ASTM F2375-09(2017)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2375 − 09 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Design, Manufacture, Installation and Testing of Climbing
Nets and Netting/Mesh used in Amusement Rides, Devices,
Play Areas and Attractions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2375; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope long as any significant design related failures or significant
design related safety issues have been mitigated. Thereafter,
1.1 This practice establishes performance specifications and
climb areas must qualify as “Service Proven” per Practice
performance standards for the design, manufacturing, and
F2291 or meet the requirements of this practice.
maintenance of netting and or mesh used in play areas and
systems designed for interactive play activities within amuse- 1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
ment attractions. as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
1.2 The range of users encompassed by this safety perfor-
and are not considered standard.
mance specification is 32 in. (0.81 m) (2 years old, 5th
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
percentile) through 50 in. (1.27 m) (8 years old, 50th
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
percentile), 50 in. (1.27 m) (8 years old, 50th percentile)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
through 64 in. (1.62 m) (12 years old 95th percentile), 32 in.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
(0.81 m) (2 years old, 5th percentile) through 64 in. (1.62 m)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(12 years old, 95th percentile), and 64 in. (1.62 m) (12-year
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
old, 95th percentile) through adult.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 The ages listed in this standard are intended to be used
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
as a guide for determining activities and use. The height
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
requirements are the governing factor.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.4 Home playground equipment, matrix nets, nets used
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
as/or in fencing, sports equipment, fitness equipment, play-
ground equipment covered by Consumer Safety Performance
2. Referenced Documents
SpecificationF1487andsoftcontainedplayequipment(SCPE)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
covered by Safety Performance Specification F1918 in areas
F747 Terminology Relating to Amusement Rides and De-
not covered by F24 standards are not included in this standard.
vices
1.5 This practice includes an appendix (non-mandatory),
F770 Practice for Ownership, Operation, Maintenance, and
which provides additional information (for example, rationale,
Inspection of Amusement Rides and Devices
background, interpretations, drawings, commentary, and so
F853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures for Amusement
forth.) to improve the user’s understanding and application of
Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2014)
the criteria presented in this practice. The appendix informa-
F893 Guide for Auditing Amusement Rides and Devices
tion shall not be interpreted as mandatory design criteria.
(Withdrawn 2013)
F1159 Practice for Design ofAmusement Rides and Devices
1.6 This standard is intended for new climb areas and major
that are Outside the Purview of Other F24 Design Stan-
modifications.
dards
1.7 Existing climb areas may qualify as compliant for five
F1193 Practice for Quality, Manufacture, and Construction
years following the date of this publication of this practice as
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F24 on Amusement For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Rides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.10 on Test contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2375 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
F2375-09R17. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2375 − 09 (2017)
of Amusement Rides and Devices described in 7.2, or the Class 2 barrier net requirements
F1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing described in 7.3, as determined by use.
Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment
4.4.2 No-hold netting is allowed providing it meets the
F1305 Guide for Classification of Amusement Ride and
requirements in 7.5, and is not necessary for use as a handhold.
Device Related Injuries and Illnesses (Withdrawn 2011)
Small mesh shall meet the Class 1 barrier net requirements
F1487 ConsumerSafetyPerformanceSpecificationforPlay-
described in 7.2 or the Class 2 barrier net requirements
ground Equipment for Public Use
described in 7.3.
F1918 Safety Performance Specification for Soft Contained
4.4.3 Two categories of barriers and standardized testing
Play Equipment
and rating of barriers is provided and are dependent on
F2291 PracticeforDesignofAmusementRidesandDevices
designedloadsasspecifiedbythedesignengineerofrecordfor
2.2 Other Standards:
selection and use.
ASSE/ANSIA10.11 Safety Requirements for Personnel and
4.4.4 Barrier nets/mesh are vertical nets intended to prevent
Debris Nets
both inadvertent and deliberate attempts to pass through the
CDC Growth Charts CDC Basic Body Measurements
device, or to contain persons within an area.
CI 1500 Test Methods for Fiber Rope
4.4.5 Class 1 Barrier Nets/Mesh:
NFPA701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propa-
7 4.4.5.1 Class 1 barrier nets/mesh are enclosures around an
gation of Textiles and Films
elevatedsurfacethathelpspassivelycontaintheusers(s)within
the bounded area, such as in soft contained play equipment,
3. Terminology
inflatable,orrailings.Typicallythesearesmallerpaneledareas.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.4.5.2 Class 1 barrier nets/mesh are allowed in more
3.1.1 safety net, n—net that is intended to arrest a falling
passive use areas, such as Soft Play units, additional security
person.
on railings, queue lines, etc.
4.4.6 Class 2 Barrier Nets/Mesh:
4. Material and Manufacture
4.4.6.1 Class 2 barrier nets/mesh shall be used in interactive
4.1 The manufacturer shall maintain a quality assurance
climbs where the barrier is a component of use. Examples are
program in conformance with Practice F1193.
mazes, bridges, ramps etc. such as found in typical amusement
4.2 Hardware and Structures—All metals, hardware and
park climbs, water parks, and zoo net areas.
supports shall meet the requirements per Section 4 of Con-
4.4.6.2 Typically these are larger netted enclosures around
sumer Safety Performance Specification F1487.
elevated surfaces such as a cabled bridge, ramp etc.
4.3 Climb Nets:
4.4.7 In areas such as bridges where no-hold netting is
4.3.1 Ropeclimbnetsshallbemanufacturedfromropewith
desired, a higher rating may be accomplished by installing the
aminimumdiameterorwidthof0.50in.(13mm)andbreaking
no-hold netting inside the Class 2 rated barrier.
strength of 3000 lb (1361 kg), per CI 1500-01, sections 11.1
4.5 Fire Retardant—Barrier and debris netting used in
through 11.5.
indoorapplicationsshallbefireretardant,andshallmeetNFPA
4.3.2 Web climb nets shall be manufactured from webbing
701 method 2 (large scale test) for outdoor use unless a
with a minimum width of 1.0 in. (25 mm) and breaking
different standard is required by local, state, or federal law.
strength of 3000 lb (1361 kg).
4.3.3 All nodes shall be fixed and incapable of sliding along
4.6 No-Hold Netting—Openings in the mesh of no-hold
rope, web, or netting material.
netting shall be designed to prevent entrapment of fingers or
4.3.4 The nodes shall be either be soft and flexible, or shall
toes,orsnaringofbuttonsnormallyusedinchildren’sclothing.
not extend more than 0.25 in. (6 mm) above the top net rope
Mesh openings shall meet the testing requirements in 7.4.
surface. Nodes shall meet the testing requirements in 7.6.
4.7 Debris Net—Debris netting shall be capable of catching
4.4 Barrier Nets:
items that, if dropped, may cause a hazard to users below, as
4.4.1 The interior hole size of Class 1 barrier net or Class 2
determined by the owner/operator, and must meet the require-
barrier rated barrier net must be larger than 1.25 in. (32 mm),
ments in 7.2 or 7.3 as determined by the designer/engineer of
or meet the requirements of the prototype test procedure
record, and based on use.
described in 7.4 for maximum hole size of no-hold netting and
4.8 Safety Nets:
must meet the test requirements of 7.1, and the strength
requirements of either the Class 1 barrier net requirements
4.8.1 Anynetthatishunghorizontallyandisintendedto,or
may be required to, arrest a fall shall meet the requirements of
ASSE/ANSI A10.11 and the test procedure described in 7.5.
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4.8.2 The net mesh for safety nets shall be attached to a
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
border rope with a minimum breaking strength of 5000 lb
Available from Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton
Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, http://www.cdc.gov.
(2268 kg). The attached mesh shall be individually attached to
Available from Cordage Institute, 994 Old Eagle School Road, Suite 1019,
the border rope in a manner that will prevent it from sliding or
Wayne, PA 19087, http://www.ropecord.com/.
moving on the border rope.The fastening method shall meet or
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. exceed the strength of the material the mesh is made of.
F2375 − 09 (2017)
5. General Design and Manufacture Requirements 7.1.2.1 Testing is assumed to be conducted without guests
on the nets. Testing can be conducted with or without the
5.1 Netting represented as complying with this performance
weight of the person conducting the test, depending on access
standard shall meet all applicable requirements specified
to the testing locations.
herein.Anyone representing compliance with this specification
7.1.3 Backer nets shall not be used as part of the climbing
shall keep such essential records as are necessary to document
surface to bring the climbing net into compliance with test
any claim that the requirements within this specification have
requirements described in 7.1.1.
been met.
7.2 Prototype Test for a Class 1 Barrier and No-hold
5.2 Netting manufacturers shall include a certificate of
Netting:
compliance that the net’s material meets the requirements of
7.2.1 Class 1 barrier net or no-hold net shall be prototype
this standard. The certificate shall include: (1) Name of
tested. The test shall consist of two drops of a test as described
manufacturer, (2) Identification of net material, (3) Date
in 7.2.2 – 7.2.4.After the drops are completed, and the weight
manufactured, (4) Date of prototype test, (5) Designation of
is removed there shall be no broken strands fraying of the
test method, (6) Name of the testing agency, and (7) Serial
mesh, knots, nodes, or damaged bars. The net manufacturer
number or Batch number.
shall provide certification of this test and material compliance
5.2.1 Safety, climb nets, and bordered barrier nets shall be
per 5.2.
permanently labeled with the information in 5.2.
7.2.2 AClass 1 barrier net or no-hold net shall be secured in
5.3 Netted areas shall meet requirements per Practice
a non-movable manner in a rigid frame 4 by 4 ft (1.22 by 1.22
F2291-05, Section 1, sub-sections 1.3, 1.4, 1.5; Section 2, all
m). The test frame shall providea4by 4-ft (1.22 by 1.22-m)
sub-sections; Section 3, sub-sections 3.1.5, 3.1.10, 3.1.13,
inside opening appropriate for hanging net. The net shall not
3.1.14, 3.1.16, 3.1.20, 3.1.22, 3.1.24, 3.1.25, 3.1.28; Section 5,
contact any surface during the test.
sub-sections 5.1 through 5.1.1.2, 5.1.2 through 5.1.4, 5.2
7.2.3 When hung in accordance with 7.2.2, the net shall not
through 5.2.1.1, 5.4 through 5.5.2; Section 6, sub-sections 6.1
sag more than 3 in. at its center before the first drop. The net
through 6.1.2, 6.2.1, 6.6.1 through 6.6.2.1, 6.6.2.3 through
edge shall be level. It is understood and acceptable for sag to
6.6.2.5, 6.6.3, 6.6.3.2 through 6.7; Section 8, all sub-sections;
be present after the first or second drop.
Section 13, sub-sections 13.2.11, 13.3, 13.3.2, 13.3.4 through
7.2.4 A50-lb (23 kg) bag of sand, 24 6 2 in. (0.61 m 6 51
13.3.8, 13.3.10, 13.3.11, 13.3.16, 13.3.17; Section 14, all sub
mm) in diameter and no more than 12 in. (0.30 m) high, shall
sections; Section 15, all sub-sections; and Section 16, all
bedroppedintothenetfromaheightof8ft(2.44m)abovethe
sub-sections.
net surface at center point of the net.
5.4 Netted areas shall meet requirements per Practice
7.3 Prototype Test Procedure for a Class 2 Barrier Net:
F2291-05 specific to the ride or device which may include but
not be limited to: hydraulics, pneumatics, electrical. 7.3.1 Class 2 barrier net shall be prototype tested. The test
shallconsistoftwodropsofatestasdescribedin7.3.2–7.3.4.
6. Performance Requirements After the drops are completed, and the weight is removed there
shallbenobrokenstrandsfrayingofthemesh,knots,nodes,or
6.1 Foot, Arm, Head, and Neck Entrapment—Netted areas
damaged bars. The net manufacturer shall provide certification
shall be designed and constructed or assembled so that any
of this test and material compliance per 5.2.
accessible net opening shall meet the performance require-
7.3.2 AClass 2 barrier net shall be secured by each mesh, in
ments per Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487
a non-movable manner in a rigid frame 4 by 4 ft (1.22 by 1.22
and test requirements in 7.1, 7.4,or 7.7 of this standard, based
m). The test frame shall providea4by 4-ft (1.22 by 1.22-m)
on intended age range.
inside opening appropriate for hanging the net. The net shall
not contact any surface during the test.
7. Test Procedures
7.3.3 When hung in accordance with 7.3.2, the net shall not
7.1 Climb Net or Barrier Net:
sag more than 3 in. at its center before the first drop. The net
7.1.1 In Place Test Procedure—Place the foot probe (Fig.
edge shall be level. It is understood and acceptable for sag to
A1.1) in the opening, tapered-end first, with the plane of its
be present after the first or second drop.
base parallel to the plane of the opening; rotate the probe to its
7.3.4 A 250-lb (113 kg) bag of sand, 24 6 2 in. (0.61 m 6
most adverse orientation (that is, the major axis of the base of
51 mm) in diameter and no more than 24 in. (0.61 m) high,
the probe parallel to the major axis of the opening); apply a
shall be dropped into the net from a height of 8 ft (2.44 m)
force of 50 lb (23 kg.) to the probe to attempt to pass it through
above the net surface at center point of the net.
theopening.Aclimborbarriernetpassesthetestiftheopening
does not allow the foot probe (Fig. A1.1) to be inserted so 7.4 Prototype Test Procedure for Maximum Hole Size of
No-Hold Netting:
deeply that the opening admits the base of the probe when it is
rotated to any orientation about its own axis.Aclimb or barrier
7.4.1 The hole entry resistance of the no-hold netting shall
net fails the test if the opening allows full passage of the foot
be such that it will prevent the user(s) fingers or toes from
probe (Fig. A1.1).
becoming inadvertently caught or entangled in the net.Amesh
7.1.2 Climb nets and barrier nets shall meet this standard opening shall not admit a 0.37-in. (9.5-mm) diameter rod with
during commission and throughout its life cycle. full-radius tip, when tested in accordance with 7.4.2 and 7.4.3.
F2375 − 09 (2017)
The manufacturer shall provide certification of this test and 8.1.1 Attachment methods for attaching climb nets, barrier
material compliance per 5.2. nets, backer nets, and debris nets to their supports such as
cables, ropes, pipes, etc. shall meet or exceed the tested rating
7.4.2 The no-hold netting shall be secured in a rigid 10 by
10-in. (0.25 by 0.25 m) opening 60.50 in. (13 mm).The frame of the net’s rope, webbing, or cord per 4.3.1 or 4.3.2, as they
apply to the material being used.
shall be elevated sufficiently to prevent the net, when hung,
from contacting any surface below the net during the test.
8.1.2 The nets may be lashed, hung, woven or tied to the
7.4.3 Gradually apply a force of 10 lb (45 N) to the center support member or together. The fastening method, lashing,
most adverse location in the mesh hole.Apply the above force
and/or fastening devices must meet or exceed the strength of
in 10 random locations. The net must not accept the test rod at the material the net is made of per 4.3.1 or 4.3.2, as they apply
any time.
to the material being used.
8.1.2.1 If the strength of the netting material being used
7.5 Prototype Test Procedure for a Safety Net:
exceeds the minimum strength as required per 4.3.1 or 4.3.2,
7.5.1 The safety net shall be prototype test. The test s
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