ASTM C411-04

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:C411–04
Standard Test Method for
Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal
1
Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope intended service, and noting during the test and afterward,
changes in the material and its properties. Measurement of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perfor-
these changes are used for predicting what occurs in service as
mance of commercial sizes of both block and pipe forms of
a result of exposure to temperatures corresponding to those of
thermal insulating materials when exposed to simulated hot-
the tests.
surface application conditions. The term “hot-surface perfor-
mance” has reference to a simulated use-temperature test in
5. Apparatus
which the heated testing surface is in a horizontal position.
5.1 Heating Plate—The heating plate shall consist of a
1.2 This test method refers primarily to high-temperature
corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant plate with a preferred
insulations that are applicable to hot-side temperatures in
exposed test area of 36 by 18 in. (914 by 457 mm), but having
excess of 200°F (93°C). It is used for materials such as
a minimum test area of 18 by 18 in. (457 by 457 mm). The
preformed insulations, insulating cements, blankets, and the
heated area shall have an insulated, heated guard area having a
like, by proper laboratory preparation of the samples.
minimumwidthof3in.(76mm)aroundtheentireperipheryof
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
the test area. The plate shall be supported in a horizontal plane
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
at a sufficient number of points to prevent sagging. It shall be
information only.
heated on the under side by gas or electricity. The surface
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
temperature of the plate shall be measured by not less than five
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
thermocouples. Four of the thermocouples shall be located
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
alongthediagonalsthatextendfromthecornersoftheexposed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
area of the plate and at a distance of 6 in. (152 mm) in from
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
each corner. A fifth thermocouple shall be located near the
2. Referenced Documents center of the test plate area. The temperature at no point of
2
measurement shall vary more than 65%or 625°F (614°C),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
whichever is less, from the desired temperature. A heating
C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
chamber beneath the heating plate shall be formed to retain the
3. Terminology heat generated by the heating means. A 6-in. thickness of
insulation shall form the bottom and the sides, and the heating
3.1 Definitions—Terminology C 168 shall apply to the
plate shall form the top of the chamber. Two suitable types of
terms used in this test method.
heating plates are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
4. Significance and Use
5.2 Heating Pipe—The heating pipe shall consist of a
corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant pipe having a length of
4.1 Performance in service is the final measure of value for
not less than 3 ft (0.9 m) and preferably 6 ft 6 in. (1.98 m). It
a thermal insulation, but simulative service tests give useful
shall be supported horizontally. The nominal diameter of the
indications. One type involves application for a specified time
pipe shall preferably be 3 in. (76 mm).The pipe shall be heated
to a surface heated at a temperature approximately that of
electrically with a spiral heating coil placed along the inside of
the pipe. Supplementary end heaters, and a guard section at
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC16onThermal
least 3 in. long of the same insulation as that being placed on
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and
the test section, shall also be provided to guard against
Physical Properties.
excessive losses from the ends of the test specimen. (Where
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originally
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 411 – 97. possible, the use of standard thermal conductivity pipe test
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
apparatus to serve as the heating pipe is recommended.) The
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
surface temperature of the pip
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