ASTM C1197-04

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Designation: C 1197 – 04
Standard Test Method for
In Situ Measurement of Masonry Deformability Properties
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Using the Flatjack Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes an in situ method for
determining the deformation properties of existing unrein-
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forced solid-unit masonry. This test method concerns the
measurement of in-situ masonry deformability properties in
existing masonry by use of thin, bladder-like flatjack devices
that are installed in saw cut mortar joints in the masonry wall.
Thistestmethodprovidesarelativelynon-destructivemeansof
FIG. 1 Deformation Properties Using Two Flatjacks
determining masonry properties.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
4. Significance and Use
information only.
4.1 Deformation and strength properties are measured only
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
on the masonry between flatjacks. Boundary effects of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
collar joint behind the wythe tested and adjacent masonry are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
neglected.Inthecaseofmulti-wythemasonry,deformabilityis
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
estimated only in the wythe in which the flatjack is inserted.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Deformability of other wythes may be different.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Apparatus
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Flatjack:
E 74 Practice for Calibration of Force Measuring Instru-
5.1.1 Aflatjackisathinenvelope-likebladderwithinletand
ments for Verifying the Load Indication of Testing Ma-
outlet ports which may be pressurized with hydraulic oil.
chines
Flatjacks may be of any shape in plan, and are designed to be
compatible with the masonry being tested. For determining
3. Summary of Test Method
load-deformation properties of masonry, flatjacks are typically
3.1 Two flatjacks inserted into parallel slots, one above the
rectangular or semi-rectangular as shown in Fig. 2.
other, in a solid-unit masonry wall are pressurized thus
5.1.2 For determination of the state of compressive stress,
inducing compressive stress on the masonry between them.
dimension A should be equal to or greater than the length of a
The installation is shown in Fig. 1. By gradually increasing the
single masonry unit, but not less than 8 in. (200 mm).
flatjack pressure and measuring the deformation of the ma-
Dimension B should be equal to or greater than the thickness
sonry between the flatjacks, load-deformation (stress-strain)
ofonewytheandnotlessthan3in.(75mm).Theradius, R,for
properties may be obtained. Maximum compressive strengths
circular and semi-rectangular flatjacks shall be equal to the
may be measured in certain cases.
radius of the circular saw blade used to cut the slot.
5.1.3 Flatjacksshallbemadeofmetalorothermaterialsuch
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on thattheflatjackinaslotinmasonrywillbecapableofapplying
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
operating pressures up to the expected maximum flatjack
C15.04 on Research.
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pressure. Metal flatjacks suitable for this purpose shall be
Current edition approved January 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 1197 - 03.
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Solid-unit masonry is that built with stone, concrete, or clay units whose net
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area is equal to or greater than 75 % of the gross area. A maximum operating pressure of 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) is adequate for older
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or existing masonry, but flatjacks with higher operating pressures may be required for
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM more recently constructed buildings. Flatjacks manufactured with flexible polymers
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on that have operating pressure ranges of less than 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) may be useful
the ASTM website. for stress measurements in some historic masonry.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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C1197–04
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shall not exceed those of the flatjack by more than ⁄2 in. (12
mm). Sl
...