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ASTM D1907-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method

Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear density of all types of yarn in package form, subject to the limitations of size and stretch given in and . Provision is made for expressing yarn linear density in all the traditional yarn numbering systems.
1.2 This method is applicable to yarns that stretch less than 5 % when tension on the yarn is increased from 0.25 to 0.75 cN/tex (0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex). By mutual agreement, and use of a lower than specified reeling tension, this method may also be adapted to measure the linear density of yarns that stretch more than 5 %, under the above force.
1.3 This method is applicable to yarns finer than 2000 tex. However, it may be also adapted to coarser yarns by the use of skeins of shorter than specified lengths, and alternate reeling conditions, agreeable to the interested parties.
1.4 Depending on the procedure used to calculate the moisture content of the yarn being tested, and its actual moisture content, or finish content, or both, one or more of the following options may be utilized.
1.4.1 Unscoured YarnOption 1-Yarn at equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
Option 2-Oven-dried yarn.
Option 3-Oven-dried yarn, plus commercial moisture regain.
1.4.2 Scoured YarnOption 4-Scoured yarn at equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
Option 5-Oven-dried, scoured yarn.
Option 6-Oven-dried, scoured yarn, plus commercial moisture regain.
Option 7-Oven-dried, scoured yarn, plus commercial allowance (commercial moisture regain, plus an allowance for finish).
1.5 Specimens used to determine yarn linear density may also be used to determine the skein breaking strength of the yarn. Hence, this method provides the sequence of steps to be followed, to determine both these yarn properties. Note 1The linear density of yarns produced with jute, or glass, may also be determined by the following approved methods: Specifications D 541, D 578, and D 681. The linear density of short yarn segments, raveled from fabrics, may be determined by Test Method D 1059.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values shown in parentheses are approximate conversions to U.S. customary unit equivalents.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2006
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1907-01 - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D1907/D1907M-12 - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4849-21 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D2259-21 - Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Yarns
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3108/D3108M-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3823-07(2018) - Standard Practice for Determining Ticket Numbers for Sewing Threads
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7744/D7744M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of High Performance Polyethylene Films
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4031-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Properties of Textured Yarns
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1578-93(2022) - Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Yarn in Skein Form
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7508/D7508M-20 - Standard Specification for Polyolefin Chopped Strands for Use in Concrete
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6587-12(2018) - Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Using Automatic Tester
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM F1551-09(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces and Materials
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3412/D3412M-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Yarn
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1059-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007

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ASTM D1907-07 - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein MethodASTM D1907-07 - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
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ASTM D1907-07 - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1907–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1907; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.5 Specimens used to determine yarn linear density may
also be used to determine the skein breaking strength of the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear
yarn. Hence, this method provides the sequence of steps to be
density of all types of yarn in package form, subject to the
followed, to determine both these yarn properties.
limitations of size and stretch given in 1.2 and 1.3. Provision is
made for expressing yarn linear density in all the traditional
NOTE 1—The linear density of yarns produced with jute, or glass, may
yarn numbering systems.
also be determined by the following approved methods: Specifications
D541,D578,andD681.Thelineardensityofshortyarnsegments,raveled
1.2 This method is applicable to yarns that stretch less than
from fabrics, may be determined by Test Method D1059.
5 % when tension on the yarn is increased from 0.25 to 0.75
cN/tex (0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex). By mutual agreement, and use of
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
a lower than specified reeling tension, this method may also be
standard. The values shown in parentheses are approximate
adaptedtomeasurethelineardensityofyarnsthatstretchmore
conversions to U.S. customary unit equivalents.
than 5 %, under the above force.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.3 This method is applicable to yarns finer than 2000 tex.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
However, it may be also adapted to coarser yarns by the use of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
skeins of shorter than specified lengths, and alternate reeling
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
conditions, agreeable to the interested parties.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 Depending on the procedure used to calculate the
2. Referenced Documents
moisture content of the yarn being tested, and its actual
2
moisture content, or finish content, or both, one or more of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
following options may be utilized. D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3
1.4.1 Unscoured Yarn:
D541 Specification for Single Jute Yarn
Option1—Yarn at equilibrium with the standard atmosphere D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
for testing textiles.
D681 Specification for Jute Rove and Plied Yarn for Elec-
3
Option 2—Oven-dried yarn. trical and Packing Purposes
Option 3—Oven-dried yarn, plus commercial moisture re-
D1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-
3
gain. Length Specimens
1.4.2 Scoured Yarn:
D1578 Test Method for Breaking Strength of Yarn in Skein
Option 4—Scoured yarn at equilibrium with the standard Form
atmosphere for testing textiles.
D1909 StandardTable of Commercial Moisture Regains for
Option 5—Oven-dried, scoured yarn. Textile Fibers
Option6—Oven-dried,scouredyarn,pluscommercialmois-
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
ture regain. D2260 Tables of Conversion Factors and Equivalent Yarn
Option 7—Oven-dried, scoured yarn, plus commercial al-
Numbers Measured in Various Numbering Systems
lowance (commercial moisture regain, plus an allowance for D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
finish).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1961 T. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1907 – 01. DOI: Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
10.1520/D1907-07. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1907–07
D2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of moisture regain, or allowance are generally used for filament
Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow yarns, or yarns containing wool fibers. The specific options to
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
...

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1.1 This test method describes the measurement of abrasion resistance properties for manufactured fiber yarns in dry and wet conditions.  
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ASTM D1059-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is a quick method used for the determination of the approximate yarn number of short-length specimens taken from packages or fabrics.  
5.2 Because any error present in the reported length of the specimen is multiplied many times when calculating the theoretical yarn number using Eq 2 or Eq 3, it is extremely important that the length be measured as precisely as practicable.  
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5.1 Test Method D6774, for determining maximum total contraction, crimp, and residual fiber shrinkage in textured filament yarns is suitable for acceptance testing of commercial shipments.  
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ASTM D6612-00(2022)(Test Method)
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5.1 Test Method D6612 for yarn number and yarn number variability is satisfactory for acceptance of commercial shipments and is used in the trade.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established tests values are used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.1.2 The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
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5.3 Indices of Variability:  
5.3.1 Coefficient of Variation—%CV is a standard statistical calculation and is the most common index of yarn unevenness. For most textile applications in the 80 to 330 dtex (70 to 300 denier) range, a 1.0 to 1.3 %CV is adequate. %CV of yarns coarser than 666 dtex (600 denier) is not routine and usually not meaningful. %CV is less discriminating that %DS.  
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1.2 Yarn number variability properties include percent density spread (%DS), coefficient of variation (%CV), density frequency variation.  
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1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore to ensure conformance with this standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D1423/D1423M-16(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1423 for testing twist in yarns by direct-counting is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparative tests as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material that resulted in the disparate test results and randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The determination of twist in a straight section of a yarn is not the simple straightforward operation it appears to be, for the test results may be greatly influenced by variations in test procedures and techniques. In all manipulations, extreme care is necessary to prevent specimen rotation altering the twist level before testing begins.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount and direction of twist at the completion of any stage of twisting in single (spun or filament), plied, cabled, or novelty (exclusive of long-term repeat patterns) yarns. The procedures are designed primarily for yarns in packages, but, with special precautions, they are applicable to yarns taken from fabrics. The procedure for spun yarn in 9.2 is also applicable to rovings.  
1.2 For plied yarns, this test method covers the determination of the twist of the plied yarns and the twist of the single yarn before plying. For cabled yarns, the test method covers the determination of the cable or hawser twist; the twist of the plied yarn after plying, but prior to the last twisting operation; and the twist of the single yarn before plying. Procedures are also included for the determination of the twists of the single and plied yarn components as they lie in the final structure. Also, directions are included for the determination of twist in plied yarn made with direct cabling technology.  
1.3 This test method is not intended for yarns that extend more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5 mN/tex [0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex]. Following the procedures of this test method for such yarns would be independent of the bias and precision determined for this test method. The report from such testing should include the tension used for this testing.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: For a more rapid but less accurate method of determining twist in single spun yarns, refer to Test Method D1422.
Note 2: This test method has been evaluated for use in de...

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ASTM D2258/D2258M-16(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling. Many plans that include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.  
5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
5.2.2 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define sampling and testing frequency based on the following: process capability or capability analysis, historical trends, level of detection rate required, confidence level requirements, known variations or special causes, or both. Every attempt to ensure conforming product is being produced, identify potential nonconforming product or proper isolation and identification, will be carried out by the manufacturer.  
5.2.3 Sampling count and number of specimens will be based on standard practice listed within the document. Increase or decrease in count or frequency might be applied based on typical standard deviation, precision and confidence level, Measurement System...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM D3693-02(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Labeled Length per Holder of Sewing Thread

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for the labeled lengths per holder of sewing threads of all materials. The test specimen is a thread holder whether a cone, tube, spool, ready-made bobbin, or any other holders. The observed length for all holders such as home sewing spools, ready-made bobbins, or all other holders which depends on the sampling size shall equal or exceed a certain percentage of the minimum allowable labeled length.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the labeled lengths of sewing threads of all materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2731-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) is a measure of the tensile force occurring while extending a textile material within specified limits. This characteristic of elastomeric yarn indicates the resistance that will have to be overcome by the wearer while putting on a garment made of the material and is also an indication of the garment's resistance to deformation caused by normal body movements during wear. The elongations used for these measurements are typically 100 %, 200 % and 300 %.  
5.3 Permanent Deformation (set) is a measure of the increase in length of an elastomeric yarn resulting from cyclic stretching and relaxation. The characteristic is a visible indication of the realignment of intermolecular bonds within the elastic material. As with stress decay, the amount of set increases with yarn extension; however, for any particular extension, little or no additional set takes place after...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
Note 1: For a method designed specifically for testing rubber threads, refer to Test Method D2433.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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