ASTM D8367-21

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8367 − 21
Standard Practice for
Making a Laboratory Pavement Marking Sample Using a
Pavement Marking and Drop-on Particles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8367; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This practice covers a procedure and apparatus for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
producing a representative laboratory pavement marking
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sample by applying a pavement marking material onto a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
suitable substrate, followed immediately with an application of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
drop-on particles consisting of retroreflective optics or other
functionalparticlessuchasskidresistanceparticlessuitablefor
2. Referenced Documents
laboratory testing or display. Examples of pavement marking
2.1 ASTM Standards:
materials appropriate for this practice would include water-
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
borne traffic paint, solvent borne traffic paint, and plural
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
componentpavementmarkingssuchasepoxy,modifiedepoxy,
D2205 Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
polyurea, methyl methacrylate, and thermoplastic pavement
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
markings. Plural component materials with extremely fast gel
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
times might not be appropriate for this practice because the
D4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by
material gels too quickly to allow proper embedment of the
Notch Gages
drop-on particles.
D6628 Specification for Color of Pavement Marking Mate-
1.2 The finished sample will consist of a pavement marking
rials
material applied in a liquid state to a sample substrate at the
D7307 Practice for Sampling of Thermoplastic Pavement
prescribed film thickness, with drop-on particles applied at the
Marking Materials
prescribed drop rate and embedment level on the surface of the
D7308 Practice for Sample Preparation of Thermoplastic
pavement marking material, and then properly cured. The
Pavement Marking Materials
drop-on particles may consist of retroreflective optics such as
D8008 Practice for Representative Field Sampling of Traffic
glass beads or composite optics, or non-retroreflective particles
Paints
such as skid resistant particles, or several of these items in
E303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Proper-
combination.
ties Using the British Pendulum Tester
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard except where noted in the practice. The values Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
Geometry
given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units
that are provided for information only and are not considered E1710 Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective
Pavement Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Ge-
standard.
ometry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E2177 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Ret-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
roreflected Luminance (R ) of Pavement Markings using
L
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the Bucket Method in a Condition of Wet Recovery
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E2302 Test Method for Measurement of the Luminance
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Coefficient Under Diffuse Illumination of Pavement
Marking Materials Using a Portable Reflectometer
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D8367-21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D8367 − 21
E2832 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Ret- vent borne traffic paint, plural component such as epoxy,
roreflected Luminance of Pavement Markings in a Stan- modified epoxy, polyurea, methyl methacrylate, and thermo-
dard Condition of Continuous Wetting (R ) plastic.
L-2
2.2 AASHTO Standards:
3.1.8 pavement marking sample, n—a properly cured pave-
AASHTO TP-130-18 Producing Draw Down Panels and
ment marking of specified width, length, and thickness applied
Measuring the Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance
to an appropriate substrate; the pavement marking has drop-on
(RL) of Pavement Markings in a Laboratory Panel
particles embedded in the surface of the marking to provide
various performance characteristics such as retroreflectivity,
3. Terminology
color, and skid resistance.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.9 sample area, n—surface area of the substrate to be
3.1.1 application rate, n—the weight of particles per unit
coated with particles.
area (drop area) applied to the pavement marking sample.
3.1.2 applicator blade/wet film applicator, n—a device used
4. Summary of Practice
to apply the pavement marking material to the substrate.
4.1 A practice for making a representative pavement mark-
3.1.3 drop area, n—the area under the drop box where
ing sample in the laboratory utilizing:
particles fall.
4.1.1 A pavement marking material applied at the desig-
3.1.4 drop-on particles, n—small particles applied to the nated length, width, and thickness to the appropriate substrate
surface of a pavement marking material in an uncured utilizing an applicator blade/wet film applicator,
condition, which when said pavement marking is fully cured, 4.1.2 Drop-on particles uniformly applied at the correct
provides the pavement marking with a characteristic such as application rate to the uncured pavement marking draw down,
retroreflectivity, skid resistance, color, etc. and
4.1.3 Curing or drying the pavement marking sample ac-
3.1.4.1 non-retroreflective particles, n—assorted particles or
cording to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
aggregates that are not retroreflective; this could include
particlesusedtocolorthelineorforskidresistantapplications.
5. Significance and Use
3.1.4.2 retroreflective composite optics (RCO), n—a multi-
5.1 The method described in this practice provides a proce-
component retroreflective optical construction for use with
dure to rapidly generate pavement marking samples in the
pavement marking materials to provide retroreflective proper-
laboratory, suitable for the testing of applied pavement mark-
ties to the marking; constructions including but not limited to:
ing properties.
(1) A core covered with a pigmented adhesive and small
glass or ceramic optical beads.
5.2 This practice is intended to provide uniform laboratory
(2) Aclusterofopticalceramicorglassbeadsdistributedin
pavement marking samples that reduce the variability associ-
a polymeric matrix.
ated with obtaining pavement marking samples in the field.
(3) An optical glass bead core, covered with a pigmented
5.3 This practice is particularly useful for directly compar-
adhesive and small glass or ceramic optical beads.
ing applied pavement marking properties as impacted by
3.1.4.3 retroreflective glass bead optics, n—spherical glass
variations in materials, film thickness, and drop-on particle
manufactured for use with pavement marking materials to
application rates for quality control or development purposes.
provide retroreflective properties to the marking.
5.4 This practice can be used in evaluating pavement
3.1.4.4 skid resistance particles, n—particles or aggregate
marking materials formulated and produced in the laboratory
that is dropped on the highway marking lines or skid resistance
and for drop-on particles specifically made and prepared in the
adhesive that is used to provide friction between the vehicle or
laboratory. It can also be used for testing materials that are
pedestrian and the road.
already manufactured and either stored as work-in-process or
3.1.5 particle drop box, n—a laboratory device used to
placed in its final packaging. When testing manufactured
uniformly drop a defined quantity of particles onto an uncured
materials in the finished goods state, it is extremely important
pavement marking material draw down to create a pavement
that a representative sample of the pavement marking material
marking sample for laboratory testing purposes.
and the drop-on particles are obtained for use, in order to draw
3.1.6 particle drop box sample base, n—a laboratory device the proper conclusions from any testing done on pavement
marking samples made from these materials. For proper
used with the particle drop box to align the pavement marking
sample area with the particle drop area. sampling of thermoplastic pavement markings in a finished
good state, it is recommended to follow Practices D7307 and
3.1.7 pavement marking material, n—a pigmented binder
D7308. For proper sampling of liquid pavement marking with
system used for lane delineation for highways, parking lots,
both single and multicomponent materials, it is recommended
and other areas subject to vehicular traffic; applicable pave-
to follow Practice D8008.
ment marking materials include waterborne traffic paint, sol-
6. Interferences
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
6.1 Samples made in the laboratory do not represent the full
Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org. range of variability experienced in a field application resulting
D8367 − 21
NOTE 3—Applicator blade gap size does not equal wet film thickness.
from variations in weather, road roughness, cleanliness,
Many variables affect the wet film thickness achieved using an applicator
equipment, and operators.
blade. It is recommended to use a wet film thickness gauge to verify wet
6.2 In the field, pavement markings are applied using a
film thickness per Practice D4414, or another appropriate method suitable
for validating film thickness for materials after curing.
variety of application methods including spray, ribbon extrude,
NOTE 4—Practice making pavement marking samples to determine the
and conventional extrusion methods. Creating a pavement
appropriate applicator blade gap size for the desired film thickness and the
marking sample in the laboratory with lab application equip-
appropriate pavement marking sample size. Verify required film thickness
ment may produce unexpected results not seen in the field
and adjust gap size as necessary. Use only a slight excess of pavement
when applied under field conditions with standard application
marking material as this provides enough material to make a pavement
equipment. Some pavement markings may harden too quickly,
marking sample of the desired area and thickness without creating a mess.
For liquid pavement marking materials such as paint, epoxy, and polyurea
preventing proper drop-on particle embedment, making this
applied at a wet film from 15 mils to 30 mils, a bird film applicator or
method unacceptable for use. Pavement marking samples
similar device can be used. For methyl methacrylate and thermoplastic
created using this practice should be evaluated for the proper
pavement markings applied at a dry film thickness of 40 mils to 150 mils
embedment of the drop-on particles after complete curing of
(or in some cases greater), an appropriate drawdown device can be used.
the pavement marking film (see Appendix X1 for details on
9.2 Determine the desired drop-on particle application rate
how to evaluate embedment). If the drop-on particles are not
for the optics or non-retroreflective particles to be applied to
properlyembedded,adjustmentstotheprocessshouldbemade
the pavement marking sample. Refer to the manufacturer’s
to achieve proper embedment.
recommendations for recommended application rates.
7. Apparatus and Equipment
9.3 Weigh out the exact quantity of drop-on particles for the
7.1 Particle Drop Box, see Annex A1.
desired particle application rate, based on the particle drop box
7.2 Particle Drop Box Sample Base.
area, and set aside. For a double drop system weigh out the
exact quantity of each drop-on particle type based on the
7.3 Applicator Blade.
particle box drop area, and set each sample aside.
7.4 Substrate Panel (asphalt, concrete, aluminum, glass,
General Formula:
plastic, wood, coated card stock, cardboard, drawdown cards,
Particle Weight 5 Desired Drop-on Particle Application Rate
etc.). ~
expressed in weight per unit area!
7.5 Scale, for weighing (0.1 g accuracy).
3 ~Particle Drop Box Area! (1)
7.6 Container, for mixing and pouring pavement marking in
NOTE 5—The pavement marking draw down must fit within the particle
a liquid state onto the substrate.
drop area under the particle drop box. Draw downs of any size within the
7.7 Water, Solvent, or Other Appropriate Cleaner, in a particle drop area will receive the same drop rate of particles assuming the
drop box produces a uniform distribution in the particle drop area.
container, and appropriate tools for immediate cleaning of the
applicator blade.
9.3.1 Example—Determine the weight of optics in grams
7.8 Drying Oven (optional). required for making a pavement marking sample with a
recommended drop rate of 0.1 lb/ft with the drop box in Fig.
7.9 Wet Film Thickness Gauge, per Practice D4414 for
1. The inside length of the box is dimensionF=20in.The
measuring wet film thickness.
inside width of the box is dimensionG=5in.
7.10 Dry Film Thickness Gauge, for measuring dry film
Calculations:
thickness.
W 5 R 3454 3.00694 3 A (2)
~ ! ~ !
8. Reagents and Materials
where:
8.1 Substrate Panel (asphalt, concrete, aluminum, glass,
W = required weight of drop-on particles expressed in
plastic, drawdown cards, etc.).
grams,
NOTE 1—Substrate should not warp or deform after marking cures.
R = desiredapplicationrateofparticlesexpressedinpounds
NOTE 2—For retroreflectivity measurements the panel needs to be large
per square foot (lb/ft ), and
enough to fit under the retroreflectometer. Refer to the retroreflectometers
A = inside area of drop box expressed in square inches
manufacturers recommendations.
(in. ).
8.2 Water or Solvent, for use with wash bucket and brush.
W 5 0.1 3 454 3 .00694 3 100 5 31.5 g (3)
~ !
8.3 Pavement Marking Material.
NOTE 6—This calculation includes the conversion of the desired
2 2
8.4 Drop-on Particles:
application rate from lb/ft to g/in. for easier application of the method in
the laboratory.
8.4.1 Retroreflective optics.
8.4.2 Non-retroreflective particles (skid resistant particles,
9.4 Place particle drop box within reach but not in the way
colored particles, etc.).
of particle drop box sample base.
9. Procedure
9.5 Uniformly distribute the drop-on particles in the trough
9.1 Select appr
...