ASTM D5842-23

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5842 − 19 D5842 − 23
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 8.4
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5842; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment for obtaining, mixing, and handling representative samples of volatile fuels for
the purpose of testing for compliance with the standards set forth for volatility related measurements applicable to light fuels.
1.2 The applicable dry vapor pressure equivalent range of this practice is 13 kPa to 110 kPa (2 psia to 16 psia).
1.3 This practice is applicable to the sampling, mixing, and handling of reformulated fuels including those containing oxygenates.
This practice is not applicable to crude oil. For the sampling of crude oil, refer to Practice D4057/API MPMS Chapter 8.1, Practice
D4177/API MPMS Chapter 8.2, and Practice D8009/API MPMS Chapter 8.5.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except in some cases where drawings may show inch-pound
measurements, which are customary for that equipment.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.3)
D7717 Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum Measurement,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API).
This practice has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures. This practice was issued
as a joint ASTM-API standard in 1995.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019Oct. 1, 2023. Published December 2019February 2024. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20172019
as D5842 – 17.D5842 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D5842-19.10.1520/D5842-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
© Jointly copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA and the American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L Street NW, Washington DC 20005, USA
D5842 − 23
D8009 Practice for Manual Piston Cylinder Sampling for Volatile Crude Oils, Condensates, and Liquid Petroleum Products (API
MPMS Chapter 8.5)
2.2 API Standards:
MPMS Chapter 1 Terms and Definitions Database
MPMS Chapter 8.1—Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)
MPMS Chapter 8.2—Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)
MPMS Chapter 8.3—Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM
Practice D5854)
MPMS Chapter 8.5—Practice for Manual Piston Cylinder Sampling for Volatile Crude Oils, Condensates, and Liquid Petroleum
Products (ASTM Practice D8009)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D4175 and API MPMS Ch 1 Terms and Definitions
Database.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bottom sample, n—a sample obtained from the material at the bottom of the tank, container, or line at its lowest point.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
In practice the term bottom sample has a variety of meanings. As a result, it is recommended that the exact sampling location (for
example, 15 cm [6 in.] from the bottom) should be specified when using this term.
3.2.2 dead legs, n—sections of pipe that, by design, do not allow for the flow of material through them.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
Dead legs are not suitable for obtaining representative samples.
3.2.3 dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE), n—value calculated by a defined correlation equation, that is expected to be
comparable to the vapor pressure value obtained by Test Method D4953, Procedure A.
3.2.4 flush, v—to fill the volume of the line or container with the liquid and discard it. In the case of flushing a bottle, it should
be filled at least 80 % full.
3.2.5 relief lines, n—sections of pipe that lead to a pressure/vacuum relief valve.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—
Relief lines are not suitable for obtaining representative samples.
3.2.6 rinse, v—to thoroughly wet the interior surfaces of the sampling container with the material being sampled and then discard
the liquid. Approximately 10 % of the container volume is adequate for this purpose.
3.2.7 stand pipes, n—vertical sections of pipe or tubing extending from the gaging platform to near the bottom of tanks that are
equipped with external or internal floating roofs. Stand pipes also may be found on ships and barges.
3.2.7.1 Discussion—
Stand pipes which are not slotted or perforated will not yield representative samples. Further information on proper stand pipe
design is given in 6.4.3.
3.2.8 Other sample definitions are given in Practice D4057/API MPMS Chapter 8.1.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 It is necessary that the samples be representative of the fuel in question. The basic principle of each sampling procedure
involves obtaining a sample in such a manner and from such locations in the tank or other container that the sample will be
representative of the fuel. A summary of the sampling procedures and their application is presented in Table 1. Each procedure is
suitable for sampling a material under definite storage, transportation, or container conditions. The precautions required to ensure
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
D5842 − 23
TABLE 1 Summary of Gasoline Sampling Procedures and
Applicability
Type of Container Procedure Paragraph
Storage tanks, ship and barge all-levels sampling 7.2.1.2
tanks, tank cars, tank trucks
running sample 7.2.1.2
upper, middle and lower 7.2.1.2
samples
top sample 7.2.1.2
grab sampling 7.5
Storage tanks with taps tap sampling 7.2.2
Pipes and lines line sampling 7.3
automatic sampling 7.4
grab sampling 7.5
Retail outlet and wholesale nozzle sampling 7.6
purchaser-consumer facility
storage tanks
the representative character of the samples are numerous and depend upon the tank, carrier, container, or line from which the
sample is being obtained, the type and cleanliness of the sample container, and the sampling procedure that is to be used.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The vapor pressure parameters of volatile motor fuels are regulated by federal and state air pollution control agencies. In order
to meet the letter of these regulations, it is necessary to sample, handle, and test these products in the precise manner as prescribed
in this practice.
NOTE 1—This practice is not limited to dry vapor pressure equivalent testing for volatility. Dry vapor pressure equivalent is used to define the range for
the sample matrix.
6. General Comments
6.1 Sample Containers:
6.1.1 Sample containers are clear or brown glass bottles, fluorinated high-density polyethylene bottles, or metal cans. The clear
glass bottle is advantageous because it is easily examined visually for cleanliness, and also makes visual inspection of the sample
for free water or solid impurities possible. The brown glass bottle affords some protection from light. The only seamed cans
acceptable are those with the seams soldered on the exterior surface.
6.1.2 Screw caps of plastic or metal shall be used for all glass bottles. The caps for glass and metal containers shall have a seal
to provide a vapor-tight closure. Inverted cone polyseals, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-faced media, or other materials that will
not be affected by petroleum products shall be used as seals. If used, cork seals shall be of good quality, be clean, have an intact
sealing surface that is faced with tin or aluminum foil, and be free from holes and loose bits of cork. The fluorinated bottles are
supplied with polypropylene screw caps. Regardless of the bottle or can type, the screw cap shall be selected to ensure the sample
integrity for the duration of the sample retain period.
6.1.3 Sample size is dictated by the test method to be performed. One litre (32 oz) bottles or cans are generally used for manual
vapor pressure testing. Some vapor pressure methods may allow a smaller sample size to be taken, such as in a 125 mL (4 oz)
bottle. See Fig. 1.
6.1.4 All sample containers shall be absolutely clean and free of foreign matter. Before reusing a container, wash it with strong
soap solution, rinse it thoroughly with tap water, and finally with distilled water. Dry completely and stopper, or cap, the container
immediately.
6.2 Sampling Apparatus—Sampling apparatus is described in detail under each of the specific sampling procedures. Clean, dry,
and free all sampling apparatus from any substance that might contaminate the material. If necessary, use the cleaning procedure
described in 6.4.
6.3 Time and Place of Sampling:
D5842 − 23
FIG. 1 Nozzle Extension for Nozzle Sampling with 4 oz Bottle
6.3.1 Storage Tanks—When loading or discharging fuels, take samples from both shipping and receiving tanks, and from the
pipelines if required.
6.3.2 Ship or Barge Tanks—Sample each product after the vessel is loaded or just before unloading.
6.3.3 Tank Cars—Sample the product after the car is loaded or just before unloading.
NOTE 2—Time, place, and other details of sampling not covered in this practice are normally determined by contractual agreement or regulatory
requirements.
6.4 Obtaining Samples:
6.4.1 Extreme care and good judgment are necessary to ensure samples that represent the general character and average condition
of the material. Use lint-free wiping cloths to prevent contaminating samples.
6.4.2 Many petroleum vapors are toxic and flammable. Avoid breathing them or igniting them from an open flame or a spark.
Follow all safety precautions specific to the material being sampled.
6.4.3 Do not sample dead legs or relief lines. Do not sample stand pipes that are not slotted or perforated. Fig. 2 is an example
FIG. 2 Slotted Stand Pipe
D5842 − 23
of an adequately slotted stand pipe. At a minimum, the stand pipe should have two rows of slots slightly staggered in the vertical
plane.
6.4.4 Rinse or flush sample containers with product and allow it to drain before drawing the sample. A rinse is performed to
pre-load the sample container with vapors when the temperature of the sample and the sample container are equal. A flush is
performed to bring the temperature of the sample container to that of the sample, which in turn pre-loads the container with vapors
of the material. If the sample is to be transferred to another container (for testing other than DVPE), the sampling apparatus also
is rinsed with some of the product and drained. When the sample is emptied into this container, upend the sampling apparatus into
the opening of the sample container.
6.5 Handling Samples:
6.5.1 Protect all samples of light fuels from evaporation. The sampling apparatus is the sample container for vapor pressure. Keep
the container tightly closed after the sample is collected. Leaking sample containers are not suitable for testing. Cool volatile
samples to 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) after delivery to the laboratory and before opening the container. Maintain at this
temperature throughout transfer and handling, if at all possible.
6.5.2 Never completely fill a sample container. Fill the container to 70 % to 85 % capacity to allow adequate room for expansion.
Subsequent testing for vapor pressur
...