ASTM B417-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an important physical characteristic of a powder known as the apparent density. The measured apparent density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity. The degree of correlation between the results of this test and the performance of powders during use may vary with each particular application. Note, however, that the presence of moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the temperature of the powder mass may alter the physical characteristics of the powder.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the apparent density of non-free-flowing metal powders. It is designed for those metal powders that do not freely flow through the Hall flowmeter funnel.
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only, and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B417 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using
1
the Carney Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* powder per unit volume is determined and reported as apparent
density, Carney (AD ).
C
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
apparent density of non-free-flowing metal powders. It is
5. Significance and Use
designed for those metal powders that do not freely flow
5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an
through the Hall flowmeter funnel.
important physical characteristic of a powder known as the
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the
apparent density. The measured apparent density bears a
mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram
3 relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume
per cubic centimeter (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-
die cavity.The degree of correlation between the results of this
standingindustrypractice,thevaluesininch-poundunitsareto
test and the performance of powders during use may vary with
be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
each particular application. Note, however, that the presence of
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the tempera-
information only, and are not considered standard.
ture of the powder mass may alter the physical characteristics
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of the powder.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3
6.1 Powder Flowmeter —A Carney Flowmeter(Fig. 1).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
6.2 Density Cup —Acylindrical brass cup (Fig. 2) having a
3
2. Referenced Documents
capacity of 25 cm .The actual cup volume shall be determined
2
according to Test Method B873.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
6.3 Stand—A stand (Fig. 1) to support the powder funnel
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
concentric with the density cup so that the bottom of the
B873 Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Den-
powder funnel is approximately 25 mm (1 in.) above the top of
sity Cup Used in Test Methods B 212, B 329, and B 417
the density cup when the apparatus is assembled as shown in
Fig. 1.
3. Terminology
6.4 Workbench—A level, vibration-free table or workbench
3.1 Definitions—Terms in Terminology B243 are applicable
to support the powder flowmeter stand.
to this test method.
6.5 Balance, readable to 0.001 g, with a minimum capacity
4. Summary of Test Method of 200 g capable of determining the mass to the nearest 0.01 g.
4.1 Avolumeofpowderispermittedtoflowintoacontainer 6.6 Wire, approximately 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) in diameter by
of definite volume under controlled conditions. The mass of 150 mm (6 in.) in length.
6.7 Spatula or straight edge—A non-magnetic spatula or
1 straight edge of suitable dimensions for leveling off the excess
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit- powder on top of the density cup.
tee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B417 – 00(2006)E01.
3
DOI: 10.1520/B0417-11. The sole source of supply of the flowmeter funnel, density cup, and stand
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or known to the committee at this time is Acu Powder International, LLC. If you are
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on tional Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting
1
the ASTM website. of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B417 − 11
entering the density cup. The density cup should not be moved
during the filling operation.
8.3 When the powder completely fills
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:B417–00 (Reapproved 2006) Designation:B417–11
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using
1
the Carney Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Footnote 3 was editorially updated in May 2006.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the apparent density of non-free-flowing metal powders. It is designed
for those metal powders that do not freely flow through the Hall flowmeter funnel.
1.2
1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic
3
centimeter (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only, and are
not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B873 Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Density Cup Used in Test Methods B 212, B 329, and B 417
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms in Terminology B243 are applicable to this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1A container of definite volume is filled with non-free-flowing powder under controlled conditions. The mass of powder per
unit volume is determined and reported as apparent density, Carney.
4.1 A volume of powder is permitted to flow into a container of definite volume under controlled conditions. The mass of
powder per unit volume is determined and reported as apparent density, Carney (AD ).
C
5. Significance and Use
5.1This test method provides a guide for evaluation of the apparent density physical characteristic of powders. The density
measured bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity when parts are being made.The degree
of correlation between the results of this test method and the quality of powders in use will vary with each particular application.
5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an important physical characteristic of a powder known as the apparent
density. The measured apparent density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity. The
degree of correlation between the results of this test and the performance of powders during use may vary with each particular
application. Note, however, that the presence of moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the temperature of the powder
mass may alter the physical characteristics of the powder.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved AprilOct. 1, 2006.2011. Published May 2006.November 2011. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as
B417 – 00(2006)E01. DOI: 10.1520/B0417-00R06E01.10.1520/B0417-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B417–11
6. Apparatus
3
6.1 Powder FunnelPowder Flowmeter —A Carney funnel (—A Carney Flowmeter(Fig. 1).
3
3
6.2 Density Cup —A cylindrical brass cup (Fig. 2) having a capacity of 25 cm . The actual cup volume shall be determined
according to Test Method B873.
6.3 Stand—A stand (Fig. 1) to support the powder funnel concentric with the density cup so that the bottom of the powder
funnel is approximately 25 mm (1 in.) above the t
...
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