ASTM D7428-15(2023)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7428 − 15 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Resistance of Fine Aggregate to Degradation by Abrasion in
the Micro-Deval Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for testing fine
D6928 Test Method for Resistance of Coarse Aggregate to
aggregate for resistance to abrasion using the Micro-Deval
Degradation by Abrasion in the Micro-Deval Apparatus
apparatus.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
1.2 The text of this method references notes and footnotes
Sieves
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
3. Terminology
as requirements of the test method.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 constant mass, n—the condition of a test sample dried
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
at a temperature of 110 6 5 °C such that it will not lose more
standard.
than 0.1 % moisture after 2 h of drying.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Such a condition of dryness can be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the verified by determining the mass of the sample before and after
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- successive 2 h drying periods. In lieu of such a determination,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- samples may be considered to have reached constant mass
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. when they have been dried at a temperature of 110 6 5 °C for
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- an equal or longer period than that previously found adequate
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- for producing the desired constant mass condition under equal
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the or heavier loading conditions of the oven.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 4. Summary of Test Method
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 The Micro-Deval Test is a measure of abrasion resis-
tance and durability of mineral aggregates resulting from a
2. Referenced Documents
combination of actions including abrasion and grinding with
2.1 ASTM Standards: steel balls in the presence of water. A 500 g sample with
C88/C88M Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by standard grading is initially soaked in water for not less than
Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate 1 h. The sample is then placed in a jar mill with 0.75 L of water
and an abrasive charge consisting of 1250 g of 9.5 mm
C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200)
Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing diameter steel balls. The jar, aggregate, water, and charge are
revolved at 100 rpm for 15 min. The sample is then washed and
C136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
Coarse Aggregates oven dried. The loss is the amount of material passing the 75
μm sieve expressed as a percent by mass of the original sample.
5. Significance and Use
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on
5.1 The Micro-Deval abrasion test is a test of fine aggregate
Aggregate Tests.
to determine abrasion loss in the presence of water and an
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
abrasive charge. Many aggregates are more susceptible to
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7428 – 15. DOI:
10.1520/D7428-15R23.
abrasion when wet than dry, and the use of water in this test
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
incorporates this reduction in resistance to degradation. The
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
test results are helpful in evaluating the toughness/abrasion
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. resistance of fine aggregate subject to abrasion when adequate
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7428 − 15 (2023)
information is not available from service records. This test is 6.5 Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 110 6
suitable for measuring the amount of weak, soft material such 5 °C.
as shale or shaley carbonate in fine aggregate. Materials that
6.6 Balance, or scale accurate to 0.1 g.
give a low loss in this test are unlikely to exhibit significant
degradation during handling, mixing, or placing. There is a
7. Supplies
relationship between drying shrinkage of cement mortar and
7.1 Laboratory Reference Aggregate—A supply of standard
Micro-Deval abrasion loss of fine aggregate, with higher loss
“Standard Sutherland Micro-Deval Fine Aggregate.” The
materials resulting in higher drying shrinkage. Descriptions of
material shall be prepared as follows:
the development of the test and the relationship with other
3,4,5
Passing Retained Mass
properties have been published.
4.75 mm 2.36 mm 40 g
2.36 mm 1.18 mm 115 g
5.2 The Micro-Deval abrasion test on fine aggregate is
1.18 mm 600 μm 180 g
useful for detecting changes in properties of aggregate pro-
600 μm 300 μm 120 g
duced from an aggregate source as part of a quality control or
300 μm 150 μm 38 g
150 μm 75 μm 7 g
quality assurance process.
7.2 Calibration Aggregate—An adequate supply of
5.3 The Micro-Deval abrasion test on fine aggregate, in
aggregate, established by the laboratory to use for calibration
contrast to the version on coarse aggregate, has a significant
of the test method (see 11.1).
correlation with the magnesium sulfate soundness loss of fine
aggregate. The Micro-Deval test on fine aggregate has better
8. Test Sample
precision than the sulfate soundness test, is quicker, and may
8.1 The test sample shall be washed over a 75 μm sieve
be used in place of that test. Advice on specific values for
following Test Method C117 and oven dried at 110 6 5 °C to
selection of aggregate will be found in the appendix.
constant mass, separated into individual size fractions in
6. Apparatus
accordance with Test Method C136/C136M, and recombined
to meet the grading shown in 8.2.
6.1 Micro-Deval Abrasion Machine, a jar rolling mill as
specified in Test Method D6928.
8.2 Aggregate for the test sample shall consist of material
passing the 4.75 mm sieve, retained on the 75 μm sieve with a
6.2 Containers, stainless steel Micro-Deval abrasion jars as
Fineness Modulus of 2.8 (Note 2). An oven dried sample of
specified in Test Method D6928.
500 6 5 g shall be prepared as follows:
6.3 Abrasive Charge—Magnetic stainless steel balls are
Passing Retained Mass
required. These shall have a diameter of 9.5 6 0.5 mm. Each
4.75 mm 2.36 mm 50 g
jar requires a charge of 1250 6 5 g of balls.
2.36 mm 1.18 mm 125 g
NOTE 1—Prior to use, new containers and new steel balls should be 1.18 mm 600 μm 125 g
conditioned. Conditioning is accomplished by running the equipment with 600 μm 300 μm 100 g
300 μm 150 μm 75 g
a charge of 500 g of silica sand with 750 ml of water for a period of four
150 μm 75 μm 25 g
hours. From time to time it may be necessary to recondition the containers
and steel balls. The need for this will be indicated by significant reduction
NOTE 2—Fine aggregates that have a fine grading give a slightly higher
in loss with the calibration material. It has been found that reconditioning
Micro-Deval abrasion loss than those with a coarser grading from the
is usually needed when the equipment has been used for testing carbonate
same source. The effect of grading is small when the mean loss is less than
coarse aggregate in the coarse aggregate version of the test (Test Method
about 20 %. For materials of low loss, which easily meet applicable
D6928), which may lead to polishing of the inside of the container and
specification requirements, it may be practical to test material without
ball surfaces. The conditioning process gives the containers and balls a
preparing to the grading given above for routine quality control purposes.
“frosted” surface, which promotes tumbling of the balls and aggregate
When desired, other grading may be used but the use of such grading
inside the container, rather than sliding when the containers are rotated.
should be reported.
When silica rich fine aggregates are tested, the need for reconditioning
may be reduced or eliminated provided the calibration aggregate gives
9. Test Procedure
satisfactory results. For this reason, it is good practice to not use
containers used for testing coarse aggregate in the fine aggregate version
9.1 Prepare a representative 500 6 5 g test sample in
of the test.
accordance with Section 8. Weigh the test sample and record
6.4 Sieves, with square openings, and of the following sizes the mass, A, to the nearest 0.1 g.
conforming to Specification E11 specifications: 4.75 mm, 2.36
9.2 Immerse the test sample in 0.75 6 0.05 L of tap water
mm, 1.18 mm, 600 μm, 300 μm, 150 μm, 75 μm.
at a temperature 20 6 5 °C for a minimum of 1 h either in the
Micro-Deval container or some other suitable container.
Rogers, C., “Canadian Experience with the Micro-Deval Test for Aggregates,”
9.3 Add 1250 6 5 g steel balls to the prepared test sample
Advances in Aggregates and Armourstone Evaluation, L
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