C01.22 - Workability

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes with normal consistency, as required for certain standard tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the normal consistency of hydraulic cement.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 1.4 for a specific warning statement.  
1.4 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means for determining the ability of mortars and plasters to retain water when applied to specific substrates based on the intended use of the tested mortar.  
5.2 The results obtained using this test method may be used to compare the relative ability of mortars and plasters to retain water when applied to different substrates or in comparison to other mortars or plasters applied to the same substrate.  
5.2.1 If applied to the same substrate, water retention values of different mortar can be compared.  
5.2.2 One mortar may be applied to different substrates to understand the impact of varying substrates on water retention of the mortar.  
5.3 The results obtained using this test method do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when used with substrates found in the field. This is because the amount of water absorbed by the substrate depends not only on the ability of the mortar to retain water but also on the particular absorption of the substrate and environmental conditions. Environmental conditions are not taken into account in this test method.  
5.4 The results obtained using this test method for plasters (stucco) do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when the plaster is applied as a second coat on the surface of a previously applied plaster base coat, since the amount of water absorbed from the second coat of plaster depends on the rate of absorption of the base coat. This is also true when a plaster is applied as a coating on masonry units.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of water retention of hydraulic cement based mortars and plasters. Water Retention is directly measured through the absorption of water from the mortar by the substrate. Various substrates may be chosen by the user based on the intended use of the tested mortar. This test method defines such substrates. Comparisons can be made between different mortars on the same substrate or the same mortar on different substrates.  
1.2 This test method provides a water retention value via direct water loss, while Test Method C1506 provides a water retention value via mortar flow.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. When combined standards are cited, the selection of the measurement systems is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See the Safety Data Sheet for safety information regarding the materials being tested.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus used in making flow tests for consistency or mortars in tests of hydraulic cement. The flow table shall consist of an integrally cast rigid iron frame and a circular rigid table top. Other details of the flow table, its mounting and lubrication are described in the specification. The conical mold for casting the flow specimen and the caliper for measuring the diameter of the mortar after it has been spread by the operation of the table are also discussed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus (Note 1) used in making flow tests for consistency of mortars in tests of hydraulic cement, such as but not limited to Test Method C1437.
Note 1: To help clarify the design of the flow table and accessory apparatus see the drawing in Fig. 1 [Fig. 2]. This drawing is for informational purposes only. See Fig. 3 of the flow table and accessory apparatus as a reference for further clarification.
FIG. 1 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) (IP)  
FIG. 1 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) (IP) (continued)  
FIG. 2 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) [SI]  
FIG. 2 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) [SI] (continued)  
FIG. 2 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) [SI] (continued)  
FIG. 3 Flow Table Accessory Apparatus  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. It is permissible to use an inch-pound caliper and mold with a SI flow table or a SI caliper and mold with an inch-pound flow table. It is not permissible to mix a SI mold with an inch-pound caliper or an inch-pound mold with a SI caliper.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the flow of hydraulic cement mortars, and of mortars containing cementitious materials other than hydraulic cements.  
4.2 While flow is not usually included in hydraulic cement specifications, it is commonly used in standard tests that require the mortar to have a water content that provides a specified flow level.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flow of hydraulic cement mortars.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. When combined standards are cited, the selection of the measurement systems is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for use in the mechanical mixing of pastes and mortars for the testing of hydraulic cements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the mechanical mixing of hydraulic cement pastes and mortars of plastic consistency.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Rheological properties provide information about the workability of cementitious paste or mortar. This test method may be used to measure flowability of a cement paste or the influence of a specific material or combination of materials on flowability.  
5.2 As rheological properties are sensitive to sample heterogeneities, special care is needed using this procedure so that sedimentation, particle migration away from the spindle or slippage at the surface of the spindle and container, is avoided.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to measure the rheological properties such as plastic viscosity and yield stress of cementitious materials with particles up to 1 mm in diameter.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is useful in laboratory research on rheology of hydraulic cement systems as it has been shown to provide a paste with rheological properties similar to those obtained in a concrete from which the aggregate had been removed.4 Mixing of paste using C305 is not satisfactory as the paste is not thoroughly mixed, due to the absence of sand. In this practice the shear imparted to the cement paste is significantly higher than in C305 and therefore it is known as high-shear mixing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the high-shear mixing of hydraulic cement pastes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means for determining the ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction. Test results may be used to determine compliance with specifications.  
4.2 The results obtained using this test method can be used to compare the relative ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction.  
4.3 The results obtained using this test method for masonry mortars do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when used with masonry units, since the amount of water absorbed by the unit depends on the rate of absorption of the masonry unit.  
4.4 The results obtained using this test method for plasters (stucco) do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when the plaster is applied as a second coat on the surface of a previously applied plaster base coat, since the amount of water absorbed from the second coat of plaster depends on the rate of absorption of the base coat. This is also true when a plaster is applied as a coating on masonry units.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of water retention of hydraulic cement-based mortars and plasters.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. When this test method refers to combined-unit standards, the selection of the measurement systems is at the user’s discretion.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Rheological properties determined using this guide include plastic viscosity and yield stress as defined by the Bingham model and apparent viscosity.  
4.2 Rheological properties provide information about the workability of hydraulic cementitious paste. As an example, the yield stress and plastic viscosity indicate the behavior of a specific cement paste composition. As another example, the apparent viscosity indicates what energy is required to move the suspension at a given strain rate. This test may be used to measure flowability of a cement paste or the influence of a specific material or combination of materials on flowability.  
4.3 Rheological properties may be sensitive to the procedure being used. This guide describes procedures that are expected to provide reproducible results.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers description of several methods to measure the rheological properties of fresh hydraulic cement paste. All methods are designed to determine the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the material using commercially available instruments and the Bingham model. Knowledge of these properties gives useful information on performance of cement pastes in concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus used in making flow tests for consistency or mortars in tests of hydraulic cement. The flow table shall consist of an integrally cast rigid iron frame and a circular rigid table top. Other details of the flow table, its mounting and lubrication are described in the specification. The conical mold for casting the flow specimen and the caliper for measuring the diameter of the mortar after it has been spread by the operation of the table are also discussed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus (Note 1) used in making flow tests for consistency of mortars in tests of hydraulic cement, such as but not limited to Test Method C1437.
Note 1: To help clarify the design of the flow table and accessory apparatus see the drawing in Fig. 1 [Fig. 2]. This drawing is for informational purposes only.
FIG. 1 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) (IP)  
FIG. 1 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) (IP) (continued)  
FIG. 2 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) [SI]  
FIG. 2 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) [SI] (continued)  
FIG. 2 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) [SI] (continued)
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. It is permissible to use an inch-pound caliper and mold with a SI flow table or a SI caliper and mold with an inch-pound flow table. It is not permissible to mix a SI mold with an inch-pound caliper or an inch-pound mold with a SI caliper.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus used in making flow tests for consistency or mortars in tests of hydraulic cement. The flow table shall consist of an integrally cast rigid iron frame and a circular rigid table top. Other details of the flow table, its mounting and lubrication are described in the specification. The conical mold for casting the flow specimen and the caliper for measuring the diameter of the mortar after it has been spread by the operation of the table are also discussed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus (Note 1) used in making flow tests for consistency of mortars in tests of hydraulic cement, such as but not limited to Test Method C1437.
Note 1: To help clarify the design of the flow table and accessory apparatus see the drawing in Fig. 1 [Fig. 2]. This drawing is for informational purposes only.
FIG. 1 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) (IP)  
FIG. 1 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) (IP) (continued)  
FIG. 2 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) [SI]  
FIG. 2 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) [SI] (continued)  
FIG. 2 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) [SI] (continued)
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. It is permissible to use an inch-pound caliper and mold with a SI flow table or a SI caliper and mold with an inch-pound flow table. It is not permissible to mix a SI mold with an inch-pound caliper or an inch-pound mold with a SI caliper.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Rheological properties provide information about the workability of cementitious paste or mortar. This test method may be used to measure flowability of a cement paste or the influence of a specific material or combination of materials on flowability.  
5.2 As rheological properties are sensitive to sample heterogeneities, special care is needed using this procedure so that sedimentation, particle migration away from the spindle or slippage at the surface of the spindle and container, is avoided.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to measure the rheological properties such as plastic viscosity and yield stress of cementitious materials with particles up to 1 mm in diameter.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is useful in laboratory research on rheology of hydraulic cement systems as it has been shown to provide a paste with rheological properties similar to those obtained in a concrete from which the aggregate had been removed.4 Mixing of paste using C305 is not satisfactory as the paste is not thoroughly mixed, due to the absence of sand. In this practice the shear imparted to the cement paste is significantly higher than in C305 and therefore it is known as high-shear mixing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the high-shear mixing of hydraulic cement pastes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Rheological properties determined using this guide include plastic viscosity and yield stress as defined by the Bingham model and apparent viscosity.  
4.2 Rheological properties provide information about the workability of cement paste. As an example, the yield stress and plastic viscosity indicate the behavior of a specific cement paste composition. As another example, the apparent viscosity indicates what energy is required to move the suspension at a given strain rate. This test may be used to measure flowability of a cement paste or the influence of a specific material or combination of materials on flowability.  
4.3 Rheological properties may be sensitive to the procedure being used. This guide describes procedures that are expected to provide reproducible results.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers description of several methods to measure the rheological properties of fresh hydraulic cement paste. All methods are designed to determine the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the material using commercially available instruments and the Bingham model. Knowledge of these properties gives useful information on performance of cement pastes in concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means for determining the ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction. Test results may be used to determine compliance with specifications.  
4.2 The results obtained using this test method can be used to compare the relative ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction.  
4.3 The results obtained using this test method for masonry mortars do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when used with masonry units, since the amount of water absorbed by the unit depends on the rate of absorption of the masonry unit.  
4.4 The results obtained using this test method for plasters (stucco) do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when the plaster is applied as a second coat on the surface of a previously applied plaster base coat, since the amount of water absorbed from the second coat of plaster depends on the rate of absorption of the base coat. This is also true when a plaster is applied as a coating on masonry units.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of water retention of hydraulic cement-based mortars and plasters.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. When this test method refers to combined-unit standards, the selection of the measurement systems is at the user’s discretion.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes with normal consistency, as required for certain standard tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the normal consistency of hydraulic cement.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 1.4 for a specific warning statement.  
1.4 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. The use of gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection is recommended. Wash contact area with copious amounts of water after contact. Wash eyes for a minimum of 15 min. Avoid exposure of the body to clothing saturated with the liquid phase of the unhardened material. Remove contaminated clothing immediately after exposure.2

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means for determining the ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction. Test results may be used to determine compliance with specifications.  
4.2 The results obtained using this test method can be used to compare the relative ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction.  
4.3 The results obtained using this test method for masonry mortars do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when used with masonry units, since the amount of water absorbed by the unit depends on the rate of absorption of the masonry unit.  
4.4 The results obtained using this test method for plasters (stucco) do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when the plaster is applied as a second coat on the surface of a previously applied plaster base coat, since the amount of water absorbed from the second coat of plaster depends on the rate of absorption of the base coat. This is also true when a plaster is applied as a coating on masonry units.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of water retention of hydraulic cement-based mortars and plasters.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. When this test method refers to combined-unit standards, the selection of the measurement systems is at the user’s discretion.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means for determining the ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction. Test results may be used to determine compliance with specifications.  
4.2 The results obtained using this test method can be used to compare the relative ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction.  
4.3 The results obtained using this test method for masonry mortars do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when used with masonry units, since the amount of water absorbed by the unit depends on the rate of absorption of the masonry unit.  
4.4 The results obtained using this test method for plasters (stucco) do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when the plaster is applied as a second coat on the surface of a previously applied plaster base coat, since the amount of water absorbed from the second coat of plaster depends on the rate of absorption of the base coat. This is also true when a plaster is applied as a coating on masonry units.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of water retention of hydraulic cement-based mortars and plasters.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the flow of hydraulic cement mortars, and of mortars containing cementitious materials other than hydraulic cements.  
3.2 While flow is not usually included in hydraulic cement specifications, it is commonly used in standard tests that require the mortar to have a water content that provides a specified flow level.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flow of hydraulic cement mortars.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. When combined standards are cited, the selection of the measurement systems is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus used in making flow tests for consistency or mortars in tests of hydraulic cement. The flow table shall consist of an integrally cast rigid iron frame and a circular rigid table top. Other details of the flow table, its mounting and lubrication are described in the specification. The conical mold for casting the flow specimen and the caliper for measuring the diameter of the mortar after it has been spread by the operation of the table are also discussed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus (Note 1) used in making flow tests for consistency of mortars in tests of hydraulic cement, such as but not limited to Test Method C1437.
Note 1: To help clarify the design of the flow table and accessory apparatus see the drawing in Fig. 1 [Fig. 2]. This drawing is for informational purposes only.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. It is permissible to use an inch-pound caliper and mold with a SI flow table or a SI caliper and mold with an inch-pound flow table. It is not permissible to mix a SI mold with an inch-pound caliper or an inch-pound mold with a SI caliper.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is intended for use in the mechanical mixing of pastes and mortars for the testing of hydraulic cements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the mechanical mixing of hydraulic cement pastes and mortars of plastic consistency.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is useful in laboratory research on rheology of hydraulic cement systems as it has been shown to provide a paste with rheological properties similar to those obtained in a concrete from which the aggregate had been removed.4 Mixing of paste using C305 is not satisfactory as the paste is not thoroughly mixed, due to the absence of sand. In this practice the shear imparted to the cement paste is significantly higher than in C305 and therefore it is known as high-shear mixing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the high-shear mixing of hydraulic cement pastes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is useful in laboratory research on rheology of hydraulic cement systems as it has been shown to provide a paste with rheological properties similar to those obtained in a concrete from which the aggregate had been removed.4 Mixing of paste using C305 is not satisfactory as the paste is not thoroughly mixed, due to the absence of sand. In this practice the shear imparted to the cement paste is significantly higher than in C305 and therefore it is known as high-shear mixing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the high-shear mixing of hydraulic cement pastes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the flow of hydraulic cement mortars, and of mortars containing cementitious materials other than hydraulic cements.  
3.2 While flow is not usually included in hydraulic cement specifications, it is commonly used in standard tests that require the mortar to have a water content that provides a specified flow level.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flow of hydraulic cement mortars.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus used in making flow tests for consistency or mortars in tests of hydraulic cement. The flow table shall consist of an integrally cast rigid iron frame and a circular rigid table top. Other details of the flow table, its mounting and lubrication are described in the specification. The conical mold for casting the flow specimen and the caliper for measuring the diameter of the mortar after it has been spread by the operation of the table are also discussed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus (Note 1) used in making flow tests for consistency of mortars in tests of hydraulic cement, such as but not limited to Test Method C1437.Note 1—To help clarify the design of the flow table and accessory apparatus see the drawing in Fig. 1 [Fig. 2]. This drawing is for informational purposes only.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. It is permissible to use an inch-pound caliper and mold with a SI flow table or a SI caliper and mold with an inch-pound flow table. It is not permissible to mix a SI mold with an inch-pound caliper or an inch-pound mold with a SI caliper.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is intended for use in the mechanical mixing of pastes and mortars for the testing of hydraulic cements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the mechanical mixing of hydraulic cement pastes and mortars of plastic consistency.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for use in the mechanical mixing of pastes and mortars for the testing of hydraulic cements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the mechanical mixing of hydraulic cement pastes and mortars of plastic consistency.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Rheological properties determined using this guide include plastic viscosity and yield stress as defined by the Bingham model and apparent viscosity.  
Rheological properties provide information about the workability of cement paste. As an example, the yield stress and plastic viscosity indicate the behavior of a specific cement paste composition. As another example, the apparent viscosity indicates what energy is required to move the suspension at a given strain rate. This test may be used to measure flowability of a cement paste or the influence of a specific material or combination of materials on flowability.
Rheological properties may be sensitive to the procedure being used. This guide describes procedures that are expected to provide reproducible results.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers description of several methods to measure the rheological properties of fresh hydraulic cement paste. All methods are designed to determine the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the material using commercially available instruments and the Bingham model. Knowledge of these properties gives useful information on performance of cement pastes in concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is useful in laboratory research on rheology of hydraulic cement systems as it has been shown to provide a paste with rheological properties similar to those obtained in a concrete from which the aggregate had been removed. Mixing of paste using C305 is not satisfactory as the paste is not thoroughly mixed, due to the absence of sand. In this practice the shear imparted to the cement paste is significantly higher than in C305 and therefore it is known as high-shear mixing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the high-shear mixing of hydraulic cement pastes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for use in the mechanical mixing of pastes and mortars for the testing of hydraulic cements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the mechanical mixing of hydraulic cement pastes and mortars of plastic consistency.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes with normal consistency, as required for certain standard tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the normal consistency of hydraulic cement.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 1.4 for a specific warning statement.
1.4 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. The use of gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection is recommended. Wash contact area with copious amounts of water after contact. Wash eyes for a minimum of 15 min. Avoid exposure of the body to clothing saturated with the liquid phase of the unhardened material. Remove contaminated clothing immediately after exposure.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes with normal consistency, as required for certain standard tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the normal consistency of hydraulic cement.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 1.4 for a specific warning statement.
1.4 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. The use of gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection is recommended. Wash contact area with copious amounts of water after contact. Wash eyes for a minimum of 15 min. Avoid exposure of the body to clothing saturated with the liquid phase of the unhardened material. Remove contaminated clothing immediately after exposure.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is useful in laboratory research on rheology of hydraulic cement systems as it has been shown to provide a paste with rheological properties similar to those obtained in a concrete from which the aggregate had been removed. Mixing of paste using C305 is not satisfactory as the paste is not thoroughly mixed, due to the absence of sand. In this practice the shear imparted to the cement paste is significantly higher than in C305 and therefore it is known as high-shear mixing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the high-shear mixing of hydraulic cement pastes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes for testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the normal consistency of hydraulic cement.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 1.4 for a specific warning statement.
1.4 WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. The use of gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection is recommended. Wash contact area with copious amounts of water after contact. Wash eyes for a minimum of 15 min. Avoid exposure of the body to clothing saturated with the liquid phase of the unhardened material. Remove contaminated clothing immediately after exposure.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means for determining the ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction. Test results may be used to determine compliance with specifications.
The results obtained using this test method can be used to compare the relative ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction.
The results obtained using this test method for masonry mortars do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when used with masonry units, since the amount of water absorbed by the unit depends on the rate of absorption of the masonry unit.
The results obtained using this test method for plasters (stucco) do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when the plaster is applied as a second coat on the surface of a previously applied plaster base coat, since the amount of water absorbed from the second coat of plaster depends on the rate of absorption of the base coat. This is also true when a plaster is applied as a coating on masonry units.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of water retention of hydraulic cement-based mortars and plasters.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means for determining the ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction. Test results may be used to determine compliance with specifications.
The results obtained using this test method can be used to compare the relative ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction.
The results obtained using this test method for masonry mortars do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when used with masonry units, since the amount of water absorbed by the unit depends on the rate of absorption of the masonry unit.
The results obtained using this test method for plasters (stucco) do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when the plaster is applied as a second coat on the surface of a previously applied plaster base coat, since the amount of water absorbed from the second coat of plaster depends on the rate of absorption of the base coat. This is also true when a plaster is applied as a coating on masonry units.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of water retention of hydraulic cement-based mortars and plasters.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus used in making flow tests for consistency or mortars in tests of hydraulic cement. The flow table shall consist of an integrally cast rigid iron frame and a circular rigid table top. Other details of the flow table, its mounting and lubrication are described in the specification. The conical mold for casting the flow specimen and the caliper for measuring the diameter of the mortar after it has been spread by the operation of the table are also discussed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus (Note 1) used in making flow tests for consistency of mortars in tests of hydraulic cement, such as but not limited to Test Method C 1437.
Note 1—To help clarify the design of the flow table and accessory apparatus see the drawing in Fig. 1 [Fig. 2] . This drawing is for informational purposes only.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. It is permissible to use an inch-pound caliper and mold with a SI flow table or a SI caliper and mold with an inch-pound flow table. It is not permissible to mix a SI mold with an inch-pound caliper or an inch-pound mold with a SI caliper.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flow of hydraulic cement mortars.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for use in the mechanical mixing of pastes and mortars for the testing of hydraulic cements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the mechanical mixing of hydraulic cement pastes and mortars of plastic consistency.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes for testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the normal consistency of hydraulic cement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See for a specific warning statement.
1.4 Warning-Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. The use of gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection is recommended. Wash contact area with copious amounts of water after contact. Wash eyes for a minimum of 15 min. Avoid exposure of the body to clothing saturated with the liquid phase of the unhardened material. Remove contaminated clothing immediately after exposure.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification coves requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus (Note 1) used in making flow tests for consistency of mortars in tests of hydraulic cement.
Note 1—To help clarify the design of the flow table and accessory apparatus see the drawing in Fig. 1 [Fig. 2]. This drawing is for informational purposes only.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. It is permissible to use an inch-pound caliper and mold with a SI flow table or a SI caliper and mold with an inch-pound flow table. It is not permissible to mix a SI mold with an inch-pound caliper or an inch-pound mold with a SI caliper.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means for determining the ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction. Test results may be used to determine compliance with specifications.
The results obtained using this test method can be used to compare the relative ability of mortars and plasters to retain water under suction.
The results obtained using this test method for masonry mortars do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when used with masonry units, since the amount of water absorbed by the unit depends on the rate of absorption of the masonry unit.
The results obtained using this test method for plasters (stucco) do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when the plaster is applied as a second coat on the surface of a previously applied plaster base coat, since the amount of water absorbed from the second coat of plaster depends on the rate of absorption of the base coat. This is also true when a plaster is applied as a coating on masonry units.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of water retention of hydraulic cement-based mortars and plasters.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to be used to determine the flow of hydraulic cement mortars, and of mortars containing cementitious materials other than hydraulic cements.
While flow is not usually included in hydraulic cement specifications, it is commonly used in standard tests that require the mortar to have a water content that provides a specified flow level.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flow of hydraulic cement mortars.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of water retention of hydraulic cement-based mortars and plasters.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification coves requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus (Note 1) used in making flow tests for consistency of mortars in tests of hydraulic cement.
Note 1--To help clarify the design of the flow table and accessory apparatus see the drawing in Fig. 1 [Fig. 2]. This drawing is for informational purposes only.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. It is permissible to use an inch-pound caliper and mold with a SI flow table or a SI caliper and mold with an inch-pound flow table. It is not permissible to mix a SI mold with an inch-pound caliper or an inch-pound mold with a SI caliper.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification coves requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus (Note 1) used in making flow tests for consistency of mortars in tests of hydraulic cement.
Note 1--To help clarify the design of the flow table and accessory apparatus see the drawing in Fig. 1 [Fig. 2]. This drawing is for informational purposes only.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. It is permissible to use an inch-pound caliper and mold with a SI flow table or a SI caliper and mold with an inch-pound flow table. It is not permissible to mix a SI mold with an inch-pound caliper or an inch-pound mold with a SI caliper.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flow of hydraulic cement mortars.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the mechanical mixing of hydraulic cement pastes and mortars of plastic consistency.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the mechanical mixing of hydraulic cement pastes and mortars of plastic consistency.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the normal consistency of hydraulic cement.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.