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ASTM D6751-07

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers biodiesel (B100) Grades S15 and S500 for use as a blend component with middle distillate fuels.
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of biodiesel fuel at the time and place of delivery.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.Note 1
The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2007
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6751-06a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D6751-07a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM E1259-23 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Antimicrobials in Liquid Fuels Boiling Below 390 °C
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6217-21 - Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory Filtration<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7467-20a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7397-21 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Miniaturized Optical Method)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D8274-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil by Portable Rapid Mid-Infrared Analyzer
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7806-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) and Triglyceride Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR Transmission Method)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6469-20 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5772-21 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Linear Cooling Rate Method)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7683-21 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Small Test Jar Method)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7797-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D8149-20 - Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Ion Chromatographic Determination of Heteroatoms and Anions in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7501-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Fuel Filter Blocking Potential of Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) by Cold Soak Filtration Test (CSFT)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7689-21 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007

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ASTM D6751-07 - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsASTM D6751-07 - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
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ASTM D6751-07 - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6751 – 07
Standard Specification for
Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate
1
Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of PetroleumProducts
by Potentiometric Titration
1.1 This specification covers biodiesel (B100) Grades S15
D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
and S500 for use as a blend component with middle distillate
and Additives
fuels.
D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-
Indicator Titration
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
required properties of biodiesel fuel at the time and place of
D 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-
delivery.
late Fuels
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
D 1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more
at Reduced Pressure
restrictive.
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
NOTE 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
(Lamp Method)
problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may
D 1796 TestMethodforWaterandSedimentinFuelOilsby
be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
only.
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
2. Referenced Documents
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
Closed Cup Tester
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
D3117 Test Method forWaxAppearance Point of Distillate
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
Fuels
D 189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of
D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
Petroleum Products
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
lometry
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
D 3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
ity)
D 3828 TestMethodsforFlashPointbySmallScaleClosed
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
Cup Tester
Petroleum Products
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
Petroleum Products
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Products by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
trometry
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originally
D 4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue
approved in 1999 as PS 121–99.Adopted as a standard in 2002 as D 6751–02. Last
previous edition approved in 2006 as D 6751–06b.
(Micro Method)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
Variable Equation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6751–07
D 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static reacted alcohol. The alcohol used in the reaction may or may
Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems not come from renewable resources.
D 4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele- 3.1.2 biodiesel blend, BXX, n—a blend of biodiesel fuel
ments in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma with petroleum-based diesel fuel.
Atomic Emission Spectrometry 3.1.2.1 Discus
...

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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcommittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel for use as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity, and to make a determination that the proposed properties and criteria in the associated standard specification provide the necessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitability during high-volume production.  
1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
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1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
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Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
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Gas Oils  
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C  
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510+ (950+ )  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
Note 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
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1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.  
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).  
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1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
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Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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