ASTM D1648-86(2020)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Basic Lead Silicochromate Pigment
Standard Specification for Basic Lead Silicochromate Pigment
ABSTRACT
This specification covers two types of pigment commercially known as basic lead silicochromate. Both types of pigment shall consist of silica coated with lead licates and lead chromates with mass color and character, and oil absorption equal to that of a reference sample as agreed upon by the purchaser and seller. Specimens shall be sampled, prepared, and undergo chemical analysis to test their conformance with specified compositions of lead oxide, chromium trioxide, silica, and moisture and other volatile matter. Materials shall also be tested for ignition loss, specific surface diameter, and particle loss by microscopic methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of pigment commercially known as basic lead silicochromate.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-May-2020
- Technical Committee
- D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
- Drafting Committee
- D01.31 - Pigment Specifications
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2020
- Refers
ASTM D1366-86(2019) - Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments - Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2019
- Refers
ASTM D1844-86(2014) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Basic Lead Silicochromate - Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2014
- Refers
ASTM D1366-86(2012) - Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments - Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2012
- Refers
ASTM D1844-86(2008) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Basic Lead Silicochromate - Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2008
- Refers
ASTM D1366-86(2007) - Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments - Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2007
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2007
- Refers
ASTM D1844-86(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Basic Lead Silicochromate - Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2003
- Refers
ASTM D1366-86(2003) - Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments - Effective Date
- 10-May-2003
- Refers
ASTM D1844-86(1999) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Basic Lead Silicochromate - Effective Date
- 10-Jul-1999
- Refers
ASTM D1366-86(1997) - Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments - Effective Date
- 10-Nov-1997
- Effective Date
- 10-Nov-1996
- Effective Date
- 10-Nov-1996
Overview
ASTM D1648-86(2020): Standard Specification for Basic Lead Silicochromate Pigment defines requirements and testing procedures for two commercially significant types of basic lead silicochromate pigments. These pigments primarily consist of silica coated with lead silicates and lead chromates. They are widely used in paints, coatings, and industrial applications where specific pigment properties such as color consistency, particle size, and composition are critical.
Developed by ASTM International following globally recognized standardization principles, this specification ensures uniform quality and performance. Users, including manufacturers and formulators, rely on this standard to achieve regulatory compliance, maintain product quality, and support consistent supply chain practices.
Key Topics
Pigment Types: The standard covers two main types of basic lead silicochromate pigment:
- Type 1 (Regular Particle Size): Characterized by particles primarily in the 6.5–28 µm range, with coarse particles over 45 µm making up less than 0.3% by weight.
- Type 2 (Fine Particle Size): Composed mainly of particles below 1.0–2.5 µm, with coarse particles over 45 µm limited to 0.1% or less by weight.
Composition Requirements: Both types must meet defined ranges for key constituents:
- Lead oxide (PbO)
- Chromium trioxide (CrO₃)
- Silica (SiO₂)
- Moisture and other volatile matter
Physical Properties:
- Color and Tint: Mass color and tint must match an agreed reference sample.
- Oil Absorption: Oil absorption properties must be equivalent to the reference sample.
- Particle Size: Defined specific surface diameter (SSD) maximums (8.5 µm for Type 1, 2.0 µm for Type 2).
- Ignition Loss: Testing for loss on ignition at 450–550°C ensures purity and evaluates volatile content.
Sampling and Testing:
- Random sampling procedures ensure representation across lots or batches.
- Test methods are standardized or mutually agreed upon, including chemical analysis and microscopic particle size assessment.
Applications
Basic lead silicochromate pigments specified in ASTM D1648-86(2020) are primarily used in:
- Industrial Paints and Coatings: The pigments offer enhanced durability, distinct coloration, and specific chemical resistance, making them ideal for protective coatings on metal, wood, or masonry surfaces.
- Specialty Finishes: Used in applications requiring stable, high-opacity yellow or orange coloration.
- Regulated Environments: The specification provides a benchmark for compliance in regions where coating composition and performance are regulated, supporting both buyer and seller requirements.
Consistent adherence to this standard helps manufacturers create high-performance coating formulations, providing confidence in product quality and reliability.
Related Standards
- ASTM D1208: Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain Pigments
- ASTM D1366: Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments
- ASTM D1844: Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Basic Lead Silicochromate
- ASTM E20 (Withdrawn): Practice for Particle Size Analysis by Optical Microscopy
These referenced standards reinforce methods for measuring chemical composition, particle size, and other critical pigment properties, supporting the effective implementation of ASTM D1648-86(2020) in quality control and product development processes.
Keywords: basic lead silicochromate, ASTM D1648, lead chromate pigment, silica pigments, industrial coatings, pigment testing, particle size, chemical composition, oil absorption.
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D1648-86(2020) is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Basic Lead Silicochromate Pigment". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers two types of pigment commercially known as basic lead silicochromate. Both types of pigment shall consist of silica coated with lead licates and lead chromates with mass color and character, and oil absorption equal to that of a reference sample as agreed upon by the purchaser and seller. Specimens shall be sampled, prepared, and undergo chemical analysis to test their conformance with specified compositions of lead oxide, chromium trioxide, silica, and moisture and other volatile matter. Materials shall also be tested for ignition loss, specific surface diameter, and particle loss by microscopic methods. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers two types of pigment commercially known as basic lead silicochromate. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification covers two types of pigment commercially known as basic lead silicochromate. Both types of pigment shall consist of silica coated with lead licates and lead chromates with mass color and character, and oil absorption equal to that of a reference sample as agreed upon by the purchaser and seller. Specimens shall be sampled, prepared, and undergo chemical analysis to test their conformance with specified compositions of lead oxide, chromium trioxide, silica, and moisture and other volatile matter. Materials shall also be tested for ignition loss, specific surface diameter, and particle loss by microscopic methods. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers two types of pigment commercially known as basic lead silicochromate. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D1648-86(2020) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D1648-86(2020) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D1648-86(2014), ASTM D1366-86(2019), ASTM D1208-96(2019), ASTM D1844-86(2014), ASTM D1366-86(2012), ASTM D1208-96(2012), ASTM D1844-86(2008), ASTM D1366-86(2007), ASTM D1208-96(2007), ASTM D1844-86(2003), ASTM D1366-86(2003), ASTM D1844-86(1999), ASTM D1366-86(1997), ASTM D1208-96(2002), ASTM D1208-96. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D1648-86(2020) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1648 −86 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Basic Lead Silicochromate Pigment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1648; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope that of a reference sample mutually agreed upon by the
purchaser and the seller.
1.1 This specification covers two types of pigment commer-
cially known as basic lead silicochromate. 3.3 The oil absorption shall be equal, within agreed upon
tolerances, to that of a reference sample agreed upon by the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
purchaser and the seller.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. 3.4 Particle Size:
3.4.1 Type 1—This grade is characterized by major amounts
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
of particles in the 6.5- to 28-µm range. Coarse particles
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
retained on a 45-µm (No. 325) sieve shall be less than 0.3 %.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Themaximumspecificsurfacediameter(SSD)shallbe8.5µm.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.4.2 Type 2—This grade is characterized by major amounts
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of fine-sized particles. In general, the maximum size is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
essentially below 1.0 to 2.5 µm. Coarse particles retained on a
45-µm (No. 325) sieve shall be less than 0.1 %. The maximum
2. Referenced Documents
Specific Surface Diameter (SSD) shall be 2.0 µm.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.4.3 Where closer control within a grade is required, the
D1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain
fineness requirements shall be as agreed upon by the purchaser
Pigments
and the seller.
D1366 PracticeforReportingParticleSizeCharacteristicsof
Pigments 4. Sampling
D1844 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Basic Lead
4.1 Two samples shall be taken at random from different
Silicochromate
packages from each lot, batch, day’s pack, or other unit of
E20 Practice for Particle Size Analysis of Particulate Sub-
production in a shipment. When no markings distinguishing
stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 Micrometres by Optical
between units of a production appear, samples shall be taken
Microscopy (Withdrawn 1994)
from different packages, in the ratio of two samples for each
5000 kg (10 000 lb), except that for shipments of less than
3. Composition and Properties
10 000 lb two samples shall be taken. At the option of the
3.1 Both types of pigment shall consist of silica coated with
purchaser, the samples may be tested separately or after
lead silicates and lead chromates and shall conform to the
blending in equal quantities the samples from the same
requirements in Table 1.
production unit to form a composite sample.
3.2 The mass color and character of the tint obtained by
5. Test Methods
mixing the pigment with a white pigment shall be the
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