ASTM C1197-03

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Designation: C 1197 – 03
Standard Test Method for
In Situ Measurement of Masonry Deformability Properties
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Using the Flatjack Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes an in situ method for
determining the deformation properties of existing unrein-
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forced solid-unit masonry. This test method concerns the
measurement of in-situ masonry deformability properties in
existing masonry by use of thin, bladder-like flatjack devices
that are installed in saw cut mortar joints in the masonry wall.
This test method provides a relatively non-destructive means of
FIG. 1 Deformation Properties Using Two Flatjacks
determining masonry properties.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
properties may be obtained. Maximum compressive strengths
information only.
may be measured in certain cases.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Deformation and strength properties are measured only
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
on the masonry between flatjacks. Boundary effects of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
collar joint behind the wythe tested and adjacent masonry are
neglected. In the case of multi-wythe masonry, deformability is
2. Referenced Documents
estimated only in the wythe in which the flatjack is inserted.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Deformability of other wythes may be different.
E 74 Practice for Calibration of Force Measuring Instru-
5. Apparatus
ments for Verifying the Load Indication of Testing Ma-
3
chines
5.1 Flatjack:
5.1.1 A flatjack is a thin envelope-like bladder with inlet and
3. Summary of Test Method
outlet ports which may be pressurized with hydraulic oil.
3.1 Two flatjacks inserted into parallel slots, one above the
Flatjacks may be of any shape in plan, and are designed to be
other, in a solid-unit masonry wall are pressurized thus
compatible with the masonry being tested. For determining
inducing compressive stress on the masonry between them.
load-deformation properties of masonry, flatjacks are typically
The installation is shown in Fig. 1. By gradually increasing the
rectangular or semi-rectangular as shown in Fig. 2.
flatjack pressure and measuring the deformation of the ma-
5.1.2 For determination of the state of compressive stress,
sonry between the flatjacks, load-deformation (stress-strain)
dimension A should be equal to or greater than the length of a
single masonry unit, but not less than 8 in. (200 mm).
Dimension B should be equal to or greater than the thickness
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
of one wythe and not less than 3 in. (75 mm). The radius, R, for
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
circular and semi-rectangular flatjacks shall be equal to the
C15.04 on Research.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
radius of the circular saw blade used to cut the slot.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 1197 - 92 (1997).
5.1.3 Flatjacks shall be made of metal or other material such
2
Solid-unit masonry is that built with stone, concrete, or clay units whose net
that the flatjack in a slot in masonry will be capable of applying
area is equal to or greater than 75 % of the gross area.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. operating pressures up to the expected maximum flatjack
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C1197–03
6. Preparation of Slots
6.1 Slots in masonry are normally prepared by removing the
mortar from masonry bed joints to avoid disfiguring the
masonry. Remove all mortar in the bed joint, that is, pressure
exerted by a flatjack shall be directly against the cleaned
surfaces of the masonry units.
6.2 The plan geometry of the slot shall be similar to that of
the flatjack being used. Plan dimensions of the prepared slot
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shall not exceed those of the flatjack by more than ⁄2 in. (12
mm). Slots shall be parallel and aligned vertically, and shall be
separated by not more than 1.5 times the length of the flatjack.
6.3 Prepare rectangular slots into whic
...