ASTM F2569-07

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An American National Standard
Designation:F2569–07
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Force Reduction Properties of Surfaces for
Athletic Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2569; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 test surface, n—athletic surface upon which force
reduction testing is conducted (for example, indoor wood
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement
courts, poured urethane courts, walk/jog tracks, and so forth).
and normalization of impact forces generated through a me-
chanical impact test on an athletic surface. The impact forces
4. Summary of Test Method
simulated in this test method are intended to represent those
4.1 The dynamic interaction between the athlete and the
produced by lower extremities of an athlete during landing
surface is significant to the performance, comfort, and possibly
events on sport or athletic surfaces.
the safety of the athlete. Therefore, the ability of the surface to
1.2 This test method may be applied to any surface where
reduce impact forces is important. This test method provides a
athletic activity may be conducted.
non-destructive means for evaluating the force reduction prop-
1.3 The test methods described are applicable in both
erties of a surface in both laboratory and field settings. Impact
laboratory and field settings.
forces are recorded by releasing a 20 kg mass and allowing it
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
to impact a spring resting on a test foot resting on the surface.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
The force reduction of the surface is presented as a percentage
only.
of the reduction in the impact forces produced on the test
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
surface, compared to the impact force generated on a rigid
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
surface. This test method is more closely associated with the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
impacts generated by the lower extremities, and is not an
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
indication of the ability of the test surface to prevent head
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
injury trauma.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 DIN Standard:
5.1 The force reduction property is just one of the important
DIN 18032-2 Halls for Gymnastics, Games and Multipur-
properties of a surface used for athletic activity. It may be an
pose Use, Part 2: Sports Floors, Requirements, Testing
indicator of the performance, safety, comfort, or suitability of
3. Terminology the surface.
5.2 Manufacturers of athletic surfaces may use this test
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
method to evaluate the effects of design changes on the impact
3.1.1 force reduction, n—ability of a surface to reduce
forces generated on the surface.
impact forces as compared to a rigid surface using a specified
5.3 Facility owners may use this standard to evaluate the
impact. Force reduction expresses the difference between the
performance of existing sport/athletic surfaces. Results may be
impact forces generated on the test and rigid surfaces as the
useful during the selection process for a replacement surface,
percentage of the impact force from the rigid surface.
or for an additional athletic surface being added to the facility.
3.1.2 rigid surface, n—concrete surface covered by a steel
5.4 Facility owners may also use this test method to verify
plate used as the basis for measuring force reduction.
that newly installed surfaces perform at or near the levels
included in project specifications.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
6. Apparatus
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.52 on
Miscellaneous Playing Surfaces.
6.1 Force Reduction Test Apparatus—This test method
Current edition approved July 15, 2007. Published August 2007. DOI: 10.1520/
utilizes a force reduction test device similar to the one outlined
F2569-07.
2 in DIN 18032-2.The force reduction device is shown in Fig. 1.
Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN-- DIN Deutsches Institut fur
Normunge.V.),Burggrafenstrasse6,10787,Berlin,Germany,http://www.en.din.de. A mass of 20 kg is allowed to fall onto an anvil, which
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2569–07
1 = drop mass and striker
2 = guide rod
3 = spring
4 = upper end-cap
5 = bottom end-cap
6 = test foot
7 = adjustable support
8 = height adjustment and
release mechanism
9 = load cell
10 = housing sleeve
11 = guide hole
FIG. 1 Force Reduction Test Apparatus
transmits the load via a spring to a test foot resting on the N, 2000 N, 4000 N, 6000 N, 8000 N, and 10 000 N (45 lb, 448
surface. The foot is fitted with a force transducer that enables
lb, 897 lb, 1346 lb, 1794 lb, and 2243 lb).
thepeakforceduringtheimpacteventtoberecorded.Thepeak
6.1.1.4 Upper spring end-cap made of hardened steel with a
force is compared with the result obtained on a rigid floor, and
diameter of 70.0 6 0.1 mm (2.75 6 0.004 in.).
thepercentageofforcereductioncalculatedforthetestsurface.
6.1.1.5 Bottom spring end-cap made of hardened steel to
6.1.1 The apparatus shall conform to the following require-
contact the load-cell with a diameter of 70.0 6 0.1 mm (2.75
ments:
60.004in.).Thefaceofthisend-capthatcontactstheloadcell
6.1.1.1 Falling mass with a striker screwed into the bottom
may be made flat, or it may have a recess milled into it to fit a
sideofthemass.Thestrikerhasadiameterof50 610mm(2.0
load-button on the load cell.
6 0.4 in.) and a length of 75 6 25 mm (3 6 1 in.). The total
6.1.1.6 Test foot diameter 70.0 6 0.1 mm (2.75 6 0.004
mass of the falling weight and the striker is 20 6 0.05 kg (44
6 0.1 lb); in.), thickness 12 6 1 mm (0.47 6 0.04 in.) with a radius of
6.1.1.2 Ensure the drop mass travels in a vertical path from 500 6 50 mm (20 6 2.0 in.) and filleted edges with a radius of
release to impact, such as by using guide rods; 1 6 1 mm (0.004 6 0.004 in.);
6.1.1.3 Spring withaspringrate2000 6100kN/m(11 420
6.1.1.7 Adjustable support with three contact points (spaced
6 571 lb/in.), an outside diameter of 70.0 6 0.1 mm (2.75 6
120 6 5°) to set apparatus vertical (62°), such as by using a
0.004 in.), a free length of 75 6 10 mm (3.95 6 0.39 in.);
pair of calibrated levels with a minimum distance of 600 mm
(1) Spring rate shall be determined by linear regression
(24 in.) between the falling axis and the axis of the contact
throughforce-deflectiondatarecordedthefollowingloads;200
points;
6.1.1.8 Capable of producing a drop height between 22.0
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time mm (0.87 in.) and 88.0 mm (3.46 in.) with a lifting facility to
is Rein Kratmessegerate, D-89150 Laichingen, Gottlieb-Diamler-Str. 62 Germany.
hold and release the drop mass and to adjust the drop height
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
between bottom of the striker and the upper spring end-cap to
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. an accuracy of 0.25 mm (0.01 in.);
F2569–07
6.1.1.9 Mass of test foot and load cell and spring, end-caps large and that test points are sufficiently far from the edge of
and any other attached components shall be 3.0 6 0.5 kg (6.6 the sample that edge effects are prevented from altering the
6 1.1 lb); outcome of the tests.
6.1.1.10 Housing sleeve that ensures the axis of the spring
8. Procedure
and the load-cell are collinear. Housing sleeve length sufficient
to extend below the spring over the load-cell and cover a
8.1 Because of the definition of the rigid surface, t
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