ASTM D6611-23

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
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Designation: D6611 − 16 D6611 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Wet and Dry Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion Resistance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6611; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of abrasion resistance properties for manufactured fiber yarns in dry and wet
conditions.
1.2 This test method applies to manufactured yarns used in rope and knitted hose making.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (Withdrawn 2008)
D3412 Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Yarn
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
3. Terminology
3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: abrasion, apex angle, applied tension, cycles to failure (CTF), dry, rope, wet.
3.2 For terminology related to industrial fibers and metallic reinforcements, see Terminology D6477.
3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and Metallic
Reinforcements.
Current edition approved July 1, 2016Aug. 1, 2023. Published August 2016August 2023. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20072016 as
D6611–00 (2007) which was withdrawn Jan. 2016 and reinstated in July 2016. DOI: 10.1520/D6611-16.–16. DOI: 10.1520/D6611-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6611 − 23
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A length of yarn is interwrapped in contact with itself between three pulleys that are positioned in a defined geometry to
produce a specific intersection angle. A weight is attached to one end of the yarn to apply a prescribed tension. The other end is
drawn back and forth through a defined stroke at a defined speed until the yarn fails due to abrasion upon itself within the
interwrapped region. The yarn abrasion test can be conducted in either the dry state or the wet state.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended for testing dry and wet abrasion resistance of manufactured fiber yarns. This test method is
especially useful for ropes intended for use in the marine environment. environment and for knitted hoses for various applications.
The test method has been used with yarns having linear densities ranging from 70 to 30065 tex to 335 tex, but may be used with
yarns outside these ranges.
5.2 Yarn to yarn friction is known to have a significant influence on abrasion resistance. To determine the coefficient of friction,
use Test Method D3412.
5.3 Limited interlaboratory correlation testing has been conducted to date. Single-laboratory testing, in accordance with ASTM
practices, has now been conducted. Test results should be used with caution.
5.4 This test method is intended to provide additional data for specific applications such as mentioned in 5.1 and is not intended
for quality control or test reports.
5.5 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests
should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum
the test samples used should be as homogeneous as possible, be drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were
obtained,obtained and be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test
values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two or more laboratories should be compared using a statistical test
for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to testing. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or
future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.6 This test method is conducted at one or several applied tensions that may depend upon the yarn material and size. The number
and magnitudes of applied tensions and the number of eight specimen sets generally are agreed upon in a material specification
or contract order. Guidance on determining the appropriate number and magnitudes of applied tensions is given in Annex A2.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion Test Apparatus is shown schematically in Fig. 1 and consists of the following:
6.2 Yarn Guide Pulleys—Three pulleys are arranged on a vertical frame with the centerline spacing indicated. All of the pulleys
have the same diameter. The pulleys have low-friction bearings.
6.3 Arrangement of Guide Pulleys—The upper pulley centerlines are separated by 140 mm 6 2 mm. The lower pulley centerline
is 254 mm 6 2 mm below a line connecting the upper pulley centerlines. This arrangement produces an apex angle of 10.8 radians
(34°). Other spacings may be used which produce the same apex angle, when analyzed by the procedure given in Annex A1.
6.4 Wet Testing Arrangement—For wet testing, the lower pulley is placed on a bar extending down from a support frame, such
that a beaker of water can be placed around it to immerse the interwrapped portion of the yarn. The lower pulley has a bushing-type
bearing suitable for prolonged service immersed in water.
6.5 Drive Motor—An eccentric crank driven by a gear motor is arranged in alignment with one of the upper pulleys. The crank
is offset by 25 mm 6 2 mm from the drive motor shaft to create a yarn stroke of 50 mm 6 4 mm. The gear motor drives the crank
at between 60 revolutions/min and 70 revolutions/min. Other drive arrangements, which accomplish the specified stroke and drive
speed may alternatively be used.
D6611 − 23
FIG. 1 General Arrangement of the Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion Test Apparatus
6.6 Multi-Station Tester—Several test stations may be arranged on a support frame and driven by the same motor.
6.7 Cycle Counter Arrangement—A means of counting the number of yarn abrasion strokes to failure is provided. This may be
a counter directly connected to the drive motor or a counter, which is indexed by each revolution of the crank or directly by each
stroke of the yarn. This counter is arranged to stop counting when the yarn breaks and to retain a count of the number of strokes
until it is reset. For multistationmulti-station testers, such a counter is provided for each yarn station.
6.8 Yarn Twist Control—If the yarn has pronounced twist, or if the yarn tends to twist or untwist during testing, a means should
be provided to control yarn twist, such as an extension arm on the applied weight which follows a guide.
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
7.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider spools or beams to be the primary sampling unit.
7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—As a laboratory sampling unit take from the primary sampling unit a total length of yarn that will
provide eight test specimens for each of the applied tensions as determined in Annex A2.
7.2.1 Determine the specimen length sufficient to accommodate the distance needed to secure the yarn to the test apparatus motor
crank, through the pulley arrangement and to the applied weight, allowing for movement of the crank and weight during the test.
Add to this a suitable allowance for the length needed to attach the yarn to the crank and to the weight.
7.2.2 Determine the number and magnitudes of applied tensions as directed in Annex A2.
7.2.3 Remove sufficient yarn from the primary sample prior to taking the laboratory sample to assure the test yarn has not been
exposed to light, handling abuse, or other outside influences.
7.2.4 Handle the test specimens carefully to avoid altering its natural state, including twist level.
7.2.5 If testing is not conducted immediately, wind a sufficient length of yarn on a small spool or bobbin and place in a moisture
proof container or package, and store in a dark area not exposed to direct sunlight or other strong light sources.
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit, cut individual specimens to a length as determined in 7.2.
D6611 − 23
7.3.1 Securely tie knots at each end of the specimen to prevent untwisting. For convenience, a small hook, suitable for engaging
the drive attachment and the applied tension, can be attached to each end of the specimen by means of a knot.
8. Conditioning
8.1 Preconditioning for Dry Testing—In preparation for dry testing, precondition each specimen as specified in Practice D1776.
8.2 Preconditioning for Wet Testing—In preparation for wet testing, precondition each specimen in a fresh tap water bath at a
temperature of 20 6 5°C (68 6 10°F) for 60 20 °C 6 5 °C (68 °F 6 10 °F) for 60 min 6 5 min. This may be done either by
soaking the yarn in a separate bath prior to mounting it on the test machine or by soaking the yarn mounted on the test machine
prior to beginning testing. If a separate bath is used, care must be taken to avoid damaging the yarn while mounting the yarn for
testing.
NOTE 1—The yarn test specification may give a different soak time for testing, with agreement of the interested parties. The yarn should not be soaked
for more than the specified time, as the abrasion resistance properties of some yarns is sensitive to the length of soak.
9. Procedure
9.1 Handle the test specimen carefully to avoid altering the natural state of the yarn, including the level of twist.
9.2 Mounting Specimen on Test Machine—Attach one end of the specimen to the drive motor crank or to an extension tether
attached to the crank. Place the specimen over the first upper guide pulley, around the opposite side of the lower guide pulley, under
that lower pulley, and across itself and over the second upper guide pulley. This preliminary crossed-yarn position is shown at the
left in Fig. 2.
NOTE 2—This position in which the yarn touches itself at the cross-over point but does not yet wrap around itself is referred to as the zero wrap position.
9.3 Mounting of Weight—Attach weights of sufficient mass to produce the prescribed applied tension to the other end of the
specimen.
9.4 Application of Yarn Interwraps—Place the fingers of a hand or a suitable support object within the bight formed by the yarn
passing under the lower pulley and temporarily re
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