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ASTM D5760-05

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear Lubricants

Standard Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear Lubricants

ABSTRACT
This specification provides a list of test methods and acceptance criteria for determining the performance acceptability of gear lubricants used in nonsynchronized heavy duty manual transmission (MT-1). The test methods listed here shall be able to examine the following properties of the gear lubricants: viscosity increase; pentane insolubles; toluene insolubles; carbon/varnish rating; sludge rating; hardness and volume change, and elongation of polyacrylate and fluoroelastomer; falling load stage; and foam tendency.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification lists the test methods and acceptance criteria for determining the acceptability of lubricants used in nonsynchronized heavy duty manual transmission.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2005
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.03 - Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5760-95e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear Lubricants
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D5760-09 - Standard Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear Lubricants
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5662-19a - Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Gear Oil Compatibility with Typical Oil Seal Elastomers
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7603-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Storage Stability and Compatibility in Automotive Gear Oils
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005

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ASTM D5760-05 - Standard Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear LubricantsASTM D5760-05 - Standard Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear Lubricants
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ASTM D5760-05 - Standard Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear Lubricants
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5760 – 05
Standard Specification for
1
Performance of Manual Transmission Gear Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5760; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification lists the test methods and acceptance 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
criteria for determining the acceptability of lubricants used in 3.1.1 nonsynchronized transmission, n—a transmission
nonsynchronized heavy duty manual transmission. having no means for synchronizing the speeds of engaging
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the elements. Typical heavy-duty manual transmissions have no
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information such means for gear engagement by the shift lever, but may
only. have such means for pneumatic engagement of auxiliary range
gears.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2 oil seal compatibility, n—in lubricants for lubricating
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: manual transmissions and final drive axles, prevention of
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-
chemical or thermal degradation of seal elastomers typically
troleum Products by Copper Strip Test observed as hardening, cracking, or excessive swelling in a
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
manner which would result in oil leakage.
ing Oils 3.1.3 thermal oxidation, n—in lubricants used for lubricat-
D5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing Load Ca-
ing manual transmissions and final drive axles,deteriorationof
pacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method) the lubricant under high-temperature conditions which is
D5579 Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of
observed as viscosity increase of the lubricant, insolubles
Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability formation in the lubricant, deposit formation on the parts, or
Test
combination thereof.
D5662 Test Method for Determining Automotive Gear Oil
4. Performance Classification
Compatibility with Typical Oil Seal Elastomers
D5704 Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and 4.1 MT-1—The temporary designation MT-1 has been as-
Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual signed to identify the category for manual transmissions, apart
Transmissions and Final Drive Axles from API Service Category GL-4. (See Appendix X1 for
3
2.2 Federal Standards: background information on this category.)
Federal Standard No. 791C, Method 3430.2 Compatibility
4 5. Performance Requirements
Characteristics of Universal Gear Lubricants
Federal Standard No. 791C, Method 3440.1 Storage Solu- 5.1 MT-1 performance requirements for candidate gear
4
lubricants are provided in Table 1.
bility Characteristics of Universal Gear Lubricants
4
2.3 Military Standard:
6. Number of Tests and Retests
MIL-PRF-2105E Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose
6.1 Test Method D5704—In determining whether an oil
meets the required limits the following rules shall apply:
6.1.1 No more than three operationally valid tests are to be
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
conducted for compliance testing.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6.1.2 L-60 data used for MT-1 approval may not be gener-
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
5
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
ated prior to Test Monitoring Center (TMC) calibration of the
´1
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D5760 – 95 . DOI:
stand for all MT-1 parameters. Stand bias adjustment factors
10.1520/D5760-05.
2 based on reference oil test results will be applied when
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
appropriate.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
6.1.3 After applying any appropriate stand bias adjustment
the ASTM website.
factors, the first test shall meet or exceed all limits.
3
Information available from Commanding Officer,Army Materials and Mechan-
ics Research Center, Attention: AMXMR-TMS, Watertown, MA 02127.
4
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
5
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206–4489.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5760 – 05
TABLE 1 MT-1 Category Tests and A
...

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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
Note 1: Low temperature viscosity values obtained by either interpolation or extrapolation of oils may be subject to errors caused by gelation and other forms of non-Newtonian response to spindle speed and torque.  
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1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
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5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
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1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
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Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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