ASTM B611-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the High Stress Abrasion Resistance of Hard Materials
Standard Test Method for Determining the High Stress Abrasion Resistance of Hard Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The extraction of minerals from the Earth’s crust usually requires fracturing rock with tools made from metals, which have been clad, overlaid, or coated in some fashion with high hardness or wear-resistant materials, or both. Drilling, crushing, and moving rock involves high-stress abrasion on the surfaces that contact the rock. The stresses are high enough to crush or fracture the rock. This test method simulates this condition, and it is used to screen new materials for these types of applications. It can also be used as a quality control tool for materials destined for high-stress abrasion applications: slurry pumps, comminution equipment, recycling choppers, demolition equipment, etc.
5.2 Most abrasion tests use low-stress abrasion. The abrasive stays relatively intact during testing. High-stress abrasion simulates applications where the force between an abrasive substance and a tool/component will be high enough to crush the abrasive. If this describes an application under study, then this may be an appropriate test method to use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method was developed for ranking the high-stress abrasion resistance of cemented carbides, but it has been successfully used on ceramics, cermets, and metal matrix hardfacings with a hardness over 55 Rockwell hardness, C scale (HRC). The feature of this test method that discriminates it from other abrasion tests is that the abrasive is forced against the test specimen with a steel wheel with sufficient force to cause fracture of the abrasive particles. Some abrasion tests use rubber wheels to force abrasive against test surfaces (Test Methods G65 and G105). A rubber wheel produces low-stress abrasion while a steel wheel produces high-stress abrasion.
1.2 In summary, this is a high-stress laboratory abrasion test for hard materials using a water slurry of aluminum oxide particles as the abrasive medium and a rotating steel wheel to force the abrasive across a flat test specimen in line contact with the rotating wheel immersed in the slurry.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3.1 Exceptions—Subsection 4.4 and Table 1 use abrasive grit designations for particle size. The value given in parentheses is nominal dimension in micrometers based on sieve designation (Specification E11) and provided for information only. Subsection 6.2 uses the Rockwell hardness, B scale (HRB) as the standard unit of measure for hardness. In 6.4, 7.6, 7.7, and Table 1, rpm is the standard unit of measure for rotational speed.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B611 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determining the High Stress Abrasion Resistance of Hard
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B611; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This test method was developed for ranking the high-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
stress abrasion resistance of cemented carbides, but it has been
successfully used on ceramics, cermets, and metal matrix
2. Referenced Documents
hardfacings with a hardness over 55 Rockwell hardness, C
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
scale (HRC).The feature of this test method that discriminates
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
itfromotherabrasiontestsisthattheabrasiveisforcedagainst
Sieves
the test specimen with a steel wheel with sufficient force to
G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
causefractureoftheabrasiveparticles.Someabrasiontestsuse
G65Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry
rubber wheels to force abrasive against test surfaces (Test
Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus
Methods G65 and G105).Arubber wheel produces low-stress
G105Test Method for Conducting Wet Sand/Rubber Wheel
abrasion while a steel wheel produces high-stress abrasion.
Abrasion Tests
1.2 Insummary,thisisahigh-stresslaboratoryabrasiontest
3
2.2 American National Standard:
for hard materials using a water slurry of aluminum oxide
ANSI B74.12Specification for the Size ofAbrasive Grain -
particles as the abrasive medium and a rotating steel wheel to
Grinding Wheels, Polishing and General Industrial Uses
force the abrasive across a flat test specimen in line contact
with the rotating wheel immersed in the slurry.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms found in this test
standard.
method, please refer to Terminology Standard G40.
1.3.1 Exceptions—Subsection 4.4 and Table 1 use abrasive
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
grit designations for particle size. The value given in paren-
3.2.1 abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard
theses is nominal dimension in micrometers based on sieve
protuberancesforcedagainstandmovingalongasolidsurface.
designation (Specification E11) and provided for information
3.2.2 high-stress abrasion, n—progressive material removal
only. Subsection 6.2 uses the Rockwell hardness, B scale
from a hard solid surface by the action of hard particles rolling
(HRB)asthestandardunitofmeasureforhardness.In6.4,7.6,
or sliding on that surface with sufficient force to cause fracture
7.7, and Table 1, rpm is the standard unit of measure for
of the particles.
rotational speed.
3.2.3 slurry, n—a suspension of solid material in liquid.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The test specimen is a flat that is held in a vertical
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
position tangent to a rotating steel wheel immersed in water
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
slurry of aluminum oxide particles.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 The normal force holding the test specimen against the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
wheelishighenoughtocausefractureofabrasiveparticlesthat
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Wear. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published January 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as B611–13 (2018). Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/B0611-21. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C7
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B611 − 13 (Reapproved 2018) B611 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determining the High Stress Abrasion Resistance of Hard
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B611; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method was developed for ranking the high-stress abrasion resistance of cemented carbides, but it has been
successfully used on ceramics, cermets, and metal matrix hardfacings with a hardness over 55 HRC. Rockwell hardness, C scale
(HRC). The feature of this test method that discriminates it from other abrasion tests is that the abrasive is forced against the test
specimen with a steel wheel with sufficient force to cause fracture of the abrasive particles. Some abrasion tests use rubber wheels
to force abrasive against test surfaces (Test Methods G65, G105,and G75G105). A rubber wheel produces low-stress abrasion while
a steel wheel produces high-stress abrasion.
1.2 In summary, this is a high-stress laboratory abrasion test for hard materials using a water slurry of aluminum oxide particles
as the abrasive medium and a rotating steel wheel to force the abrasive across a flat test specimen in line contact with the rotating
wheel immersed in the slurry.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exceptions—Subsection 4.4 and Table 1 use abrasive grit designations for particle size. The value given in parentheses is
nominal dimension in micrometers based on sieve designation (Specification E11) and provided for information only. Subsection
6.2 uses the Rockwell hardness, B scale (HRB) as the standard unit of measure for hardness. In 6.4, 7.6, 7.7, and Table 1, rpm
is the standard unit of measure for rotational speed.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B311E11 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent PorositySpecifi-
cation for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive Wear.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2018January 2022. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20132018
as B611 – 13.B611 – 13 (2018). DOI: 10.1520/B0611-13R18.10.1520/B0611-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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B611 − 21
G65 Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus
G75 Test Method for Determination of Slurry Abrasivity (Miller Number) and Slurry Abrasion Response of Materials (SAR
Number)
G105 Test Method for Conducting Wet Sand/Rubber Wheel Abrasion Tests
3
2.2 American National Standard:
ANSI B74.12 Specification for the Size of Abrasive Grain - Grinding Wheels, Polishing and General Industrial Uses
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms found in this test method, please refer to Terminology Standard G40.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a so
...
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