ASTM F1922-98

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Designation:F1922–98
Standard Test Method for
Tires, Pneumatic, Vehicular, Highway
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1922; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This ASTM Standard has been developed to replace ASTM Provisional Standard PS 63-97. The
provisional standard was approved so that the U.S. military and other government agencies could
continue to purchase tested and qualified tires, until F 1922 had been approved. The provisional
standard replaced the government’s specification ZZ-T-381, Federal Specification, Tires, Pneumatic,
Vehicular, Highway, under the former Federal Tire Program. That program was discontinued and is
replaced by the U.S. Army Tank Automotive Command’s Cooperative Tire Qualification Program
(CTQP).Whilefulfillingthemilitary’scommercialandtacticalneeds,theCTQPwillcontinuetoserve
federal, state and local agencies that want to purchase qualified tires using this test method.
This test method is designed to be used in conjunction with the Administrator’s Approval and
Requirements Manual (CTQPF 1922) (1) , to qualify tires for purchase primarily by the U.S. federal
government, military and other state and local entities.
1. Scope F 538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-
formance of Tires
1.1 Thistestmeasurescomparativetiredurabilityandtread-
F 414 Test Method for Energy Absorbed by a Tire when
wear.This test method covers commercially available, over the
Deformed by a Slow-Moving Plunger
highway pneumatic tires, new and retreaded, both tube type
F 1806 Practice for Tire Testing Operations—Basic Con-
and tubeless, for use on conventional passenger cars, station
cepts and Terminology for Reference Tire Use
wagons, pursuit and emergency high speed and pursuit passen-
ger vehicles, light trucks, medium to heavy truck, trailers,
3. Terminology
buses, and similar vehicles normally operated on public roads
3.1 Definitions:
and highways. This test method also covers commercially
3.1.1 alignment, n—the adjustment of various parts of the
available, special application light truck tires for operation on
vehicle’s suspension system to ensure proper handling stability
non-improved road surfaces.
and to minimize abnormal tire treadwear.
1.2 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as standard.
3.1.2 balancing, n—a process to correct for heavy or light
The values given in parentheses are for information only.
areas of a tire and wheel assembly.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—There are some instances where bal-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ancing is done to the tire within the factory by the manufac-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
turer.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3 bead, n—of a tire, the part of a tire that comes in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
contact with the rim and is shaped to secure the tire to the rim.
2. Referenced Documents F 538
3.1.4 bead separation, n—a breakdown of bond between
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tire components in the bead area.
D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
3.1.5 belt separation, n—a breakdown of bonding between
Hardness
the belts or plies or tread, or combination thereof.
3.1.6 break, n—acrackortearextendingintoorthroughthe
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF-9onTiresand reinforcing material.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F9.20 on Vehicular Testing.
3.1.7 candidate tire, n—a test tire that is part of a test
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1998. Published January 1999.
program. F 1806
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
this standard.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1922–98
3.1.8 caravan, n—for purposes of a tire test, two or more 3.1.25 tire, n—a load-bearing ground-contacting circumfer-
vehicles running in the same time frame, over the same test ential attachment to a vehicle wheel. F 538
course(s), under similar but independent conditions. 3.1.26 tire, bias, n—a pneumatic tire in which the ply cords
3.1.8.1 Discussion—A caravan can have dissimilar control thatextendtothebeadsarelaidatanglessubstantiallylessthan
90 degrees to the center line of the tread. F 538
groups for each vehicle in the group with independent rotation
schedules for each tire group and vehicle. A caravan is 3.1.26.1 Discussion—It should be noted that the Interna-
independent and a convoy is interdependent. tional Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines the word
as, “bias ply tire (diagonal), n—a pneumatic tire in which the
3.1.9 casing, n—of a tire, a used or treadless tire to which
additional tread rubber may be attached for the purpose of ply cords extending to the beads are laid at alternate angles
substantially less than 90 degrees to the center line of the
retreading. F 538
tread.”
3.1.10 control tire, n—a reference tire used in a specified
3.1.27 tire, radial, n—a pneumatic tire in which the ply
manner throughout a test program. F 1806
cords that extend to the beads are laid substantially at 90
3.1.11 convoy, n—in tire testing, two or more vehicles
degrees to the center line of the tread, the tire being stabilized
running at the same time, over the same test course, under the
by a belt. F 538
same interdependent conditions.
3.1.27.1 Discussion—It should be noted that the Interna-
3.1.12 cord, n—in a tire, filament(s) or plied yarns used in
tional Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines the word
making a tire ply. F 538
as, “radial tire, n—a pneumatic tire structure in which the ply
3.1.13 cross-country track, n—surface not subject to re-
cords extend to the beads and are laid substantially at 90
peated traffic in addition, no roads, routes, well-worn trails or
degrees to the center line of the tread, the carcass being
man-made improvements; can consist of tank trails with
stabilized by an essentially inextensible circumferential belt.”
crushed rock or having large exposed obstacles (rocks, boul-
3.1.28 tread, n—of a tire, the part of a tire that comes in
ders, etc.).
contact with the ground. F 538
3.1.14 gravel road, n—two lane, all-weather, occasionally
3.1.29 tread arc width, n—the length of the arc measured
maintained, hard or loose surface (for example, large rock,
from one extreme of tread design proper to the opposite
paved, crushed rock, gravel) intended for medium-weight,
extreme; that is, from shoulder to shoulder perpendicular to the
low-density traffic, in accordance with the U.S. Federal High-
circumferential center line. F 538
way Administration.
3.1.30 tread radius, n—the radius of a circle whose arc best
3.1.15 groove, n—a void that is relatively narrow compared
fits the tread surface when radius template used in head
to its length. F 538
perpendicular to the circumferential center line of an inflated
3.1.16 groove (void) depth, n—measurement of the perpen-
tire. F 538
dicular distance from a real or calculated reference defined by
edges of two adjacent ribs (lugs) to the lowest point of contact
4. Significance and Use
in the groove (void). F 538
4.1 This test method establishes a standard procedure of
3.1.17 load range, n—a letter designation (A, B, C, D) or,
for P-metric tires, standard load (SL) or extra load (XL), used comparative testing, for tire durability and treadwear, for the
use of approving tires under the Administrator’s Cooperative
to identify a given size tire with its load and inflation limits
Approved Tire List (CATL) (2).
when used in a specific type of service. F 538
3.1.18 load rating, n—the maximum load a tire is rated to
5. Procedure
carry for a given usage at a specified cold inflation pressure.
F 538
5.1 Procedures for testing passenger car, light truck, and
3.1.19 outside diameter, n—themaximumdiameterofatire
truck-bus tires are contained in Methods 1, 2, and 3 respec-
when it is mounted and inflated. F 538
tively. Procedures for testing Off Road Severe Application
3.1.20 overall width, n—the maximum cross-sectional
(ORSA) tires are contained in Method 4.
width of a tire, including protective or decorative ribs. F 538
5.2 Method 1—Passenger Car Tires:
3.1.21 paved road, n—two or more lanes, all-weather,
5.2.1 Selection and Preparation of the Test Tires:
maintained, hard surface roads with good driving visibility
5.2.1.1 All tires shall meet specified requirements of 49
used for heavy and high-density traffic, in accordance with the
CFR 571 Federal MotorVehicle Safety Standard 109, 110, 117
U.S. Federal Highway Administration.
(3); part 574 (4); part 575.104 (5); as well as state and local
3.1.22 secondary road, n—two lane, occasionally main- regulations, as applicable. All tire sidewall markings shall be
tained, hard or loose surface (for example, large rock, paved
recorded.
crush rock, gravel, soil aggregate) intended for medium-
5.2.1.2 Retreaded tires submitted for testing shall meet the
weight,low-densitytraffic,inaccordancewiththeU.S.Federal
requirements in the Administrator’s Approval and Require-
Highway Administration. F 538
ments Manual for Tire, Pneumatic: Retreaded and Repaired
3.1.23 section width, n—the width of a new tire, including (CTQP-441) (6).
24-h inflation growth and including normal sidewalls, but not
5.2.2 Tire Durability and Treadwear Road Test—The dura-
including protective side ribs, bars, or decorations. bility and treadwear road tests shall be performed at a
3.1.24 sidewall, n—of a tire, that portion of a tire between commercial test facility acceptable to theAdministrator or at a
the tread and the bead. F 538 Government test facility as specified.
F1922–98
5.2.3 Vehicle(s) Selection and Preparation—The vehicle(s) 5.2.5.2 Control Tire Selection—New and retreaded tires
used for testing passenger car tires shall be of the same shall be tested separately. Testing for new tires shall incorpo-
rate a new passenger car tire as the control tire, and testing for
manufacture, model and model year, have identical drive trains
(engine CID and horsepower, transmissions, and rear axle retreaded tires shall incorporate a retread passenger car tire as
the control tire.
ratio), brake shoes/disc pads and drums/rotors, suspension
components, etc., and be of identical curb weight. All ve- 5.2.5.3 Tire Rotation Procedure—The tire rotation period
for each passenger car tire shall be at each 1287 km (800 mile)
hicle(s) used for testing shall be rear wheel drive. The load on
each wheel shall not be less than 85 % nor more than 90 % of increment of the test (25 rotation periods). Each test tire shall
be rotated to a different wheel position at each tire rotation
the maximum single load of the test tire for passenger car, as
period of the test. Each test tire shall be rotated to another
specified inTheTire and RimAssociation, Inc.,Year Book (7),
vehicleafterbeingmountedontwopositionsofavehicle.Each
TheEuropeanTyreandRimTechnicalOrganization,Standards
test tire is to be rotated to a different wheel position at each
Manual (8), or the Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers’
prescribed rotation period (see Administrator’s Approval and
Association, Inc., Year Book (9). After the vehicle(s) is (are)
Requirements Manual for use with F 1922 (1)). The rotation
correctlyloaded,it(they)shallstandfor24h.Ifthesuspension
patternistobearearward-crosspatterninwhichthetireonthe
bottoms out during this period, the vehicle(s) shall not be used
forwardaxleofthetestvehicleismovedtotherearaxleofthat
toconductthetest.Aconstantweightshallbemaintainedinthe
vehicle on the opposite side. The tire on the rear axle is to be
driver’s seat area that will equate the driver to that of the
rotated to the forward axle of the next test vehicle in the
heaviest driver in the caravan. All axles of the vehicle(s) shall
convoy on the same side. The tire on the rear axle of the last
be aligned in accordance with the vehicle manufacturers’
test vehicle in the convoy is to be moved to the front most axle
specifications prior to the beginning of the test. This alignment
on the same side of the first test vehicle in the convoy. When
shall be checked at each tire rotation period.Any change in the
only a single test vehicle is involved, the tire rotation shall
vehicle’s(s’) or wheel’s(s’) alignment outside the manufactur-
continue on that vehicle for the duration of the test. The test
er’s specifications shall be recorded and corrected. Vehicle(s)
vehicle shall remain in the same order in the convoy through-
shall be inspected before each test period for loose steering
out the entire test for any particular type of tire.
linkage, loose suspension components, loose wheel nuts, dam-
5.2.5.4 Test Course Procedure—The test course for passen-
aged rims, etc. If an anomaly is noted, it shall be recorded and
ger car tires shall consist of 32 180 6 32 km (20 000 6 20
corrected. Tires of different sizes or constructionsshall not be
miles) of paved operation for each tire. The first 1287 km (800
mixed on any test vehicle(s). Tires of each group shall be
miles) shall be a break-in period. At least 80 % of the paved
mounted on the test vehicle(s) as singles—one tire on each
surface test shall be conducted at no less than 88 kph (55 mph)
wheelposition.Tiresofeachgroupshallbetestedonvehicle(s)
and no more than 105 kph (65 mph). The remaining portion of
incaravanorinaconvoyattheAdministrator’sdiscretion.Any
the test shall be conducted between 0 and 105 kph (0 and 65
modification(s) to the vehicle(s) or to test procedures to carry
mph). The remaining portion of the test shall be conducted
the load must be approved by the Administrator.
between 0 and 105 kph (0 and 65 mph). Vehicle(s) shall be
5.2.4 Mounting—The tires shall be mounted with tubes
operated over the same route at the same speed, to the
(when required) and flaps (if required) on rims specified in and
maximum extent possible. Maximum speed is 105 kph (65
inflated to the air pressure for the specified load as in The Tire
mph).
and Rim Association, Inc., Year Book (7), The European Tyre
5.3 Method 2—Light Truck Tires:
and Rim Technical Organization, Standards Manual (8),orthe
5.3.1 Selection and Preparation of the Test Tires:
Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers’ Association, Inc., Year
5.3.1.1 All tires shall meet specified requirements 49 CFR
Book (9).The air used for inflating tires or tubes, or bo
...