ASTM D4516-19

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Designation: D4516 − 19
Standard Practice for
1
Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers the standardization of permeate 3.1 Definitions:
flow and salt passage data for reverse osmosis (RO) systems. 3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
Terminologies D1129 and D6161.
1.2 This practice is applicable to waters including brackish
3.1.2 For description of terms relating to RO, refer to Test
waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste
Methods D4194 and Terminology D6161.
waters.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Summary of Practice
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1 This practice consists of calculating the permeate flow
standard.
and salt passage of RO systems at a standard set of conditions
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
using data obtained at actual operating conditions.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 During the operation of an RO system, system condi-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tions such as pressure, temperature, conversion, and feed
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
concentration can vary, causing permeate flow and salt passage
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
to change. To effectively evaluate system performance, it is
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
necessary to compare permeate flow and salt passage data at
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the same conditions. Since data may not always be obtained at
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the same conditions, it is necessary to convert the RO data
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
obtained at actual conditions to a set of selected constant
conditions, thereby standardizing the data. This practice gives
2. Referenced Documents
the procedure to standardize RO data.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 This practice can be used for both spiral wound and
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
hollow fiber systems.
D4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-
verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
5.3 This practice can be used for a single element or a
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration,
multi-element system. However, if the RO system is brine
Nanofiltration,andReverseOsmosisMembraneProcesses
staged, that is, the brine from one group of RO devices is the
feedtoasecondgroupofROdevices,standardizethepermeate
flow and salt passage for each stage separately.
5.4 This practice is applicable for RO systems with high
rejections and with no significant leaks between the feed-brine
and permeate streams.
6. Procedure
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
6.1 Standardization of Permeate Flow:
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
Exchange Materials.
6.1.1 Calculate the permeate flow at standard conditions
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published July 2019. Originally approved
using Eq 1:
in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4516 – 00 (2010), which was
withdrawn January 2019 and reinstated in July 2019. DOI: 10.1520/D4516-19.
∆P
fbs
2
P 2 2 P 2π 1π TCF
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or F G ~ !
fs ps fbs ps s
2
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Q 5 Q (1)
~ !
ps pa
∆P
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on fba
P 2 2 P 2π 1π TCF
F G ~ !
fa pa fba pa a
the ASTM website. 2
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1

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D4516 − 19
where: 6.3 In Eq 1, TCF and TCF are dependent on the type of
s a
device (spiral or hollow fiber) and on the membrane type
Q = permeate flow at standard conditions,
ps
(celluloseacetate,polyamide,composite).Obtainequationsfor
P = feed pressure at standard conditions, kPa,
fs
∆P
= one half device pressure drop at standard conditions, TCF and TCF from the supplier of device. If unavailable use
fbs
s a
2
kPa, Eq 3 and Eq 4.
P = permeate pressure at standard conditions, kPa,
T 2 25
...