CEN/TR 18077:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2024
Informacijsko modeliranje gradenj - Digitalni dvojčki v grajenem okolju - Primeri
uporabe
Building information modelling - Digital twins applied to the built environment - Use cases
Building information modelling - Digitale Zwillinge in der bebauten Umwelt -
Anwendungsfälle
Modélisation des informations de la construction - Jumeaux numériques appliqués à
l'environnement bâti - Cas d'usage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 18077:2024
ICS:
35.240.67 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in building
gradbeništvu and construction industry
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TR 18077
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
September 2024
TECHNISCHER REPORT
ICS 35.240.67
English Version
Building information modelling - Digital twins applied to
the built environment - Use cases
Modélisation des informations de la construction - Building information modelling - Digitale Zwillinge in
Jumeaux numériques appliqués à l'environnement der bebauten Umwelt - Anwendungsfälle
bâti - Cas d'usage
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 14 July 2024. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 442.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISAT IO N

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 18077:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Abbreviations . 5
5 Objective . 7
6 Methodology . 7
6.1 Introduction . 7
6.2 Table of compiled case studies . 7
Annex A (informative) Case study template . 12
Annex B (informative) Case studies presented . 13
Bibliography . 89
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 18077:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 442 “Building
Information Modelling (BIM)”, the secretariat of which is held by SN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
Introduction
Complementary to a building information model, which contains as built and historical data, a digital twin
(DT) can be used to assess the current state of the asset and to potentially forecast the future state.
Given the wide range of buildings and infrastructure in the built environment, both in application and in
scale, there is currently insufficient information available to make informed decisions about good
practice in the development of digital twins. There is a need for clear use cases to inform any such
provisions. This document will collect and collate use cases from throughout Europe to show how digital
twins are currently being applied, and then to analyse these use cases to identify common characteristics
and methods. This analysis could then be used to support future projects of CEN/TC 442/WG 9 “Digital
Twins in built environment”.
1 Scope
This document collates case studies of digital twins applied to the built environment, including
infrastructures, in Europe. These case studies have been obtained from CEN experts and related EU
research projects.
This document identifies common characteristics to support further standardization work.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
3.1
case study
instance of a use case or, more generally, a record of specific set of actions
Note 1 to entry: A case study could record research relating to an instantiated use case.
Note 2 to entry: Most of the cases presented in this document are case studies.
EXAMPLE A case study could be “Free University of Berlin’s application of AI to improve space utilization”.
3.2
use case
document set of actions performed by one or more actors and by the system itself
EXAMPLE A case could be “predictive maintenance”, with the actions including monitoring performance, and
repair/replacement activity prior to failure.
4 Abbreviations
ADT Assets Digital Twin
AECO Architectural, Engineering, Construction & Operations
AI Artificial Intelligence
AODB Airport Operational Database
API Application programming interface
AR Augmented Reality
BACnet Protocol, Building Automation and Control Networks.
BAS Building Automation System
BDT Building Digital Twin
BDT Manager Building Digital Twin Manager
BEM Building Energy Model
BIM Building Information Modelling
CAFM Computer-aided facility management
DT Digital Twin
GIS Geographical Information System
HTM Human Thermal Model
HVAC Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning
ICDD Information Containers for linked Document Delivery
ICT Information Communications Technology
IFC Industry Foundation Classes
IoT Internet of Things
KNX Standard. Stands for "Konnex"
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LD Linked Data
LoD Level of Detail
MEP Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing engineering
Modbus A request-response protocol implemented using a master-slave relationship
MPC Model Predictive Controller
NDT Non Destructive Testing
OBIX Open Building Information Exchange
PBS Product Breakdown Structure
PDF Portable Document Format
PV Photovoltaic
R&D Research and Development
RDF Resource Description Framework
REST API Protocol (Application programming interface for REST)
RISA Commercial brand
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol
SPARQL RDF query language
TOS Terminal Operation Systems
UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
URI Unique Resource Identifier
VR Virtual Reality
WebGL Web Graphics Library
5 Objective
The main objective of this document is to collect a wide range of case studies of Digital Twin (DT)
implementations across the built environment, to generate a set of examples ranging across different life
cycle phases and different constructive assets.
In addition, the collected case studies include their purpose or purposes. The aggregation of these main
or secondary purposes allows to infer new potential use cases of the application of DT in the built
environment.
6 Methodology
6.1 Introduction
The use cases were collected using a simple generic template approved by the expert’s group. The
template was defined in order to gather general information on a use case, its main use, a description,
what improvements could be found beyond the state of the art and replication potential (see Annex A).
After that, the completed templates were circulated amongst the group responsible for receiving and
reviewing the case studies. The decision to accept a case study was determined by the degree and clarity
of information provided.
To enable future compilation of use cases, some iteration with the authors was carried out to facilitate
comprehension and benchmarking among the case studies received. Before the agreed deadline, a total
number of 37 cases were gathered and 34 were selected (see Annex B for the selected use cases). To ease
their aggregation, they were included in a dynamic table. That table included the main uses of the DT as
well as other key considerations provided by the experts, such as the types of assets, the phase of their
life cycle or the tools used beyond the current state of the art.
This table was also shared between the experts showing the key information collected, as well as their
evolution, in case of iteration of each case study. The result, therefore, allows for a more homogeneous
comparison and a panoramic view of the contents, hence enabling the conclusions given in Clause 6.
6.2 Table of compiled case studies
As a summary of the dynamic table, Table 1 presents all the case studies collected and accepted. Each line
is a case study that was presented.
The first column of the table (“#”) is a sequential number that would be the reference number used in
other tables. The second column (“Name”) gives the name or a short description of the case study. The
third column (“General info”) contains a short description. In the fourth column (“Main use”) is the
declared main use of the case study. Column five (“Asset type”) contains an asset type for grouping the
case studies. Finally, the last column (“Phase”) indicates the life cycle phase.
Table 1 — Summary table, case studies presented
# Name General info Main use Asset type Phase
1 D2EPC Building Residential Energy Building Residential Operation
THESS Performance
2 D2EPC Building School Energy Building Tertiary Operation
NICOSIA Performance
3 PLANON DT Smart Climatized Energy Building Tertiary Operation
Asset/Space Performance,
Management Control, Events,
Space
Management
4 SAMBA Building Office, Operation Building Tertiary Operation
Coworking
5 H2 DT for Technical Marketing Others (Machinery) Production
ELECTRO Marketing (Offsite
Construction)
6 BRIDGE Bridge INFRA Maintenance, Civil Infrastructure Operation
WEBGL marketing (Linear)
8 CRANE Building Crane Planning Others (Machinery) Operation
Construction
Operations
9 KUBIK Building Test Lab Building Industrial Design
10 BRIDGE Bridge INFRA test bridge Civil Infrastructure Design
ZUBIOTE (Linear)
13 BIM2TWIN Digital Twin of Construction Building Tertiary Execution
Construction Management (Onsite
Execution Construction)
14 ENERGY_T Building Office Commissioning, Building Tertiary Commissioni
WIN Operation ng
15 BRIDGE Bridge Rail/Road Infra Operation, Civil Infrastructure Operation
BASt Maintenance (Linear)
16 ROAD TU Road Infra Operation Civil Infrastructure Operation
(Linear)
17 BRIDGE Bridge Road Infra Operation, Civil Infrastructure Operation
ROAD Maintenance (Linear)
INFRA
18 BUILDING Building Office Construction Building Tertiary Construction
OFFICE
19 BRIDGE Bridge Rail Infra Operation, Civil Infrastructure Operation
RAIL INFRA Maintenance (Linear)
20 SNCF Rail Infra Knowledge Civil Infrastructure Operation
optimization (Linear)
# Name General info Main use Asset type Phase
21 ZADAR Airport Infra Maintenance Civil Infrastructure Operation
(Punctual)
22 AVILES Port Infra Operation, Civil Infrastructure Operation

PORT logistics (Punctual)
23 SETEC- Port Infra Heritage Civil Infrastructure Reconstructi
StMALO (Punctual) on/preservat
ion
24 LEGENDRE Building, provisions Construction Building Tertiary Execution
for openings Management (Onsite
Construction)
25 ETSICCP Building School Operation Building Tertiary Operation
26 IRRIGATION Smart Irrigation Operation Utility network Operation
Management
27 LLOBREGAT BUILDING (Council) Operation Building Tertiary Operation
28 HIDROPOW Powerplant Maintenance, Energy Operation
ER Rabenstein (AUSTRIA) optimization, Infrastructure
simulation and
VR
29 NUCLEAR_D (Confidential) Optimization, Building Industrial Dismantling
ECOMM Simulation,
Training
30 ST_ETIENNE Building School Optimization, Building Tertiary Operation
simulation,
operation
31 ECOLE Building School Building Building Tertiary Operation
CEN
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