ASTM D4025-18

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Designation: D4025 − 08a (Reapproved 2013) D4025 − 18
Standard Practice for
Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Deposits
Formed from Water for Subsurface Injection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4025; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the manner in which the various results of examination and analysis to determine the composition of
deposits formed from water for subsurface injection are to be reported.
1.2 All analyses shall be made in accordance with the test methods of ASTM, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE 1—While reporting of inorganic constituents in water-formed deposits as specified in Test Methods Practice D4412D933 is sufficient for certain
industries, this practice provides for the reporting of organic and biological materials as well as inorganic constituents.
NOTE 2—Consistent with practices in industries where subsurface injection of water is practiced, reporting includes specifying of inorganic constituents
as probable molecular combinations of the species for which analyses are performed.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
D932 Practice for Filamentous Iron Bacteria in Water and Water-Formed Deposits
D933 Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D4412 Test Methods for Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Water and Water-Formed Deposits
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this practice, reference should be made to Terminology D1129 and
Practice D887.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129 and Practices D887.
4. History of Sample
4.1 Information regarding the source and history of the sample shall be included in the report of the analysis. This information
should be that supplied by the individual submitting the sample as follows:
4.1.1 Name of company supplying the sample,
4.1.2 Name of location of plant, facility, and well,
4.1.3 Date and time of sampling,
4.1.4 Number of sample,
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013May 1, 2018. Published July 2013May 2018. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D4025 – 08a.D4025 – 08a (2013). DOI: 10.1520/D4025-08AR13.10.1520/D4025-18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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D4025 − 18
TABLE 1 Major Headings for Determinations to Be Reported
Microbiological examination
Moisture and volatile material
Solvent-extractable components:
Fluorocarbon-extractables
Water-solubles
Acid-solubles
Solvent-insolubles
Loss at 900°C
Ash
Inorganic components
4.1.5 Name and other designation of equipment from which sample was removed,
4.1.6 Precise location from which sample was removed,
4.1.7 Operating temperature and pressure of water or brine at location of deposit,
4.1.8 Type of treatment applied to the water that formed the deposit,
4.1.9 An account of system operating conditions that may have contributed to deposition (for example, filter channeling,
chemical pump outage, or increased system temperature),
4.1.10 Appearance and extent of deposit prior to removal,
4.1.11 Exact method that was used in removing the sample and notes concerning any contamination that might have occurred
during the process,
4.1.12 Specific methods used for preservation of sample prior to and subsequent to removal,
4.1.13 Results of field tests made on the sample or related equipment,
4.1.14 An analysis of the water from which the deposit was formed, and
4.1.15 Identity of sampler.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice sets down the manner in which data obtained from other test methods should be reported. This is done in an
effort to standardize the report form used.
6. Physical Characteristics
6.1 The macroscopic characteristics of the sample, as ascertained by the analyst, including any peculiarities that may be
pertinent to the results of the examination, shall be included in the report.
NOTE 3—Characteristics such as the following may be recorded: color, form (scaly, slimy, etc.), texture (oily, smooth, friable, gritty, etc.), magnetic
properties (as determined by test with magnet), and apparent structure (amorphous, crystalline, columnar crystals).
NOTE 4—Any discrepancies between the physical characteristics observed by the analyst and those reported by the sampler should be noted.
6.2 Characteristics observed during microscopic examination shall be reported and include a description of the gross
characteristics and homogeneity or heterogeneity of the sample.
6.3 Any distinct observable crystal morphology such as monoclinic, rhombic, etc., shall be reported.
NOTE 5—Specific note of the presence of any biological material in the sample should be made.
7. Determinations to Be Reported
7.1 The major headings for which determinations shall be reported in a complete analysis are as indicated in Table 1. Specific
determinations which shall be reported under some of the major headings are listed in Tables 2-4. In certain instances, knowledge
of the operating practices and water chemistry will have suggested the need to perform additional analyses or indicated the need
for a less complete analysis; consequently, results from determinations may not be reported for each individual item.
8. Reporting of Biological Components
8.1 The results of examinations conducted to determine the presence of microorganisms in the sample, such as those delineated
by Test Method Practice D932 and Practice Test Methods D4412, shall be reported. The organisms present should be identified
by phyla with the relative abundance noted.
D4025 − 18
TABLE 2 Acid-Soluble Portion Ions to Be Reported
Inorganic materials:
calcium carbonate
magnesium sulfide
barium sulfate
iron phosphate
A
sodium hydroxide
A
oxide
Organic materials
A
These ions are determined by difference. The specific ion reported is determined
by direct evidence or in absence of such evidence as hydroxide.
TABLE 3 Ash—Common Constituents to Be Reported
calcium zinc
magnesium sodium
barium potassium
strontium phosphate
iron sulfate
aluminum chloride
silicon
manganese
TABLE 4 Common Inorganic Components Found in
Water-Formed Deposits and Their K Values
sp
Inorganic Temperature,
K Reference
sp
Material °C
−33 A
Al(OH) 1.3 × 10 18—25
−9 B
BaCO 2.6 × 10 25
−23 A
Ba (PO ) 3.4 × 10 18–25
3 4 2
−10 B
BaSO 1.1 × 10 25
−9 B
CaCO 4.9 × 10 25
−6 B
Ca(OH) 4.7 × 10 25
−33 B
Ca (PO ) 2.1 × 10 25
3 4 2
−5 B
CaSO 7.1 × 10 25
−11 B
FeCO 3.1 × 10 25
−36 B
Fe O 1.1 × 10 18
2 3
−39 B
Fe(OH) 2.6 × 10 25
−29 B
FePO ·2H O 9.9 × 10 25
4 2
−10 B
SrCO 5.6 × 10 25
−28 A
Sr (PO ) 4.0 × 10 18–25
3 4 2
−7 B
SrSO 3.4 × 10 25
−10 B
ZnCO 1.2 × 10 25
−17 B
Zn(OH) 6.8 × 10 25
−25 B
ZnS 2.2 × 10 25
Na CO
2 3
NaCl
Na SO
2 4
S
SiO
Other siliceous
material
A
Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, Dean, J. A., Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., 13th
Edition, pp. 5–7 to 5–12.
B
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Weast, R. C., Ed., Chemical Rubber Co.,
1991, pp. 8–39.
NOTE 6—In the absence of quantitative measurements, the microbiological constituents may be grouped as major, minor, and trace. In categorizing the
constituents, the qualitative nature of the examination and the subjective appraisal of its proportion must be considered.
NOTE 7—The results of the examination should be qualified on the basis of any known or suspected effects related to sample handling prior to or during
analysis likely to influence the validity.
9. Reporting of Chemical Analyses
9.1 The major headings under which chemical analysis determination shall be reported are moisture and volatile material,
solvent-extractable components, loss at 900°C, ash, and inorganic components.
9.2 All data shall be reported as weight percent both on an as-received basis and on a dry weight basis, with the exception of
water and volatile material, which shall be reported on an as-received basis only.
9.3 The loss at 105°C shall be reported as the moisture and volatile material content of the sample.
D4025 − 18
9.4 Reporting of solvent-extractable materials shall be divided into organic solvent extractables, water-solubles, acid-
extractables, and solvent insolubles.
9.4.1 The organic solvent-extractable constituents shall be reported in terms of the generic nature of the extracted material.
When the extractable portion of the deposit comprises greater than 10 % on a dry weight basis of the deposit, more specific
identification of its composition is advised.
NOTE 8—A fluorocarbo
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