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ASTM C1437-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar

Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flow of hydraulic cement mortars.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Aug-1999
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C01 - Cement
Drafting Committee
C01.22 - Workability
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1437-01 - Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM C311/C311M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM C1567-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM C348-21 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM C1107/C1107M-20 - Standard Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout (Nonshrink)
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM A1081/A1081M-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Bond of Seven-Wire Steel Prestressing Strand
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM C1928/C1928M-23 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Cementitious Material Mortars (Using 2-in. [50 mm] Cube Specimens)
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM C1439-19 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Latex and Powder Polymer Modifiers for use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM C157/C157M-17 - Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM C1506-17 - Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Hydraulic Cement-Based Mortars and Plasters
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM C441/C441M-17 - Standard Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM C989/C989M-22 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM C230/C230M-23 - Standard Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM C1714/C1714M-23 - Standard Specification for Preblended Dry Mortar Mix for Unit Masonry
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM C942/C942M-21 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999

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ASTM C1437-99 - Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 1437 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1437; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope plane surface shall not depart from straightness by more than 1
mm (0.04 in.) (Note 1).
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flow of
4.5 Straightedge, made of steel, shall be at least 200 mm (8
hydraulic cement mortars.
in.) long and not less than 1.5 mm (0.06 in.) nor more than 3.5
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
mm (0.14-in.) in thickness. Its edge shall not depart from a
standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.
plane surface by more than 1 mm (0.04-in.) (Note 1).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
NOTE 1—The trowel specified in Test Method C 109 and the straight-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- edge specified in Test Method C 185 may be used for this purpose,
providing they comply with the planeness indicated.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Temperature and Humidity
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The temperature of the air in the laboratory shall be
maintained between 20 and 28°C (68 and 82°F) and its relative
2.1 ASTM Standards:
humidity shall not be less than 50 %.
C 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic
Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)
6. Materials
C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
6.1 Hydraulic Cement Mortar—A mortar for which the
Mortar
determination of flow is specified or desired.
C 230 Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of
Hydraulic Cement
7. Procedure
3. Significance and Use
7.1 Determination of Flow:
7.1.1 Carefully wipe the flow table clean and dry, and place
3.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the
the flow mold at the center. Place a layer of mortar about 25
flow of hydraulic cement mortars, and of mortars containing
mm (1 in.) in thickness in the mold and tamp 20 times with the
cementitious materials other than hydraulic cements.
tamper. The tamping pressure shall be just sufficient to ensure
3.2 While flow is not usually included in hydraulic cement
uniform filling of the mold. Then fill the mold with mortar and
specifications, it is commonly used in standard tests that
tamp as specified for the first layer. Cut off the mortar to a plane
require the mortar to have a water content that provides a
surface flush with the top of the mold by drawing the
specified flow level.
straightedge or the edge of the trowel with a sawing motion
4. Apparatus
across the top of the mold. Wipe the table top clean and dry,
being especially careful to remove any water from around the
4.1 Flow Table, Flow Mold, Conforming to the require-
edge of the flow mold. Lift the mold away from the mortar 1
ments of Specification C 230.
min after completing the mixing operation. Immediately drop
4.2 Caliper, Conforming to the requirements of Specifica-
the table through a height of 12.7 6 0.13 mm ( ⁄2 6 0.005 in.)
tion C 230. Alternatively, any outside-measuring caliper con-
25 times in 15 s, unless otherwise specified.
structed of corrosion-resistant material may be used, provided
7.1.2 If using the caliper specified in Specification C 230,
that it is incremented in millimetres and its maximum extent of
measure the diameter of the mortar along the four lines scribed
measuring is at least 260 mm (10 ⁄4 in.).
...

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This test method covers the standard procedure for determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement. The test apparatus is comprised of the following: molds for casting test specimens; restraining cage which consists of a threaded steel rod with steel end plates held in place by cap nuts for corrosion prevention; length comparator; tamper which shall be made of nonabsorptive, nonabrasive material such as medium-hard rubber or seasoned oak wood; device for demolding specimens; weights and weighing devices; glass graduates to measure the mixing water in a single operation; an electrically driven mechanical mixer equipped with paddle and mixing bowl; and trowel which shall have a steel blade with straight edges. The sand to be used shall comply with the graded sand requirement and shall be handled in such a manner as to prevent segregation. Details on preparation and assembly of specimen molds and restraining cage, proportioning and mixing of mortars, molding, and curing of specimens are discussed. The expansion and shrinkage of the test specimens at any age shall be calculated and the length-change data, expressed as linear expansion or contraction based on the length of the specimen at any time of molding, shall be reported. Bias and precision in the batch, single, and multi-laboratory operation shall also be identified.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement.  
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Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

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4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
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1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
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Standard Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement

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4.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index of potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO or MgO, or both, when present in hydraulic cement.3
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the expansion of a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclave conditions in this method.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see the section on Safety Precautions.  
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