iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D7728-11

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selection of ASTM Analytical Methods for Implementation of International Cyanide Management Code Guidance

Standard Guide for Selection of ASTM Analytical Methods for Implementation of International Cyanide Management Code Guidance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended as a means for selecting the proper methods for measuring cyanide to conform to the International Cyanide Management Code guidance related to the analysis of cyanide bearing solutions. Cyanide is analyzed in process solutions and in discharges in order to apply code guidance; however, improper sample collection and preservation can result in significant positive or negative bias, potentially resulting in over reporting or under reporting cyanide releases into the environment.
This guide contains comparative test methods that are intended for use in routine monitoring of cyanide. It is assumed that all who use methods listed in this guide will be trained analysts capable of performing them skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory applying appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide .
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is applicable for the selection of appropriate ASTM standard analytical methods for metallurgical processing sites to conform to International Cyanide Management Code guidance for the analysis of cyanide bearing solutions.
1.2 The analytical methods in this practice are recommended for the sampling preservation and analysis of total cyanide, available cyanide, weak acid dissociable cyanide, and free cyanide by Test Methods , , , , , , , and . The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2011
ICS
71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.06 - Methods for Analysis for Organic Substances in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7728-18 - Standard Guide for Selection of ASTM Analytical Methods for Implementation of International Cyanide Management Code Guidance
Effective Date
15-Jul-2018
Referred By
ASTM D7237-18 - Standard Test Method for Free Cyanide and Aquatic Free Cyanide with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Utilizing Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
Effective Date
01-Sep-2011

Buy Standard

ASTM D7728-11 - Standard Guide for Selection of ASTM Analytical Methods for Implementation of International Cyanide Management Code GuidanceASTM D7728-11 - Standard Guide for Selection of ASTM Analytical Methods for Implementation of International Cyanide Management Code Guidance
PreviousNext
Guide
ASTM D7728-11 - Standard Guide for Selection of ASTM Analytical Methods for Implementation of International Cyanide Management Code Guidance
English language
5 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7728 − 11
Standard Guide for
Selection of ASTM Analytical Methods for Implementation of
1
International Cyanide Management Code Guidance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7728; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3694 Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and
for Preservation of Organic Constituents
1.1 This guide is applicable for the selection of appropriate
D3856 Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories
ASTM standard analytical methods for metallurgical process-
Engaged in Analysis of Water
ing sites to conform to International Cyanide Management
D4282 Test Method for Determination of Free Cyanide in
Code guidance for the analysis of cyanide bearing solutions.
Water and Wastewater by Microdiffusion
1.2 The analytical methods in this practice are recom-
D4374 Test Methods for Cyanides in Water—Automated
mended for the sampling preservation and analysis of total
Methods for Total Cyanide, Weak Acid Dissociable
cyanide, available cyanide, weak acid dissociable cyanide, and
Cyanide, and Thiocyanate
free cyanide by Test Methods D2036, D4282, D4374, D6888,
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D6994, D7237, D7284, and D7511. The values stated in SI
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
measurement are included in this standard.
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D6888 Test Method for Available Cyanides with Ligand
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Displacement and Flow InjectionAnalysis (FIA) Utilizing
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. D6994 Test Method for Determination of Metal Cyanide
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Complexes in Wastewater, Surface Water, Groundwater
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- and Drinking Water Using Anion Exchange Chromatog-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
raphy with UV Detection
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D6696 Guide for Understanding Cyanide Species
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical D7237 Test Method for Free Cyanide and Aquatic Free
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Cyanide with Flow InjectionAnalysis (FIA) Utilizing Gas
Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
2. Referenced Documents D7284 Test Method for Total Cyanide in Water by Micro
2 Distillation followed by Flow InjectionAnalysis with Gas
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D7365 Practice for Sampling, Preservation and Mitigating
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
Interferences in Water Samples for Analysis of Cyanide
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D7511 Test Method for Total Cyanide by Segmented Flow
D1976 Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-
InjectionAnalysis, In-Line Ultraviolet Digestion andAm-
Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
perometric Detection
D2036 Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
D7572 Guide for Recovery ofAqueous Cyanides by Extrac-
tion from Mine Rock and Soil
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
3. Terminology
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for Analysis for
Organic Substances in Water.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. DOI:
practice, refer to Terminology D1129 and Guide D6696.
10.1520/D7728-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.1 refrigeration, n—storing the sample between its freez-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ing point and 6°C.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7728 − 11
3.2.2 weak and dissociable (WAD) cyanide, n—available of sufficiently high purity to permit its use wit
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D5544-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Residue After Evaporation of High-Purity Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Even so-called high-purity water will contain contaminants. While not always present, these contaminants may contribute one or more of the following: dissolved active ionic substances such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, manganese, ammonium, bicarbonates, sulfates, nitrates, chloride and fluoride ions, ferric and ferrous ions, and silicates; dissolved organic substances such as pesticides, herbicides, plasticizers, styrene monomers, deionization resin material; and colloidal suspensions such as silica. While this test method facilitates the monitoring of these contaminants in high-purity water, in real time, with one instrument, this test method is not capable of identifying the various sources of residue contamination or detecting dissolved gases or suspended particles.  
5.2 This test method is calibrated using weighed amounts of an artificial contaminant (potassium chloride). The density of potassium chloride is reasonably typical of contaminants found in high-purity water; however, the response of this test method is clearly based on a response to potassium chloride. The response to actual contaminants found in high-purity water may differ from the test method's calibration. This test method is not different from many other analytical test methods in this respect.  
5.3 Together with other monitoring methods, this test method is useful for diagnosing sources of RAE in ultra-pure water systems. In particular, this test method can be used to detect leakages such as colloidal silica breakthrough from the effluent of a primary anion or mixed-bed deionizer. In addition, this test method has been used to measure the rinse-up time for new liquid filters and has been adapted for batch-type sampling (this adaptation is not described in this test method).  
5.4 Obtaining an immediate indication of contamination in high-purity water has significance to those industries using high-purity water for manufacturing components; production can be halted immediate...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved organic and inorganic matter and colloidal material found in high-purity water used in the semiconductor, and related industries. This material is referred to as residue after evaporation (RAE). The range of the test method is from 0.001 μg/L (ppb) to 60 μg/L (ppb).  
1.2 This test method uses a continuous, real time monitoring technique to measure the concentration of RAE. A pressurized sample of high-purity water is supplied to the test method's apparatus continuously through ultra-clean fittings and tubing. Contaminants from the atmosphere are therefore prevented from entering the sample. General information on the test method and a literature review on the continuous measurement of RAE has been published.2  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 8.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4638-16(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Preparation of Biological Samples for Inorganic Chemical Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical analysis of biological material, collected from such locations as streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans can provide information of environmental significance. The chemical analysis of biological material used in toxicity tests may be useful to better interpret the toxicological results.  
5.2 Many aquatic biological samples, either as a result of their size, or their method of collection, are inherently heterogeneous in that they may contain occluded water in varying and unpredictable amounts and may contain foreign objects or material (for example, sediment) not ordinarily intended for analysis, the inclusion of which would result in inaccurate analysis.  
5.3 Standard methods for separating foreign objects, to facilitate homogenization, will minimize errors due to poor mixing and inclusion of extraneous material.  
5.4 Standardized procedures for drying provide a means for reporting analytical values to a common dry weight basis, if desired. Analyses may also be carried out or reported on a wet weight basis.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes procedures for the preparation of test samples collected from such locations as streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, estuaries, oceans, and toxicity tests and is applicable to such organisms as plankton, mollusks, fish, and plants.  
1.2 The procedures are applicable to the determination of volatile, semivolatile, and nonvolatile inorganic constituents of biological materials. Analyses may be carried out or reported on either a dry or wet basis.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 9.3.3.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8293-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of Radiochemical Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended to help testing laboratories and the developers of methods and software for those laboratories to apply the concepts of measurement uncertainty to radiochemical analyses.  
5.2 The result of a laboratory measurement never exactly equals the true value of the measurand. The difference between the two is called the error of the measurement. An estimate of the possible magnitude of this error is called the uncertainty of the measurement. While the error is primarily a theoretical concept, since its value is never known, the uncertainty has practical uses. Together, the measured value and its uncertainty allow one to place bounds on the likely true value of the measurand.  
5.3 Reliable measurement-based decision making requires not only measured values but also an indication of their uncertainty. Traditionally, significant figures have been used with varying degrees of success to indicate implicitly the order of magnitude of measurement uncertainties; however, reporting an explicit uncertainty estimate with each result is more reliable and informative, and is considered an industry-standard best practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides concepts, terminology, symbols, and recommendations for the evaluation and expression of the uncertainty of radiochemical measurements of water and other environmental media by testing laboratories. It applies to measurements of radionuclide activities, including gross activities, regardless of whether they involve chemical preparation of the samples.  
1.2 This guide does not provide a complete tutorial on measurement uncertainty. Interested readers should refer to the documents listed in Section 2 and References for more information. See, for example, GUM, QUAM, Taylor and Kuyatt (1)2, and Chapter 19 of MARLAP (2).  
1.3 The system of units for this guide is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the guide are presented only as illustrations of calculation methods. The examples are not binding on products or test methods treated.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    40 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    40 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5074-90(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Natural-Matrix Sediment Reference Samples for Major and Trace Inorganic Constituents Analysis by Partial Extraction Procedures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The objective of this practice is to provide guidelines for the preparation of stable, representative, oxidized, relatively unpolluted, aquatic natural-matrix bed-sediment reference test samples. When prepared as described, such test samples should be useful for collaborative methods testing, to evaluate the precision and bias of test methods, and to evaluate test methods performance during their development.  
5.2 The availability of defined representative natural-matrix reference or test samples, closely approximating a variety of typical environmental samples, is a key requirement for the effective collaborative methods evaluation and development of test methods, and quality assurance testing. When the composition of the reference or test samples has been determined, either for operationally defined “total recoverable” leaching techniques, or for “total analysis” determined by total dissolution, the defined samples should also be suitable for analytical quality assurance testing.  
5.3 Certified analyses of most rock, sediment, sludge, and soil reference samples are typically based on the total amount of each constituent of interest in the entire sample. “Total” chemical analysis of these samples generally requires complete decomposition or dissolution of the standard material. These are the only feasible analytical approaches if knowledge of finite concentrations for each element of interest in the entire sample is required. Certain instrumental methods, such as X-ray fluorescence or neutron activation analysis, may provide information as to the total constituent composition without sample destruction.  
5.4 Partial chemical extraction of sediments, or “total recoverable” analyses (operationally defined procedures) for selecting constituents, frequently are useful for defining “available” constituent concentrations. In addition, partial chemical extractions may also provide data on partitioning, phase associations, or on how trace elements are entrained. ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers uniform procedures to develop, select, collect, prepare, and use oxidized, relatively unpolluted, aquatic natural-matrix bed-sediment reference samples for the collaborative testing of chemical methods of analysis for sediments and similar materials. Reference samples prepared using this practice are intended for use as natural sediments, analyzable for major, minor, and trace elements, and general physical/organic analyses only. The samples are not designed or tested for environmental pollutants such as trace organic compounds.  
1.2 Few, if any, aquatic sediment reference materials have been certified, defined, or are even available for developing or evaluating partial and sequential extraction procedures. This practice describes factors and considerations in site selection, sample characteristics, collection, and subsequent raw sample treatment needed to prepare natural-matrix bed-material sediments for use as partial or sequential extraction procedure reference test samples. The user of this practice is cautioned that in light of the many variables that may affect natural materials, neither the list of factors included for evaluation nor preparation of natural-matrix reference samples should be considered as all inclusive. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity and applicability of these practices for preparing specific-matrix samples appropriate for testing the constituents of interest and the operationally defined extraction procedures utilized.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  ...

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7902-20(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This terminology standard describes terms and definitions used in standards for radiochemical analysis maintained by ASTM Committee D19 on Water. The terminology is also recommended for general use in the radiochemistry community.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard describes terminology commonly used in radiochemistry and radioanalysis.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement, including some units that are not accepted for use with the SI, are also defined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6808-02(2018)e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Competency Requirements of Reference Material Producers for Water Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is for the use by RM producers in the development and implementation of their quality system and by those concerned with assessing the competence of RM producers. It should be recognized that a RM needs to be characterized mainly to the level of accuracy required for its intended purpose (that is, appropriate measurement uncertainty). The RM producer shall describe the procedure for establishing the quality of materials as a component of the quality system.  
4.2 This practice is for the use of RM users in the establishment if a RM producer has a quality system adequate to produce high quality RMs. It can be used by users to determine if the scientific and technical competence of a RMs producer is adequate to ensure the quality of RMs. This practice is consistent with the requirements for RM producers established in ISO Guide 34.  
4.3 This practice does not specify specific protocols for the contents of RMs certificates of analysis, for calibration in analytical chemistry and use of certified RMs and for certification of RMs. For this information, users are referred to Practice D6362, ISO Guide 32, and ISO Guide 35.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the general requirements with which a reference materials (RM) producer has to demonstrate that it operates, if it is to be recognized as competent to produce RMs used for water analysis.  
1.2 This practice establishes the quality system requirements in accordance with which waters RMs shall be produced. It is intended to be used as part of a RM producer’s general quality assurance (QA) procedures. RM producers shall define their scope in terms of the application, the measurement methods used in the homogeneity, stability, and characterization studies.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7728-18(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of ASTM Analytical Methods for Implementation of International Cyanide Management Code Guidance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended as a means for selecting the proper methods for measuring cyanide to conform to the International Cyanide Management Code guidance related to the analysis of cyanide bearing solutions. Cyanide is analyzed in process solutions and in discharges in order to apply code guidance; however, improper sample collection and preservation can result in significant positive or negative bias, potentially resulting in over reporting or under reporting cyanide releases into the environment.  
5.2 This guide contains comparative test methods that are intended for use in routine monitoring of cyanide. It is assumed that all who use methods listed in this guide will be trained analysts capable of performing them skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory applying appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide D3856.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is applicable for the selection of appropriate ASTM standard analytical methods for metallurgical processing sites to conform to International Cyanide Management Code guidance for the analysis of cyanide bearing solutions.  
1.2 The analytical methods in this guide are recommended for the sampling preservation and analysis of total cyanide, available cyanide, weak acid dissociable cyanide, and free cyanide by Test Methods D2036, D4282, D4374, D6888, D6994, D7237, D7284, and D7511.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5788-95(2017)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Spiking Organics into Aqueous Samples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Matrix spiking of samples is commonly used to determine the bias under specific analytical conditions, or the applicability of a test method to a particular sample matrix, by determining the extent to which the added spike is recovered from the sample matrix under these conditions. Reactions or interactions of the analyte or component of interest with the sample matrix may cause a significant positive or negative effect on recovery and may render the chosen analytical, or monitoring, process ineffectual for that sample matrix.  
5.2 Matrix spiking of samples can also be used to monitor the performance of a laboratory, individual instrument, or analyst as part of a regular quality assurance program. Changes in spike recoveries from the same or similar matrices over time may indicate variations in the quality of analyses and analytical results.  
5.3 Spiking of samples may be performed in the field or in the laboratory, depending on what part of the analytical process is to be tested. Field spiking tests the recovery of the overall process, including preservation and shipping of the sample and may be considered a measure of the stability of the analytes in the matrix. Laboratory spiking tests the laboratory process only. Spiking of sample extracts, concentrates, or dilutions will be reflective of only that portion of the process subsequent to the addition of the spike.  
5.4 Special precautions shall be observed when nonlaboratory personnel perform spiking in the field. It is recommended that all spike preparation work be performed in a laboratory by experienced analysts so that the field operation consists solely of adding a prepared spiking solution to the sample matrix. Training of field personnel and validation of their spiking techniques are necessary to ensure that spikes are added accurately and reproducibly. Consistent and acceptable recoveries from duplicate field spikes can be used to document the reproducibility of sampling and the spiking technique....
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the general technique of “spiking” aqueous samples with organic analytes or components. It is intended to be applicable to a broad range of organic materials in aqueous media. Although the specific details and handling procedures required for all types of compounds are not described, this general approach is given to serve as a guideline to the analyst in accurately preparing spiked samples for subsequent analysis or comparison. Guidance is also provided to aid the analyst in calculating recoveries and interpreting results. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine whether the methods and materials cited here are compatible with the analytes of interest.  
1.2 The procedures in this guide are focused on “matrix spike” preparation, analysis, results, and interpretation. The applicability of these procedures to the preparation of calibration standards, calibration check standards, laboratory control standards, reference materials, and other quality control materials by spiking is incidental. A sample (the matrix) is fortified (spiked) with the analyte of interest for a variety of analytical and quality control purposes. While the spiking of multiple sample test portions is discussed, the method of standard additions is not covered.  
1.3 This guide is intended for use in conjunction with the individual analytical test method that provides procedures for analysis of the analyte or component of interest. The test method is used to determine an analyte or component's background level and, again after spiking, its now elevated level. Each test method typically provides procedures not only for samples, but also for calibration standards or analytical control solutions, or both. These procedures include preparation, handling, storage, preservation, and analysis techniques. These procedures are applicable by extension, using the analyst's judgement on a case-by-case basis, to spiking solutions, ...

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4327-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Ion chromatography provides for both qualitative and quantitative determination of seven common anions, F−, Cl−, NO2−, HPO4 −2, Br−, NO3−, and SO4−2, in the milligram per litre range from a single analytical operation requiring only a few millilitres of sample and taking approximately 10 to 15 min for completion. Additional anions, such as carboxylic acids, can also be quantified.
Note 2: This test method may be used to determine fluoride if its peak is in the water dip by adding 1 mL of eluent (at 100× the concentration in 8.3) to all 100-mL volumes of samples and standards to negate the effect of the water dip. (See 6.3, and also see 6.4.) The quantitation of unretained peaks should be avoided. Anions such as low molecular weight organic acids (formate, acetate, propionate, etc.) that are conductive coelute with fluoride and would bias fluoride quantitation in some drinking waters and most wastewaters. The water dip can be further minimized if measures are taken to remove carbonic acid which remain in the eluent after suppression using carbonate based eluents. There is no water dip if hydroxide eluents are used.  
5.2 Anion combinations such as Cl−/Br − and NO2−/NO3−, which may be difficult to distinguish by other analytical methods, are readily separated by ion chromatography.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2,3 covers the sequential determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, ortho-phosphate, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate ions in water by suppressed ion chromatography.  
Note 1: Order of elution is dependent upon the column used; see Fig. 1.  
1.3 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for other matrices.  
1.4 Concentrations as low as 0.01 mg/L were determined depending upon the anions to be quantified, in single laboratory work. Utilizing a 50-μL sample volume loop and a sensitivity of 3000 μS/cm full scale, the approximate detection limits shown in Table 1 can be achieved. Lower detection limits have been observed with newer instrumentation, column technology and eluents. The analyst must assure optimum instrument performance to maintain a stable baseline at more sensitive conductivity full-scale settings. (A) Data provided by U.S. EPA/EMSL Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH.(B) Column: as specified in 7.1.4.
Detector: as specified in 7.1.6.
Eluent: as specified in 8.3.
Pump rate: 2.0 mL/min.
Sample loop: 50 μL.  
1.5 The upper limit of this test method is dependent upon total anion concentration and may be determined experimentally as described in Annex A1. These limits may be extended by appropriate dilution or by use of a smaller injection volume.  
1.6 Using alternate separator column and eluents may permit additional anions such as acetate, formate, or citrate to be determined. This is not the subject of this test method.  
1.7 This test method update approves the use of electrolytically generated eluent, electrolytically regenerated eluent, electrolytic suppression (not autozeroing), and electrolytic trap columns also known as reagent-free ion chromatography. This approval is based on acceptance by the U.S. EPA as referenced in Appendix X2.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5808-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Organic as well as inorganic chlorine compounds can prove harmful to equipment and reactions in processes involving hydrocarbons.  
5.2 Maximum chloride levels are often specified for process streams and for hydrocarbon products.  
5.3 Organic chloride species are potentially damaging to refinery processes. Hydrochloric acid can be produced in hydrotreating or reforming reactors and this acid accumulates in condensing regions of the refinery.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of organic chloride in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and related chemicals.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with chloride concentrations to 25 mg/kg. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.2 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.7 mg/kg. With careful analytical technique or the measurement of replicates, or both, this method can be used to successfully analyze concentrations below the LOD.
Note 1: The maximum is the highest concentration from the interlaboratory study and the LOD and LOQ were calculated from Performance Testing Program (PTP) data. See Table 1.  
1.3 This test method is preferred over Test Method D5194 for products, such as styrene, that are polymerized by the sodium biphenyl reagent.  
1.4 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.5 Organic chloride values of samples containing inorganic chlorides will be biased high due to partial recovery of inorganic species during combustion. Interference from inorganic species can be reduced by water washing the sample before analysis. This does not apply to water soluble samples.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.3 and Section 9.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off