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ASTM D4806-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended to be blended with unleaded or leaded gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as a spark-ignition automotive engine fuel. The significance of this specification is shown in .
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-May-2006
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.A0.02 - Oxygenated Fuels and Components
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4806-04a - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D4806-06a - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D5501-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 % Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D1613-17(2023) - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4814-23 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7794-21 - Standard Practice for Blending Mid-Level Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Vehicles with Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8181-19 - Standard Specification for Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion Test Fuel Oils
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7717-11(2021) - Standard Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7757-22 - Standard Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM E3050-22 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7875-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Butanol and Acetone Content of Butanol for Blending with Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7577-12(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Accelerated Iron Corrosion Rating of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8076-21b - Standard Specification for 100 Research Octane Number Test Fuel for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7563-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Ability of Engine Oil to Emulsify Water and Simulated Ed85 Fuel
Effective Date
15-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7923-19 - Standard Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Blends by Karl Fischer Titration
Effective Date
15-May-2006

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ASTM D4806-06 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelASTM D4806-06 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
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ASTM D4806-06 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 4806 – 06
Standard Specification for
Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use
1
as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous dena-
Petroleum Products
tured fuel ethanol intended to be blended with unleaded or
D 4814 SpecificationforAutomotiveSpark-IgnitionEngine
leadedgasolinesat1to10volume%foruseasaspark-ignition
Fuel
automotiveenginefuel.Thesignificanceofthisspecificationis
D 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
shown in Appendix X1.
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D 5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content
only.
of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
2. Referenced Documents
D 5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Tolu-
2
ene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C and Heavier
9
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Gas Chromatography
Atmospheric Pressure
D 6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol,
D 381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet
Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
Evaporation
D 6428 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Liquid Aromatic
D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives by Oxidative Com-
D 891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of
3
bustion and Electrochemical Detection
Liquid Industrial Chemicals
D 6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of
D 1152 Specification for Methanol (Methyl Alcohol)
Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E 203 TestMethodforWaterUsingVolumetricKarlFischer
D 1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
Titration
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
and Related Products
E 1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by
D 1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
2.2 Other Standards:
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts
D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
4
20 and 21
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
United States Federal Specification O-E-760b Ethyl Alco-
lometry
hol (Ethanol): Denatured Alcohol: and Proprietary Sol-
D 3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of
5
vent
Pure Liquid Chemicals
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.A0 on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels.
3
Current edition approved May 15, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally Withdrawn.
4
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 4806–04a. Order as Code of Federal Regulations Title 27 Parts 200-End: from U.S.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Order from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,
the ASTM website. 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4806–06
3.1.1 ethanol, n—ethyl alcohol, the chemical compound 4.2 Other Properties—Limits more restrictive than those
C H OH. specified above, or the specification of additional properties
2 5
3.1.2 gasoline, n—a volatile mixture of liquid hydrocar- suchascolor,maybeagreeduponbetweenthesupplierandthe
bons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable purchaser.
for use as a
...

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5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
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5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
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Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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