . 38
9.3.4 Variation in braked weight taking into account supplementary dynamic brake . 38
9.4 Adjustments for Freight trains braked in the P mode . 38
9.4.1 Variation in braked weight taking into account the length of the train . 38
9.4.2 Reduction in the braked weight of a G-braked vehicle in a P-braked train . 39
9.4.3 Variation in braked weight taking into account Brake accelerators and ep assist . 39
9.5 Principles of use for trains operating in G mode . 39
9.5.1 General . 39
9.5.2 Freight trains . 39
10 Operation with the ETCS system . 40
11 Assessment of maximum utilization of adhesion. 40
12 Assessment of gradient capability of parking/holding brake . 41
Annex A (normative) Brake assessment for trains . 42
A.1 Assessment sheet for trains using brake positions P, R, R+Mg . 42
A.2 Overview of the mathematical formulae for the assessment curves for trains using
brake positions P, R, R+Mg . 44
Annex B (normative) Brake assessment for single vehicles . 45
B.1 Assessment sheet for single vehicles . 45
B.2 Overview of the mathematical formulae for the assessment curves for single vehicles . 47
Annex C (normative) Checking of the friction pairing of disc-braked single vehicles . 48
C.1 Diagram for checking the friction pairing of disc-braked single vehicles . 48
C.2 Overview of the mathematical formulae for the assessment curves for checking the
friction pairing of disc-braked single vehicles . 50
Annex D (normative) Determining the brake performance of freight wagons fitted with cast
iron brake blocks (P10) or fully certified and exchangeable LL-blocks . 51
Annex E (normative) Determining the equivalent brake response time . 54
E.1 General . 54
E.2 Determining the equivalent brake response time based on train deceleration . 54
E.3 Determining the equivalent brake response time based on brake cylinder filling
times . 55
E.3.1 General . 55
E.3.2 Assessment . 55
Annex F (normative) Conversion model for ERTMS/ETCS . 57
F.1 Introduction . 57
F.2 Symbols for this Annex . 57
F.3 Scope of validity of model . 59
F.4 Brake model . 60
F.4.1 General principles . 60
F.4.2 Calculating the equivalent emergency brake development time . 62
F.4.3 Calculating the equivalent full brake development time . 63
F.4.4 Calculating the basic decelerations . 64
F.4.5 Calculating the decelerations during emergency braking . 66
F.5 Example of calculation of the stopping or slowing distance . 67
Annex G (normative) Assessment sheet for individual vehicles running at speeds of less
than 100 km/h using brake positions P and R . 68
G.1 Assessment sheet for individual vehicles fitted with cast iron blocks (P10) at speeds
below 100 km/h . 68
G.2 Overview of the mathematical formulae used in assessment curves for individual
vehicles fitted with cast iron blocks (P10) at speeds below 100 km/h . 70
G.3 Assessment sheet for individual vehicles fitted with EN-UIC brake system and disc
brakes or K blocks at speeds below 100 km/h. 71
G.4 Overview of the mathematical formulae used in assessment curves for individual
vehicles fitted with EN-UIC disc brakes or composite brake blocks at speeds below
100 km/h . 73
Annex H (normative) Procedure for verifying the maximum utilization of adhesion between
wheel and rail . 74
H.1 Symbols and abbreviations for this Annex . 74
H.2 General . 74
H.3 Prerequisites . 74
H.4 Determination of the maximum equivalent mean deceleration based on distance
relevant for adhesion ā . 75
max,τ
H.5 Calculation of the mean friction coefficient for the friction brake µm of the test . 75
H.6 Calculation of the maximum utilization of adhesion between wheel and rail τ . 75
max
Annex I (informative) Example for verifying the maximum utilization of adhesion between
wheel and rail for non-homogenous friction brake equipment . 77
I.1 Non-homogenous friction brake equipment . 77
I.2 Variation of brake cylinder pressure during brake application . 77
Annex J (informative) Example for correction and validation of test results exceeding
mandatory test conditions — Treatment of curve radii lower than 1 000 m . 80
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC aimed to be covered . 82
Bibliography . 84

European foreword
This document (EN 16834:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2019, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document defines a harmonized way to assess the braking performance by test of locomotives,
passenger coaches, freight wagons and self-propelled passenger trains (EMU/DMU).
The document sets out the standardized method for undertaking brake performance tests and the
correction factors to be applied to the data obtained for all types of rolling stock.
This document also defines the methods to assess the brake performance in terms of stopping distance,
and from this the process to determine vehicle(s) deceleration and braked weight.
It then deals with conversion of the braked weight to the braked weight percentage of a vehicle or train
for operating purposes. It also sets out additional factors when determining the braked weight
percentage of a train calculated from specified braked weight, depending on the formation of the train.
In Annex D there is a method for determining brake performance of freight wagons fitted with P10 cast
iron or LL-blocks using limited testing (force measurement).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 14198, Railway applications — Braking — Requirements for the brake system of trains hauled by
locomotives
EN 14478, Railway applications — Braking — Generic vocabulary
EN 14531-1, Railway applications — Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and
immobilization braking — Part 1: General algorithms utilizing mean value calculation for train sets or
single vehicles
EN 14531-2:2015, Railway applications — Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and
immobilization braking — Part 2: Step by step calculations for train sets or single vehicles
EN 15355, Railway applications — Braking — Distributor valves and distributor-isolating devices
EN 15595, Railway applications — Braking — Wheel slide protection
EN 15663, Railway applications — Vehicle reference masses
EN 15877-1, Railway applications — Marking on railway vehicles — Part 1: Freight wagons
EN 15877-2, Railway applications — Markings of railway vehicles — Part 2: External markings on coaches,
motive power units, locomotives and on track machines
EN 16207, Railway applications — Braking — Functional and performance criteria of Magnetic Track
Brake systems for use in railway rolling stock
EN 16452, Railway applications — Braking — Brake blocks
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14478, EN 14198 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
brake assessment speed
brake initiation speed which is decisive for determination of brake performance
Note 1 to entry: In general the initiation speed leading to the lowest braked weight.
3.2
braked weight
representative quantity for the mean braking capacity of the vehicle or train, expressed in tons, which is
always expressed as a whole number
Note 1 to entry: It is displayed on the vehicle (in accordance with EN 15877-1 and EN 15877-2). Braked weight
corresponds to the retardation effort and is currently expressed and designated as “B”.
3.3
braked weight percentage
quotient of braked weight and vehicle mass × 100
Note 1 to entry: Also known as λ (lambda).
3.4
maximum braking load
load condition lower or equal to “design mass under exceptional payload” as defined in EN 15663 in
accordance with the related vehicle standard (e.g. EN 16185-1, EN 14198)
3.5
minimum load
load condition “design mass in working order” (as defined in EN 15663)
3.6
normal load
load condition “design mass under normal payload” (as defined in EN 15663)
3.7
fully certified and exchangeable LL-block
LL-block, which fulfils all UIC requirements including exchangeability with P10 (as listed in
ERA document ERA/TD/2009-02/INT)
3.8
K-block
brake block with “K”-friction materials as defined in EN 16452
3.9
EN-UIC brake
brake system as defined in EN 14198
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations
Symbol Description Unit
a deceleration m/s
B braked weight t
C constant for calculating the λ values —
D constant for calculating the λ values —
d diameter mm
F force kN
g acceleration due to gravity 9,81 m/s
i gradient ‰
k assessment factor for determining the braked weight —
m mass of the test train or test vehicle t
r radius mm
s total stopping distance (up to v = 0) m
t time s
v speed km/h
λ braked weight percentage %
ρ coefficient of inertia of rotating masses —
standard deviation of test result m
σ
n
τ adhesion —
μ coefficient of friction —
η efficiency of brake rigging —
ATP Automatic Train Protection
Bg brake block type Bg (single block)
Bgu brake block type Bgu (double brake block)
DMU Diesel Multiple Unit
ep-brake electropneumatic brake
EMU Electric Multiple Unit
ETCS European Train Control System
Symbol Description Unit
G brake mode of the slow-acting brake (freight train)
K brake block material in accordance with EN 16452
L brake block material in accordance with EN 16452
LL brake block material in accordance with EN 16452
Mg magnetic track brake
P brake position of quick-acting brake (passenger train)
P+E brake position P + electrodynamic brake
P+H brake position P + hydrodynamic brake
P+Mg brake position P + magnetic track brake
P10 material designation of the cast-iron block with a 1 % phosphorus
content
brake position in accordance with EN 14198
R brake position in accordance with EN 14198
R+E brake position R + electrodynamic brake
R+H brake position R + hydrodynamic brake
R+Mg brake position R + magnetic track brake
S train related brake performance category in accordance with
EN 14198
SS train related brake performance category in accordance with
EN 14198
Sbb brake accelerator
Wb eddy current brake
5 Principles of determining the brake performance
5.1 General
The object of defining the brake performance of railway brakes is to characterize the braking capabilities
of railway vehicles.
To determine the brake performance three methods of brake assessment can be used: stopping distance,
braked weights, and deceleration. All three will determine the brake performance.
From vehicle testing, braked weight is derived from stopping distance. For freight wagons (fitted with
cast iron blocks or fully certified and exchangeable LL-blocks) the braked weight may be calculated as set
out in Annex D, if applicable.
Brake performance assessment is defined based on a number of standardized conditions (e.g. level track,
dry rail and mean in-service vehicle condition). Brake assessment thus does not assume the worst
possible vehicle condition, which can be the result of e.g. braking force tolerances, friction coefficient
scatter, downgraded efficiency, or the failure of brake system components etc.
These brake performances do not contain safety margins.
For vehicle having different brake positions as described in EN 14198, there shall be an assessment for
each brake position.
The brake performance marked on vehicles (EN 15877-1 and EN 15877-2) shall be derived from the
performance determined by tests and/or calculation according to this document.
Links between calculation of brake performance and test are given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Links between calculation of brake performance and test
Vehicle type Calculation Brake performance Validation by test
All vehicles EN 14531-1 and/or Decelerations + response mandatory
excluding freight EN 14531-2 time / stopping distance
wagons
↑↓
Braked weights
freight wagons EN 14531-1 and/or Stopping distance mandatory
EN 14531-2 or Annex D,
↑↓ (with exception of
if applicable (cast iron /
freight wagons, where
Braked weights
certified LL-blocks)
the requirements of
Annex D are met)
5.2 Brake assessment with braked weights
This method originated after the introduction of the compressed air brake. For this purpose a huge
number of test runs on level track had been performed with a given passenger train with 60 wheelsets,
defined brake equipment and given mass from various initial speeds.
The brake performance of this train has been ever since equivalent to λ = 100 % and serves as reference
standard deceleration so that per definition the braked weight is equivalent to the mass of the train. The
results of further tests with different brake settings set up brake assessment charts providing the
relations:
λ= f vs, (1)
( )
where
s stopping distance, expressed in m;
v initial speed, expressed in km/h;
λ brake weight percentage, expressed in %.
The reference train was equipped with block brakes with low-phosphorus cast-iron blocks.
A brake assessment diagram is used as a basis of reference for determining the brake performance of
new vehicles using the passenger brake mode.
The assessment diagrams (see Figure A.1 and B.1) are applicable for an initial braking speed of up to
200 km/h.
The braked weight is expressed in tons. The quotient obtained from the sum of all the braked weights
and the mass of the train multiplied by 100 gives the braked weight percentage λ of the train and relates
to the stopping distance in the event of an emergency brake application.
The braked weights assigned to the individual vehicles or vehicle segments are normally to be marked
on the outside of the vehicles in accordance with EN 15877-1 and EN 15877-2 when they are obtained
from brake application by brake pipe only. Braked weights shall be indicated in whole numbers of tons,
with values < 0,5 to be rounded down and values ≥ 0,5 to be rounded up. If the results come from tests
on a train, the figures are initially rounded up or down for the smallest unit (wagon) on which a braked
weight is indicated.
5.3 Brake assessment with deceleration’s method
The brake performance of trains can be expressed by decelerations. This method may be applied for all
speed ranges. For speeds over 200 km/h, it is mandatory.
The real train deceleration profile is approximated by a function with equivalent brake response time
and one or more speed intervals of constant decelerations.
The deceleration method set out in this document is intended to describe the train deceleration in a
simplified set of values and not by the individual braking functions.
6 Execution of tests
6.1 Test methods
6.1.1 General
The tests shall be performed by a competent authority.
NOTE As an example, a test institute in accordance with EN ISO/IEC 17025.
Train testing is the original method, which gives more accurate results and is always applicable. In the
following cases, the train test can be replaced by single vehicle test, which leads to more restrictive
results:
— for coaches with maximum speed ≤ 160 km/h;
— for coaches with only one stage of braking effort and maximum speed up to 200 km/h (special
evaluations rules: see braked weight assessment 8.3);
— for freight wagons;
— for locomotives;
— for single EMU/DMUs (as defined in EN 16185-2).
6.1.2 Freight wagons and coaches
If the braked weight of freight wagons/coaches is determined by testing with a train, the following special
conditions apply:
— coaches: For the purpose of the tests a 400 m long hauled train should be used comprising identical
coaches with the same brake equipment;
— freight wagons: For the purpose of the tests a 500 m long hauled train should be used comprising
identical freight wagons with the same brake equipment;
— in both cases the locomotive brake shall be isolated and all brake pipe accelerators and the EP assist
shall be deactivated.
6.1.3 Locomotives
When determining the braked weight of the locomotive in position G, tests from 100 km/h in position P
shall be undertaken with the locomotive operating on its own. For all other brake positions, the testing
shall be done as set out in 6.3.
Locomotives with multiple brake control architecture shall be tested in all operating modes (e.g.:
UIC brake pipe, direct ep-brake, rescue- or towing-mode, etc.).
6.1.4 EMU/DMU and high speed trainsets
The brake performance of a multiple unit is determined by dynamic tests for all existing brake positions
with all brakes active. To determine the brake performance in degraded modes dynamic tests shall be
performed for all relevant cases (e.g. isolated parts of air brake, ep assist, dynamic brake, magnetic track
brake).
For trainsets which can be coupled together to operate in multiple units, the tests shall be conducted in
the most unfavourable train configuration (considering the equivalent brake response time in Annex E)
determined by the static test (i.e. generally the longest planned formation).
EMU/DMU and highspeed trainsets with multiple brake control architecture shall be tested in all
operating modes (e.g.: UIC brake pipe, direct ep-brake, rescue- or towing-mode, etc.).
6.1.5 Testing of vehicles/trains with additional brake equipment
Typically additional brake equipments for service and/or emergency brake applications include:
dynamic brake, eddy current brake, EP assist, magnetic track brake, brake pipe accelerators.
The testing defined in 6.1.4 shall be undertaken with all brake equipment operational.
If additional brake equipment is used in emergency brake or service brake, additional testing should be
performed to determine brake performance with this equipment isolated.
If more than one additional equipment is fitted, there should be further testing to determine the
contribution of each equipment.
6.2 Load conditions for tests
6.2.1 Freight wagons
For freight wagons with empty/load devices, slip tests shall be conducted:
— with minimum load (empty freight wagons), in the “empty” position;
— in the “empty” position with a load at the changeover mass. When an automatic “empty-loaded”
changeover device is being used, the tests shall be carried out in the “empty” position with a load
close to the changeover mass, but far enough below it to ensure that the automatic changeover device
remains stable in the “empty” position;
— with normal load in the “loaded” position (EN 15663: Design mass under normal payload).
For freight wagons with self-adjusting load-proportional braking, the slip tests shall be conducted:
— with minimum load (empty freight wagons);
— in the lowest load status under which the maximum braked weight is achieved;
— at the condition at which the maximum energy is dissipated (combination of speed and load).
For S and SS freight wagons, as defined in EN 14198, the load definition leads to Table 3.
Table 3 — Load conditions for slip tests with S and SS freight wagons
Freight wagon
Freight wagon for S- for S-regime
regime with empty- with self-
Freight wagon
Vehicle mass loaded changeover adjusting load-
for SS-regime
device proportional
(S1 in EN 14198) (S2 in
EN 14198)
Minimum load x x x
Changeover mass x
14,5 t / wheelset  x
18 t / wheelset   x
20 t / wheelset   x
22,5 t / wheelset x x
x mandatory tests
NOTE The values of the vehicle weight are typical values for UIC S-Regime or SS-Regime for tread-
braked wheels.
6.2.2 Locomotives
For locomotives only minimum load shall be tested.
6.2.3 Passenger vehicles
Load condition for passenger vehicles is specified in Table 4.
Table 4 — Load condition for testing
Vehicle type Load status
Minimum load Normal load Maximum braking
load
Coach, passenger trains, multiple
unit and high speed train a
X X
(x)
without load-proportional braking
Coach, passenger trains, multiple
unit and high speed train a
X X
X
with load-proportional braking
(x) Recommendation
X Requirement
a
If difference between normal load and maximum braking load is more than 10 % of the normal load.
In cases where loading is not possible, alternative methods are permitted, such as simulation by isolating
other brake units, as long as this introduces no significant errors into the procedure. In particular, it shall
be observed on vehicles with self-adjusting load-proportional braking that the correct brake cylinder
pressures (corresponding to the load) are simulated.
Simulation is performed as follows:
The number of isolated brakes is determined such that the ratio of:
∑ the active brake forces Dynamic mass of test train
= (2)
∑ the installed braked forces Dynamic mass of laden train
is generally complied with.
The simulation is only allowed for long trains (400 m excluding the locomotive) not for single vehicles,
EMU/DMU and high speed train.
6.3 Speeds to be used for testing
The speed criteria specified in Table 5 shall be used for all types of brake applications to a stop, i.e. for
the emergency applications for brake assessment as well as for (e.g.) service brake applications or
degraded mode tests.
Combinations of speed and brake position, which are not applicable for operation, are not mandatory for
testing.
Table 5 — Brake position test
Emergency brake Service brake
TEST SPEED
(not necessary for
P P+E R R+E R+Mg R+Wb
braked weight
km/h
P+H R+H P+E+Mg P+E+Wb
assessment)
30 C, D, E D, E C, D, E D, E — — D, E
100 A, B, C, D, E A, C, D, D, E ─ ─ D, E
D, E E
120 A, B, C, D, E A, C, D, D, E ─ ─ D, E
D, E E
140 A, B, C, D, E A, C, D, D, E A, C, E C, E D, E
D, E E
160 A, B, C, D, E A, C, D, D, E A, C, E C, E D, E
D, E E
200 C, D, E D, E C, D, E D, E C, E C, E D, E
Maximum speed A, B, C, D, E A, C, D, D, E C, E C, E D, E
a D, E E
(<160)
Maximum speed B, C, D, D, E C, D, E D, E C, E C, E D, E
E
a b
(>160)
A = single vehicle – coach or wagon
B = freight train
C = passenger train
D = loco
E = EMU/DMU and High speed train sets
Freight vehicles/trains which have R brake position shall be assessed as passenger vehicles/trains.
a
Test shall be also performed from maximum speed if not included in the Table.
b
For speed > 250 km/h, other speeds in steps not greater than 40 km/h from 200 km/h to maximum design
speed shall be tested.
6.4 Method of execution of the test
6.4.1 General
The test train or test vehicle shall be accelerated up to the speed for the intended brake application. At
this speed, the traction is switched off and after that an emergency brake application is initiated on level
and straight track. If there are different possibilities to initiate an emergency braking (e.g. by driver brake
valve, push-button, ATP valves.) the possibility leading to the longest response time shall be chosen for
tests used for brake performance assessment. The choice shall be validated by suitable tests.
For single vehicle testing the method of slip test applies. The vehicle shall be uncoupled after reaching
the test speed and the emergency brake shall be applied at the same time or short time after uncoupling.
In every test the stopping distance is measured from the point at which the emergency brake application
was initiated (e.g. leaving running position of brake controller or emergency button depressed) until the
standstill.
The measured stopping distance includes the distance covered during the delay time and the build-up
time of brake equipment.
This test method can similarly be applied for other than emergency brake applications (e.g. maximum
service braking).
6.4.2 Atmospheric conditions
In order to prevent adverse atmospheric conditions from affecting the results the tests should be carried
out with minimum wind and dry rails.
No test in flying snow conditions is allowed.
6.4.3 Condition of brake equipment
6.4.3.1 Wheels
For block-braked vehicles with new or reprofiled wheels, these should have been run in for at least
1 200 km.
6.4.3.2 Friction components
Before the start of the tests the friction components (brake pads/blocks) shall be bedded-in to give at
least 85 % contact pattern. If the tests include brake applications in wet conditions, the leading edge of
the pad/block shall be bedded-in in the direction of rotation. The bedding-in status shall be documented
by means of photos of a useful selection of friction elements.
After the successful bedding-in of the brake pads the brake disc roughness is conside
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