ASTM D4212-10

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D4212 − 10
StandardTest Method for
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Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4212; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity
3. Terminology
of paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, and related liquid materials
3.1 Definitions:
by dip-type viscosity cups. This test method is recommended
3.1.1 near-Newtonian liquid, n—a liquid in which the varia-
for viscosity control work within one plant or laboratory and
tion of viscosity with shear rate is small and the effect on
should be used to check compliance with specifications only
viscosity of mechanical disturbances such as stirring is negli-
when sufficient controls have been instituted to ensure ad-
gible.
equate comparability of results.
3.1.2 Newtonian liquid, n—a liquid in which the viscosity is
1.2 Viscosity cups are designed for testing of Newtonian
independent of the shear stress or shear rate. If the ratio of
and near-Newtonian liquids. If the test material is non-
shear stress to shear rate is not constant, the liquid is non-
Newtonian, for example, shear-thinning or thixotropic, another
Newtonian.
method, such as Test Methods D2196, should be used. Under
controlled conditions, comparisons of the viscosity of non-
4. Summary of Test Method
newtonian materials may be helpful, but viscosity determina-
tion methods using controlled shear rate or shear stress are 4.1 The cup is completely immersed in the material to be
preferred.
tested,withdrawn,andthetimeforthematerialtoflowthrough
a hole in the base of the cup is measured.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5. Significance and Use
only.
5.1 Viscosity is a measure of the fluidity of a material.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Viscosity data are useful in the determination of the ease of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
stirring, pumping, dip coating, or other flow-related properties
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of paints and related fluids.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 This type of cup is used to measure viscosity because it
is easy to use, robust, and may be used in tanks, reservoirs, and
2. Referenced Documents
reactors.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3 There are other types of apparatus for measuring vis-
D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
cosity in the laboratory that provide better precision and bias,
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
including the Ford viscosity cup (Test Method D1200), and the
Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type)
Brookfield viscometer (Test Methods D2196).
Viscometer
5.4 Certain higher shear rate devices such as cone/plate
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/
viscometers (Test Method D4287) provide more information
Plate Viscometer
about sprayability, roll coatability, and other high-shear rate
related properties of coatings.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
6. Apparatus
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
6.1 Zahn Viscosity Cup—No. 1 through No. 5 Zahn viscos-
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approved
ity cups made of corrosion- and solvent-resistant materials.
in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4212 – 99 (2005). DOI:
10.1520/D4212-10.
The nominal capacity of the cup is 44 mL, but may vary from
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
43 to 49 mL, depending on the manufacturer. A diagram of a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ZahncupisgiveninFig.1.Thedimensions,includingorifices,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. are only approximate because the cups are not made to a
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D4212 − 10
NOTE 1—Dimensions are approximate only and may vary with the manufacturer and from batch to batch
FIG. 1 Zahn Cup Nominal Dimensions
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uniform specification. Each manufactur
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