ASTM E2001-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in Both Metallic and Non-metallic Parts
Standard Guide for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in Both Metallic and Non-metallic Parts
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The primary advantage of RUS is its ability of making numerous measurements in a single test. In addition, it can examine rough ground parts. It requires little sample preparation, no couplants, and generally will work with soiled items; however, it has limited capability with soft materials. Soft metals, polymers, rubbers, and wood parts must be considered on a case by case basis.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes a procedure for detecting defects in metallic and non-metallic parts using the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy method. The procedure is intended for use with instruments capable of exciting and recording whole body resonant states within parts which exhibit acoustical or ultrasonic ringing. It is used to distinguish acceptable parts from those containing defects, such as cracks, voids, chips, density defects, tempering changes, and dimensional variations that are closely correlated with the parts' mechanical system dynamic response.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2001 − 18
Standard Guide for
Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in
1
Both Metallic and Non-metallic Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E2534PracticeforProcessCompensatedResonanceTesting
Via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts
1.1 Thisguidedescribesaprocedurefordetectingdefectsin
E3081Practice for Outlier Screening Using Process Com-
metallic and non-metallic parts using the resonant ultrasound
pensated Resonance Testing via Swept Sine Input for
spectroscopy method. The procedure is intended for use with
Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts
instruments capable of exciting and recording whole body
resonant states within parts which exhibit acoustical or ultra-
3. Terminology
sonic ringing. It is used to distinguish acceptable parts from
3.1 Definitions—Thedefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconven-
those containing defects, such as cracks, voids, chips, density
tional ultrasonics can be found in Terminology E1316.
defects,temperingchanges,anddimensionalvariationsthatare
closely correlated with the parts’ mechanical system dynamic
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
response.
3.2.1 resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (RUS), n—a nonde-
structive examination method, which employs resonant ultra-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
sound methodology for the detection and assessment of varia-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
tions and mechanical properties of a test object. In this
standard.
procedure, whereby a rigid part is caused to resonate, the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
resonances are compared to a previously defined resonance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pattern.Basedonthiscomparisonthepartisjudgedtobeeither
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
acceptable or unacceptable.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.2 swept sine method, n—the use of an excitation source
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to create a transient vibration in a test object over a range of
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
frequencies. Specifically, the input frequency is swept over a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
range of frequencies and the output is characterized by a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
resonant amplitude response spectrum.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.3 impulse excitation method, n—striking an object with
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a mechanical impact, or electromagnetic field (laser and/or
Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT)) causing mul-
2. Referenced Documents
tiple resonances to be simultaneously stimulated.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.4 resonant inspection (RI), n—any induced resonant
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
nondestructive examination method employing an excitation
E1876Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear
force to create mechanical resonances for the purpose of
Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio by Impulse Excitation of
identifying a test object’s conformity to an established accept-
Vibration
able pattern.
3
4. Summary of the Technology (1)
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
4.1 Introduction:
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic
4.1.1 In addition to its basic research applications in
Method.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
physics, materials science, and geophysics, Resonant Ultra-
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2001-13. DOI:
sound Spectroscopy (RUS) has been used successfully as an
10.1520/E2001-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
the ASTM website. this guide.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2001 − 13 E2001 − 18
Standard Guide for
Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in
1
Both Metallic and Non-metallic Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide describes a procedure for detecting defects in metallic and non-metallic parts using the resonant ultrasound
spectroscopy method. The procedure is intended for use with instruments capable of exciting and recording whole body resonant
states within parts which exhibit acoustical or ultrasonic ringing. It is used to distinguish acceptable parts from those containing
defects, such as cracks, voids, chips, density defects, tempering changes, and dimensional variations that are closely correlated with
the parts’ mechanical system dynamic response.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1876 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
E2534 Practice for Process Compensated Resonance Testing Via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts
E3081 Practice for Outlier Screening Using Process Compensated Resonance Testing via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and
Non-Metallic Parts
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to conventional ultrasonics can be found in Terminology E1316.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (RUS), n—a nondestructive examination method, which employs resonant ultrasound
methodology for the detection and assessment of variations and mechanical properties of a test object. In this procedure, whereby
a rigid part is caused to resonate, the resonances are compared to a previously defined resonance pattern. Based on this comparison
the part is judged to be either acceptable or unacceptable.
3.2.2 swept sine method, n—the use of an excitation source to create a transient vibration in a test object over a range of
frequencies. Specifically, the input frequency is swept over a range of frequencies and the output is characterized by a resonant
amplitude response spectrum.
3.2.3 impulse excitation method, n—striking an object with a mechanical impact, or electromagnetic field (laser and/or EMAT)
Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT)) causing multiple resonances to be simultaneously stimulated.
3.2.4 resonant inspection (RI), n—any induced resonant nondestructive examination method employing an excitation force to
create mechanical resonances for the purpose of identifying a test object’s conformity to an established acceptable pattern.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2018. Published January 2014November 2018. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20082013
as E2001 - 08.E2001 - 13. DOI: 10.1520/E2001-13.10.1520/E2001-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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