ASTM D7826-13
(Guide)Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the review of these new products by ASTM members.
5.2 This guide is not an approval process. It is intended to describe test and analysis requirements necessary to generate data to support specification development. This guide does not address the approval process for ASTM International standards.
5.3 This guide will reduce the uncertainty and risk to developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives by describing the test and analysis requirements necessary to proceed with the development of an ASTM International specification for aviation gasoline or specification revision for an aviation gasoline additive.
5.4 This guide does not purport to specify an all-inclusive listing of test and analysis requirements to achieve ASTM International approval of a specification or specification revision. The final requirements will be dependent upon the specific formulation and performance of the candidate fuel and be determined by the ASTM International task forces and committees charged with overseeing the specification development.
5.5 This guide does not describe data requirements of other approving authorities, such as national aviation regulatory authorities, or of other organizations or industry associations. However, the data generated in the conduct of the procedure may be useful for other purposes or other organizations.
5.6 Over 200 000 piston-engine aircraft rely on Specification D910 lead-containing aviation gasoline (avgas) for safe operation. There has been an increase in the research and development of alternatives to Specification D910 gasolines as a result of environmental and economic concerns.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.
1.2 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”
1.3 The procedures, tests, selection of materials, engines, and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industry expertise to give appropriate data for review. Because of the diversity of aviation hardware and potential variation in fuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encompassed and further work may be required. Therefore, additional data beyond that described in this guide may be requested by the ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02 upon review of the specific composition, performance, or other characteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.
1.4 While it is beyond the scope of this guide, investigation of the future health and environmental impacts of the new aviation gasoline or new aviation gasoline additive and the requirements of environmental agencies is recommended.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7826 − 13 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Guide for
Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation
Gasoline Additives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7826; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers and provides procedures to develop
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or
Atmospheric Pressure
new aviation gasoline additives.
D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1.2 These research reports are intended to support the
D156Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
development and issuance of new specifications or specifica-
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
tion revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM
D323TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is
(Reid Method)
provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating
D381Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and
ration
Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-
D395Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”
D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
1.3 The procedures, tests, selection of materials, engines,
tic Elastomers—Tension
and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industry
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
expertise to give appropriate data for review. Because of the
andOpaqueLiquids(andCalculationofDynamicViscos-
diversity of aviation hardware and potential variation in
ity)
fuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encom-
D471Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
passedandfurtherworkmayberequired.Therefore,additional
D664Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
data beyond that described in this guide may be requested by
by Potentiometric Titration
the ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02
D873Test Method for Oxidation Stability ofAviation Fuels
uponreviewofthespecificcomposition,performance,orother
(Potential Residue Method)
characteristics of the candidate fuel or additive. D892Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
ing Oils
1.4 While it is beyond the scope of this guide, investigation
D909TestMethodforSuperchargeRatingofSpark-Ignition
of the future health and environmental impacts of the new
Aviation Gasoline
aviation gasoline or new aviation gasoline additive and the
D910Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
requirements of environmental agencies is recommended.
D924Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
cal Insulating Liquids
this standard.
D943TestMethodforOxidationCharacteristicsofInhibited
Mineral Oils
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D1002Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Sponge or Expanded Rubber
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mittee D02.J0.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Fuels. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2013. Published November 2013. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7826-13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7826 − 13
D1094Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels D6053Test Method for Determination of Volatile Organic
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Compound (VOC) Content of Electrical Insulating Var-
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod- nishes
ucts by Hydrometer Method D6227Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Con-
D1621Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid taining a Non-hydrocarbon Component
Cellular Plastics D6304Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard- leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-
ness lometric Karl Fischer Titration
D2344/D2344MTest Method for Short-Beam Strength of D6424PracticeforOctaneRatingNaturallyAspiratedSpark
PolymerMatrixCompositeMaterialsandTheirLaminates Ignition Aircraft Engines
D2386Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels D6469GuideforMicrobialContaminationinFuelsandFuel
D2500Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products Systems
D2533Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio of Spark- D6812PracticeforGround-BasedOctaneRatingProcedures
Ignition Engine Fuels (Withdrawn 2008) for Turbocharged/Supercharged Spark Ignition Aircraft
D2583Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plas- Engines
tics by Means of a Barcol Impressor D7547Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation
D2624Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviation Gasoline
and Distillate Fuels E659Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid
D2700Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark- Chemicals
Ignition Engine Fuel
2.2 EI Standards:
D2887Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
EI 1529Aviation fuelling hose and hose assemblies
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
EI 1581Specification and qualification procedures for avia-
D2896TestMethodforBaseNumberofPetroleumProducts
tion jet fuel filter/separators
by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
EI 1583Laboratory tests and minimum performance levels
D3339TestMethodforAcidNumberofPetroleumProducts
for aviation fuel filter monitors
by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration
EI1590Specificationsandqualificationproceduresforavia-
D3359Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
tion fuel microfilters
D3525Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline
2.3 MODUK Standard:
Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
MODUKDEFSTAN80-97PaintSystem,fortheInteriorof
D3652Test Method for Thickness of Pressure-Sensitive
Bulk Fuel Tank and Fittings, Multi-Pack
Tapes
2.4 ISO Standards:
D3762Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-
ISO 1825Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for aircraft
ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test)
ground fuelling and defuelling—Specification
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
ISO20823Determinationoftheflammabilitycharacteristics
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
of fluids in contact with hot surfaces—Manifold ignition
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
test
Petroleum Products
2.5 UL Standard:
D4308Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid
UL94Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Mate-
Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter
rials for Parts in Devices and Appliances Testing
D4809Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision
2.6 Federal Standards:
Method) DOT/FAA/AR-03/21Characterization of In-Plane, Shear-
D4865Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
Loaded Adhesive Lap Joints: Experiments and Analysis
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems DOT/FAA/AR-06/10Guidelines and Recommended Crite-
D5188Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature
ria for the Development of a Material Specification for
Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber and Piston Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Fabric Prepregs
Based Method)
14 CFR Part 33:49Block Tests; Reciprocating Aircraft
D5190Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod- Engines—Endurance Test
ucts (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)
D5191Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
ucts (Mini Method) Available from Publications Team, Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St.,
London W1G 7AR, UK, http://www.energyinst.org.
D5304Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate Fuel
Available from UK Defence Standardization, Kentigern House, Rm. 1138, 65
Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure
Brown St., Glasgow G2 8EX.
D5762Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum and Petro-
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
leum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemiluminescence
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,
WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.astm.org. www.access.gpo.gov.
D7826 − 13
Fed-Std-791Testing Method of Lubricants, Liquid Fuels, cationpropertiestoprovideacomprehensiveassessmentofthe
and Related Products suitability of an aviation fuel for use on aircraft and aircraft
MIL-C-6183Cork and Rubber Composition Sheet, forAro- engines.
matic Fuel and Oil Resistant Gaskets
3.2.4 production specification research report,
MIL-F-5509Fittings, Flared Tube, Fluid Connection
n—compilation of the technical data describing the
MIL-R-83248 Rubber: Fluorocarbon Elastomer, High
composition, properties, and performance of an aviation gaso-
Temperature, Fluid and Compression Set Resistant
line used to support development and issuance of a production
MIL-S-8802Sealing Compound,Temperature-Resistant, In-
specification.
tegral Fuel Tanks and Fuel Cell Cavities, High-Adhesion
3.2.5 sponsor, n—entity submitting a new fuel or new fuel
additive for review.
3. Terminology
3.2.6 test specification research report, n—compilation of
3.1 Definitions:
the technical data describing the composition, properties, and
3.1.1 additive, n—substance added to a base aviation gaso-
performance of an aviation gasoline used to support develop-
line in relatively small amounts that either enables that base
ment and issuance of a test specification.
aviationgasolinetomeettheapplicablespecificationproperties
or does not alter the applicable specification properties of that
4. Summary of Practice
base aviation gasoline beyond allowable limits.
4.1 This guide gives laboratory and aircraft equipment test
3.1.2 aviation gasoline, n—fuel possessing specific proper-
guidance to evaluate a new aviation gasoline or aviation
ties suitable for operating aircraft powered by spark-ignition
gasoline additive. This guide includes requirements that ad-
piston engines.
dress the following subjects:
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Principal properties include
4.1.1 Basic specification properties;
combustion, fluidity, volatility corrosion, stability, water
4.1.2 Fit-for-purpose properties, including compatibility
shedding, and detonation-free performance in the engine (or
with other aviation gasolines and aviation piston-engine lubri-
engines) for which it is intended. In the context of this guide,
cants;
the terms fuel and gasoline are interchangeable.
4.1.3 Materials compatibility;
3.1.3 production specification, n—ASTM International 4.1.4 Aircraft component bench or rig testing;
aviation gasoline standard that specifies the properties,
4.1.5 Engine test cell evaluation; and
performance, and composition necessary to provide a level of
4.1.6 Aircraft flight test evaluation.
control to support large-scale production, distribution, and the
4.2 The procedure for new aviation gasolines is organized
conduct of commerce.
into Phase 1 and Phase 2. Details of the two phases:
3.1.4 test specification, n—ASTM International aviation
4.2.1 Phase 1 is a test specification phase structured to
gasoline standard specifying the properties, performance, and
produce data to support the development and review of an
composition necessary to provide a level of control to support
ASTM International Aviation Gasoline Test Specification (see
the conduct of testing and analysis for development of an
6.2). The process to develop, review, and issue an ASTM
ASTMInternationalaviationgasolineproductionspecification.
International aviation gasoline test specification is not ad-
dressed in this guide.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.2.2 Phase 2 is a production specification phase structured
3.2.1 critical altitude, n—maximum altitude at which, in
to produce data to support the development and review of an
standard atmosphere, it is possible to maintain at a specific
ASTM International aviation gasoline production specification
engine revolutions per minute (RPM), a specified power, or a
(see 6.3). The process to develop, review, and issue anASTM
specified manifold pressure.
International aviation gasoline production specification is not
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Unless otherwise stated, the critical
addressed in this guide.
altitude is the maximum altitude at which it is possible to
4.3 The procedure for new aviation gasoline additives
maintain, at the maximum engine RPM, one of the following:
(1)Themaximumcontinuouspower,inthecaseofengines consists of only one phase.
for which this power rating is the same, at sea level and at the
4.4 The procedure to evaluate new aviation gasolines is
rated altitude or
progressive and iterative in nature with the extent of continued
(2)The maximum continuous rated manifold pressure, in
testing determined by the fuel properties, characteristics, and
the case of engines, the maximum continuous power of which
test results revealed at each successive stage. The extent of
is governed by a constant manifold pressure.
testing can be expected to grow with increasing degree of
3.2.2 fit-for-purpose, adj—describes a condition of accep- divergence from the properties, performance, and experience
withexistingaviationgasolines.Thisdegreeofdivergenceand
tance of an aviation fuel or aviation fuel additive that signifies
acceptable performance in aircraft and aircraft engines. its consequences are evaluated during the analysis of data
provided in the research reports.
3.2.3 fit-for-purpose properties, n—characteristics of an
aviation fuel or aviation fuel additive in the fuel th
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.