ASTM F1060-18

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Designation: F1060 − 16 F1060 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Conductive and Compressive Heat Resistance
(CCHR)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to measure the thermal insulationthermal-protective properties of materials used in protective
clothing when exposed for a short period of time to a hot surface with a temperature up to 600°F (316°C). that provide thermal
insulation when contact is made with hot surfaces during a limited exposure up to 1 min.
1.1.1 During this limited time exposure, the temperature can reach a threshold approaching 600 °F (316 °C).
1.2 This test method is applicable to Because there is significant potential for injury, the thermal-insulative properties of the
materials used in the construction of protective clothing,clothing including, but not limited to:to, woven fabrics, knit fabrics,
battings, sheet structures, and material composites, intended for use as clothing for protection against exposure to hot surfaces. any
composites, need to demonstrate they are capable of reaching a heat threshold that is sufficient to allow prediction of either a pain
sensation or a second-degree burn injury to human tissue.
1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
to heat under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the thermal hazard or fire risk of
materials, products, or assemblies under actual exposure conditions.
1.4 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles
F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—In testing thermal protection clothing material, the response to hot surface contact is indicated by the following
descriptive terms:
3.1.1 charring—the formation of a carbonaceous residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
3.1.2 embrittlement—the formation of a brittle residue as a result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
2 2
3.1.3 heat flux—the thermal intensity indicated by the amount of energy transmitted divided by area and time, W/m (cal/cm ·s).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.80 on Flame and Thermal.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2016Aug. 1, 2018. Published September 2016August 2018. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20082016
as F1060 - 08.F1060 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/F1060-16.10.1520/F1060-18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1060 − 18
3.1.4 human tissue heat tolerance (heat tolerance)—in the testing of thermal protective thermal-protective materials, the amount
of thermal energy predicted to cause a second-degree burn injury in human tissue.
3.1.5 ignition—the initiation of combustion.
3.1.6 melting—a material response evidenced by softening of the polymer.
3.1.7 shrinkage—a decrease in one or more dimensions of an object or material.
3.1.8 sticking—a material response evidenced by softening and adherence of the material to the surface of itself or another
material.
3.1.9 thermal end point—in the testing of thermal protective thermal-protective materials, the point where the copper slug
calorimeter sensor response (heat energy measured) intersects with a predicted skin burn injury model.
3.1.10 thermal-protective properties, n—the measurement of the thermal insulative properties demonstrated by a specific
combination of materials before reaching the data point where the heat threshold can predict either a pain sensation, or predict a
second-degree burn injury to human tissue.
3.2 For all terminology related to protective clothing, see Terminology F1494.
3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method measures the performance of insulative materials. A material is placed in contact with a standard hot
surface. The amount of heat transmitted by the material is compared with the human tissue tolerance and the obvious effects of
the heat on the material are noted.
4.2 The temperature of the hot surface is measured/controlled with a thermocouple and the heat transmitted by the test specimen
is measured with a copper calorimeter. The calorimeter temperature increase is a direct measure of the heat energy received.
4.3 A contact pressure of 3 kPa (0.5 psi) is used to compare material performance under controlled conditions. If a different
pressure is chosen to represent a specific use condition, where it is used should be noted under test conditions (13.1.2.3).
4.4 The material performance is determined from the amount of heat transferred by the specimen and the observed effect of the
heat exposure on the specimen. The thermal protection is the exposure time required to cause the accumulated heat received by
the sensor to equal the heat that will result in a pain sensation (see Table 1) or cause a second degree second-degree burn in human
tissue (see Table 2), as predicted from comparison of heat transfer data with human tissue heat tolerance curves (see Table 1Tables
1 and 2 and Table 2).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method rates materials intended for use as protective clothing against exposure to hot surfaces,surfaces for their
thermal insulating properties and their reaction to the test conditions.
5.2 The thermal protection time, as determined by this test method, relates to the actual end-use performance only to the degree
that the end-use exposure is identical to the exposure used in this test method; that is, the hot surface test temperature is the same
as the actual end-use temperature and the test pressure is the same as the end-use pressure.
5.2.1 Higher pressures,pressures beyond the 3 kPa (0.5 psi) 3-kPa (0.5-psi) pressure provided by the calorimeter assembly in
this test method shall be permitted to be used in this test method to simulate the conditions of protective clothing use.
5.3 The procedure maintains the specimen in a static, horizontal position under a standard pressure and does not involve
movement.
5.4 One of the intended applications for this test method is comparing the relative performance of different materials.
TABLE 1 Human Tissue Tolerance to Pain Sensation
Heat Flux Total Heat Calorimeter Equivalent
Exposure
2 2 2 2
Time
cal/cm ·sec W/cm cal/cm ·s W sec/cm ΔT°, FΔT, °F ΔT°, CΔT, °C ΔmV
1.0 0.640 2.70 0.640 2.70 8.53 4.74 0.250
1.5 0.475 2.00 0.713 3.00 9.51 5.28 0.275
2.0 0.385 1.61 0.770 3.22 10.27 5.71 0.293
3.0 0.280 1.17 0.840 3.51 11.20 6.22 0.322
5.0 0.195 0.82 0.975 4.08 13.00 7.22 0.375
7.0 0.155 0.65 1.085 4.54 14.47 8.04 0.420
10.0 0.118 0.49 1.180 4.94 15.73 8.74 0.458
20.0 0.076 0.32 1.520 6.36 20.27 11.26 0.582
30.0 0.060 0.25 1.800 7.53 24.00 13.33 0.690
50.0 0.060 0.25 3.000 12.55 40.00 22.22 1.150
F1060 − 18
A
TABLE 2 Human Tissue Tolerance to Second Degree Second-Degree Burn
B
Exposure Heat Flux Total Heat Calorimeter Equivalent,
2 2 2 2
Time, s cal/cm ·s W/cm cal/cm ·s W/cm ΔT,° F ΔT, °C ΔmV
2 2 2 2
cal/cm ·s W/cm cal/cm ·s W/cm ΔT, °F ΔT, °C
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
1 1.2 5.0 1.20 5.0 16.0 8.9 0.46
2 0.73 3.1 1.46 6.1 19.5 10.8 0.57
3 0.55 2.3 1.65 6.9 22.0 12.2 0.63
4 0.45 1.9 1.80 7.5 24.0 13.3 0.69
5 0.38 1.6 1.90 8.0 25.3 14.1 0.72
6 0.34 1.4 2.04 8.5 27.2 15.1 0.78
7 0.30 1.3 2.10 8.8 28.0 15.5 0.80
8 0.274 1.15 2.19 9.2 29.2 16.2 0.83
9 0.252 1.06 2.27 9.5 30.2 16.8 0.86
10 0.233 0.98 2.33 9.8 31.1 17.3 0.89
11 0.219 0.92 2.41 10.1 32.1 17.8 0.92
12 0.205 0.86 2.46 10.3 32.8 18.2 0.94
13 0.194 0.81 2.52 10.6 33.6 18.7 0.97
14 0.184 0.77 2.58 10.8 34.3 19.1 0.99
15 0.177 0.74 2.66 11.1 35.4 19.7 1.02
16 0.168 0.70 2.69 11.3 35.8 19.8 1.03
17 0.160 0.67 2.72 11.4 36.3 20.2 1.04
18 0.154 0.64 2.77 11.6 37.0 20.6 1.06
19 0.148 0.62 2.81 11.8 37.5 20.8 1.08
20 0.143 0.60 2.86 12.0 38.1 21.1 1.10
25 0.122 0.51 3.05 12.8 40.7 22.6 1.17
30 0.107 0.45 3.21 13.4 42.8 23.8 1.23
A
Stoll, A. M. and Chianta, M. A., “Method and Rating System for Evaluations of Thermal Protection,” Aerospace Medicine, Vol 40, 1969, pp. 1232–1238 and Stoll, A. M.
and Chianta, M. A., Heat“Heat Transfer through Fabrics as Related to Thermal Injury,Injury,” “Transaction-NewTransaction-New York Academy of Sciences,”Sciences, Vol
33 (7), Nov. 1971, pp33, No. 7, 1971, pp. 649–670.
B
A calorimeter with an iron/constantan thermocouple.
5.5 This test method is limited to short exposure because the model used to predict burn injury is limited to predictions of
time-to-burn for up to 30 seconds,s, and predictions of time-to-pain for up to 50 seconds.s. The use of this test method for longer
hot surface exposures requires a different model for determining burn injury or a different basis for reporting test results.
6. Apparatus
6.1 General Arrangement—The arrangement of the individual components of the test apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.
6.1.1 Alternatively, transmit temperature output readings to a data acquisition unit, then computer process to obtain the test
result.
FIG. 1 Thermal Protective Thermal-Protective Performance Apparatus, Hot Surface Contact
F1060 − 18
6.2 Hot Plate—Shall have a flat, heated surface with the smallest dimension, a minimum of at least 200 mm (8 in.)in.), and have
the ability to achieve a temperature of at least 371°C (700°F)371 °C (700 °F) and to permit temperature control within 2.8°C
(65°F).2.8 °C (65 °F).
6.3 Surface plate—The flat plate shall be 6.4 mm ( ⁄4 in.) thick, 140 by 140 mm (5.5 by 5.5 in.) wide, with a 2.4 mm 2.4-mm
( ⁄32 in.) -in.) hole drilled from the edge to the center of the plate (Fig. 2). Use either electrolytic copper or T-1100 aluminum surface
plates. The surface plate must be flat, smooth, and free from pits and cavities. (Flatness is indicated by negligible light passing
between a straight edge and the plate surface.) Loss of the original mill finish (as judged with the naked eye) or warping, or both,
may result in failure to achieve calibration with the reference standard.
6.4 Sensor—A copper calorimeter mounted in an insulating block with added weight and constructed as shown in Figs. 3 and
4 with the standard characteristics listed below. The following equations permit the determination of the total incident heat energy
from the copper calorimeter:
mass 3C 3 Temp 2 Temp
~ !
p final initial
q 5 (1)
area 3 time 2 time
~ !
final initial
where:
q = heat flux (cal/cm s),
mass = mass of the copper disk/slug (g),
C = heat capacity of copper (0.09426 cal/g°C at 100°C),
p
temp = final temperature of copper disk/slug at
final
time (°C),
final
temp = initial temperature of copper disk/slug at time (°C),
initial initial
area = area of the exposed copper disk/slug (cm ),
time = ending time (s), and
final
time = starting time (s).
initial
mass 3C 3 Temp 2 Temp
~ !
p final initial
q 5 (1)
area 3 time 2 time
~ !
final initial
where:
q = heat flux (cal/cm s),
Material: Electrolytic Copper or T-1100 aluminum
FIG. 2 Surface Plate
F1060 − 18
FIG. 3 Details of Calorimeter Construction
mass = mass of the copper disk/slug (g),
C = heat capacity of copper (0.09426 cal/g °C at 100 °C),
p
Temp = final temperature of copper disk/slug at time (°C),
final final
Temp = initial temperature of copper disk/slug at
initial
time (°C),
initial
area = area of the exposed copper disk/slug (cm ),
time = ending time (s), and
final
time = starting time (s).
initial
For a copper disk/slug that has a mass of 18.0 g and exposed area of 12.57 cm , the determination of heat flux reduces to:
0.135 3 Temp 2 Temp
~ !
final initial
q 5 (2)
time 2 time
~ !
final initial
For a copper disk/slug that has a mass of 18.0 g and exposed area of 12.57 cm , the determination of heat flux reduces to:
0.135 3 Temp 2 Temp
~ !
final initial
q 5 (2)
time 2 time
~ !
final initial
If you use a copper disk/slug wi
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