ASTM D4188-08
(Practice)Standard Practice for Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-Filtration Test
Standard Practice for Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-Filtration Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation followed by filtration is an effective process to remove suspended and colloidal matter from water and waste water.
The effectiveness of this process is dependent on the type and concentration of the flocculant or coagulant, or both, the pH, the temperature, the filtration medium(a), and the filtration rate. This practice permits the evaluation of these various parameters.
This practice can also be used to determine filter backwash and rinse requirements.
The results obtained from this practice can be used for plant design of large systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure used to perform pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation-filtration of water and waste water. It is applicable to water and waste water with relatively low suspended solids (30 mg/L). The practice is applicable for any size filter greater than 100 mm (4 in.) in diameter.
1.2 This practice can be used to determine the effectiveness of flocculants or coagulants, or both, and filter medium(a) in removing suspended and colloidal material from water and waste water.
1.3 Interval between filter backwashing, backwash requirements, rinse requirements, and effect of filtration rate on effluent quality can also be obtained with this practice.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4188 − 08
StandardPractice for
Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-
1
Filtration Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D7315Test Method for Determination ofTurbidityAbove 1
Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode
1.1 This practice covers the procedure used to perform
pressurein-linecoagulation-flocculation-filtrationofwaterand
3. Terminology
waste water. It is applicable to water and waste water with
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this
relatively low suspended solids (<30 mg/L). The practice is
practice, refer to Definitions D1129.
applicable for any size filter greater than 100 mm (4 in.) in
diameter.
4. Summary of Practice
1.2 This practice can be used to determine the effectiveness
4.1 A flocculant or coagulant, or both, is added to a
of flocculants or coagulants, or both, and filter medium(a) in
pressurized flowing water or waste water stream, and the floc
removing suspended and colloidal material from water and
that forms is removed, using a filter medium(a).
waste water.
4.2 The effectiveness of the system in removing suspended
1.3 Interval between filter backwashing, backwash
andcolloidalmatterisdeterminedbymonitoringthequalityof
requirements,rinserequirements,andeffectoffiltrationrateon
the filter effluent.
effluent quality can also be obtained with this practice.
4.3 A holding tank for floc formation or floc growth is
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
optional.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.4 The practice also provides information on interval
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
between filter backwashing, backwash requirements, rinse
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
requirements and effect of filtration rate on effluent quality.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation followed by
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
filtration is an effective process to remove suspended and
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
colloidal matter from water and waste water.
D2035Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of
5.2 The effectiveness of this process is dependent on the
Water
type and concentration of the flocculant or coagulant, or both,
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
the pH, the temperature, the filtration medium(a), and the
D4189Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
filtration rate. This practice permits the evaluation of these
D6698Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Turbidity
various parameters.
Below 5 NTU in Water
D6855Test Method for Determination ofTurbidity Below 5
5.3 This practice can also be used to determine filter
NTU in Static Mode
backwash and rinse requirements.
5.4 The results obtained from this practice can be used for
1
plant design of large systems.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
6. Apparatus
Water-Formed Deposits,Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
6.1 Installation:
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally
6.1.1 To prevent contamination by corrosion products, use
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4188–82 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/D4188-08.
stainless steel, plastic, or coated (rubber or epoxy-lined) steel
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
for all wetted parts.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1.2 Take care to ensure that no contamination will occur
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. from oil films on new metal piping, release agents on raw
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4188 − 08
NOTE 4—If the suction line of the metering pump is placed into the
plastic components, or from solutions previously used in the
volume container, it is necessary to subtract the volume displaced by the
system. Thoroughly clean or degrease, or both, any materials
suction line.
that are suspect.
1
6.1.10 With small inside diameter piping ( ⁄2-in. nominal),
6.1.3 Design all pressurize
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 4188–82 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: D 4188 – 08
Standard Practice for
Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-
1
Filtration Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the procedure used to perform pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation-filtration of water and waste
water. It is applicable to water and waste water with relatively low suspended solids (<30 mg/L). The practice is applicable for
any size filter greater than 100 mm (4 in.) in diameter.
1.2 This practice can be used to determine the effectiveness of flocculants or coagulants, or both, and filter medium(a) in
removing suspended and colloidal material from water and waste water.
1.3 Interval between filter backwashing, backwash requirements, rinse requirements, and effect of filtration rate on effluent
quality can also be obtained with this practice.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water D1888Test Methods for Particulate and Dissolved Matter, Solids, or Residue in Water
D1889Test Method for Turbidity of Water
D 2035 Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D 4189 Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
3
D4187Test Methods for Zeta Potential of Colloids in Water and Waste Water
6698 Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Turbidity Below 5 NTU in Water
D4189Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water 6855 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Below 5 NTU in
Static Mode
D 7315 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Definitions D 1129.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A flocculant or coagulant, or both, is added to a pressurized flowing water or waste water stream, and the floc that forms
is removed, using a filter medium(a).
4.2 The effectiveness of the system in removing suspended and colloidal matter is determined by monitoring the quality of the
filter effluent.
4.3 A holding tank for floc formation or floc growth is optional.
4.4 The practice also provides information on interval between filter backwashing, backwash requirements, rinse requirements
and effect of filtration rate on effluent quality.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling of Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Oct. 29, 1982.July 1, 2008. Published March 1983. August 2008. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as
D 4188 – 82 (2003).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 4188 – 08
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation followed by filtration is an effective process to remove suspended and colloidal
matter from water and waste water.
5.2 The effectiveness of this process is dependent on the type and concentration of the flocculant or coagulant, or both, the pH,
the temperature, the filtration medium(a), and the filtration rate. This practice permits the evaluation of these various parameters.
5.3 This practice can also be used to determine filter backwash and rinse requirements.
5.4 The results obtained from this practice can be used for plant design of large systems.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Installation:
6.1.1 To prevent contam
...
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