ASTM D4188-13
(Practice)Standard Practice for Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-Filtration Test in Water
Standard Practice for Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-Filtration Test in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation followed by filtration is an effective process to remove suspended and colloidal matter from water and waste water.
5.2 The effectiveness of this process is dependent on the type and concentration of the flocculant or coagulant, or both, the pH, the temperature, the filtration medium(a), and the filtration rate. This practice permits the evaluation of these various parameters.
5.3 This practice can also be used to determine filter backwash and rinse requirements.
5.4 The results obtained from this practice can be used for plant design of large systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure used to perform pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation-filtration of water and waste water. It is applicable to water and waste water with relatively low suspended solids (
1.2 This practice can be used to determine the effectiveness of flocculants or coagulants, or both, and filter medium(a) in removing suspended and colloidal material from water and waste water.
1.3 Interval between filter backwashing, backwash requirements, rinse requirements, and effect of filtration rate on effluent quality can also be obtained with this practice.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values listed in parenthesis are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4188 − 13
Standard Practice for
Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-
1
Filtration Test in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4189Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
D6698Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Turbidity
1.1 This practice covers the procedure used to perform
Below 5 NTU in Water
pressurein-linecoagulation-flocculation-filtrationofwaterand
D6855Test Method for Determination ofTurbidity Below 5
waste water. It is applicable to water and waste water with
NTU in Static Mode
relatively low suspended solids (<30 mg/L). The practice is
D7315Test Method for Determination ofTurbidityAbove 1
applicable for any size filter greater than 100 mm (4 in.) in
Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode
diameter.
1.2 This practice can be used to determine the effectiveness
3. Terminology
of flocculants or coagulants, or both, and filter medium(a) in
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
removing suspended and colloidal material from water and
practice, refer to Definitions D1129.
waste water.
1.3 Interval between filter backwashing, backwash
4. Summary of Practice
requirements,rinserequirements,andeffectoffiltrationrateon
4.1 A flocculant or coagulant, or both, is added to a
effluent quality can also be obtained with this practice.
pressurized flowing water or waste water stream, and the floc
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
that forms is removed, using a filter medium(a).
standard. The values listed in parenthesis are for information
4.2 The effectiveness of the system in removing suspended
only.
andcolloidalmatterisdeterminedbymonitoringthequalityof
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the filter effluent.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.3 A holding tank for floc formation or floc growth is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
optional.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.4 The practice also provides information on interval
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
between filter backwashing, backwash requirements, rinse
2. Referenced Documents
requirements and effect of filtration rate on effluent quality.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
D2035Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of
5.1 Pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation followed by
Water
filtration is an effective process to remove suspended and
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
colloidal matter from water and waste water.
5.2 The effectiveness of this process is dependent on the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
type and concentration of the flocculant or coagulant, or both,
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
the pH, the temperature, the filtration medium(a), and the
Water-Formed Deposits,Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
filtration rate. This practice permits the evaluation of these
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published February 2013. Originally various parameters.
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4188–08. DOI:
5.3 This practice can also be used to determine filter
10.1520/D4188-13.
2
backwash and rinse requirements.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.4 The results obtained from this practice can be used for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. plant design of large systems.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4188 − 13
6. Apparatus 6.1.7 Use either a flowmeter or a calibrated volume con-
tainer and stopwatch to measure the filter effluent flow.
6.1 Installation:
6.1.8 Useanaccuratemeteringpumptoinjecttheflocculant
6.1.1 To prevent contamination by corrosion products, use
or coagulant, or both. Use an injector with a check valve and
stainless steel, plastic, or coated (rubber or epoxy-lined) steel
locatetheteatoftheinjectorinthecenteroftheflowingstream
for all wetted parts.
and in the vertical position.
6.1.2 Take care to ensure that no contamination will occur
6
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4188 − 08 D4188 − 13
Standard Practice for
Performing Pressure In-Line Coagulation-Flocculation-
1
Filtration Test in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the procedure used to perform pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation-filtration of water and waste
water. It is applicable to water and waste water with relatively low suspended solids (<30 mg/L). The practice is applicable for
any size filter greater than 100 mm (4 in.) in diameter.
1.2 This practice can be used to determine the effectiveness of flocculants or coagulants, or both, and filter medium(a) in
removing suspended and colloidal material from water and waste water.
1.3 Interval between filter backwashing, backwash requirements, rinse requirements, and effect of filtration rate on effluent
quality can also be obtained with this practice.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values listed in parenthesis are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D2035 Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D4189 Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
D6698 Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Turbidity Below 5 NTU in Water
D6855 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Below 5 NTU in Static Mode
D7315 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Definitions D1129.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A flocculant or coagulant, or both, is added to a pressurized flowing water or waste water stream, and the floc that forms
is removed, using a filter medium(a).
4.2 The effectiveness of the system in removing suspended and colloidal matter is determined by monitoring the quality of the
filter effluent.
4.3 A holding tank for floc formation or floc growth is optional.
4.4 The practice also provides information on interval between filter backwashing, backwash requirements, rinse requirements
and effect of filtration rate on effluent quality.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and Water-Formed
Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008Jan. 1, 2013. Published August 2008February 2013. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D4188 – 82 (2003).D4188 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D4188-08.10.1520/D4188-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4188 − 13
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Pressure in-line coagulation-flocculation followed by filtration is an effective process to remove suspended and colloidal
matter from water and waste water.
5.2 The effectiveness of this process is dependent on the type and concentration of the flocculant or coagulant, or both, the pH,
the temperature, the filtration medium(a), and the filtration rate. This practice permits the evaluation of these various parameters.
5.3 This practice can also be used to determine filter backwash and rinse requirements.
5.4 The results obtained from this practice can be used for plant design of large systems.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Installation:
6.1.1 To prevent contamination by corrosion products, use stainless steel, plastic, or coated (rubber or epoxy-lined) steel for a
...
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