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ASTM C1259-98

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration

Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dynamic elastic properties of advanced ceramics at ambient temperatures. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic modulus, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. The dynamic elastic properties of a material can therefore be computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable (rectangular or cylindrical geometry) test specimen of that material can be measured. Dynamic Young's modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young's modulus and dynamic shear modulus are used to compute Poisson's ratio.
1.2 Although not specifically described herein, this test method can also be performed at cryogenic and high temperatures with suitable equipment modifications and appropriate modifications to the calculations to compensate for thermal expansion.
1.3 Where possible, the procedures, sample specifications, and calculations in this test method are consistent with Test Methods C623, C747, C848, and C1198.
1.4 This test method uses test specimens in bar, rod, and disc geometries. The rod and bar geometries are described in the main body. The disc geometry is addressed in .
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2001
ICS
81.060.99 - Other standards related to ceramics
Technical Committee
C28 - Advanced Ceramics
Drafting Committee
C28.01 - Mechanical Properties and Performance
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1259-01 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
Effective Date
10-Apr-2001

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ASTM C1259-98 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of VibrationASTM C1259-98 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
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ASTM C1259-98 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 1259 – 98
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s
Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of
1
Vibration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1259; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope celain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Fired Ceramic Whitew-
2
are Products by the Dilatometer Method
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dynamic
C 623 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus,
elastic properties of advanced ceramics at ambient tempera-
and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by
tures. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechani-
2
Resonance
cal resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic
C 747 Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamen-
modulus, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. The
tal Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic
dynamic elastic properties of a material can therefore be
3
Resonance
computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant
C 848 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus,
frequencies of a suitable (rectangular or cylindrical geometry)
and Poisson’s Ratio for Ceramic Whitewares by Reso-
test specimen of that material can be measured. Dynamic
2
nance
Young’s modulus is determined using the resonant frequency
3
C 1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
in the flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus,
C 1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant
3
Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
vibrations. Dynamic Young’s modulus and dynamic shear
C 1198 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear
modulus are used to compute Poisson’s ratio.
Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by
1.2 Although not specifically described herein, this test
3
Sonic Resonance
method can also be performed at cryogenic and high tempera-
D 4092 Terminology Relating to Dynamic Mechanical
tures with suitable equipment modifications and appropriate
4
Measurements on Plastics
modifications to the calculations to compensate for thermal
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
expansion.
5
ing
1.3 Where possible, the procedures, sample specifications,
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
and calculations in this test method are consistent with Test
3
ASTM Test Methods
Methods C 623, C 747, C 848, and C 1198.
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.4 This test method uses test specimens in bar, rod, and
6
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
disc geometries. The rod and bar geometries are described in
the main body. The disc geometry is addressed in Annex A1.
3. Terminology
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to me-
standard.
chanical testing appearing in Terminology E 6 should be
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
considered as applying to the terms used in this test method.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
The definitions of terms relating to advanced ceramics appear-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ing in Terminology C 1145 should be considered as applying to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the terms used in this test method. Directly pertinent definitions
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
as listed in Terminologies E 6, C 1145, and D 4092 are shown
2. Referenced Documents in the following paragraphs with the appropriate source given
in brackets.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.1 advanced ceramic, n—a highly engineered, high-
C 372 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Por-
performance, predominately nonmetallic, inorganic, ceramic
1
2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-28 on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
3
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
4
Properties and Performance. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
5
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
6
published as C 1259–94. Last previous edition C 1259–96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C 1259
material having specific functional attrib
...

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FIG. 1 Block Diagram of Typical Test Apparatus  
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard per IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
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4.1 Creep tests measure the time-dependent deformation under force at a given temperature, and, by implication, the force-carrying capability of the material for limited deformations. Creep rupture tests, properly interpreted, provide a measure of the force-carrying capability of the material as a function of time and temperature. The two tests complement each other in defining the force-carrying capability of a material for a given period of time. In selecting materials and designing parts for service at elevated temperatures, the type of test data used will depend on the criteria for force-carrying capability that best defines the service usefulness of the material.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile behavior including tensile strength and stress-strain response under monotonic uniaxial loading of continuous fiber-reinforced advanced ceramics at ambient temperature. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in the appendix. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (force, displacement, or strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Note that tensile strength as used in this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under monotonic uniaxial loading where monotonic refers to a continuous nonstop test rate with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture.  
1.2 This test method applies primarily to all advanced ceramic matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement: unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (3D). In addition, this test method may also be used with glass (amorphous) matrix composites with 1D, 2D, and 3D continuous fiber reinforcement. This test method does not directly address discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforced ceramics, although the test methods detailed here may be equally applicable to these composites.  
1.3 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7 and 8.2.5.2.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance...

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ASTM
ASTM C1337-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Creep and Creep Rupture of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics Under Tensile Loading at Elevated Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation.  
4.2 Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites are candidate materials for structural applications requiring high degrees of wear and corrosion resistance and toughness at high temperatures.  
4.3 Creep tests measure the time-dependent deformation of a material under constant load at a given temperature. Creep rupture tests provide a measure of the life of the material when subjected to constant mechanical loading at elevated temperatures. In selecting materials and designing parts for service at elevated temperatures, the type of test data used will depend on the criteria for load-carrying capability which best defines the service usefulness of the material.  
4.4 Creep and creep rupture tests provide information on the time-dependent deformation and on the time-of-failure of materials subjected to uniaxial tensile stresses at elevated temperatures. Uniform stress states are required to effectively evaluate any nonlinear stress-strain behavior which may develop as the result of cumulative damage processes (for example, matrix cracking, matrix/fiber debonding, fiber fracture, delamination, etc.) which may be influenced by test mode, test rate, processing or alloying effects, environmental influences, or elevated temperatures. Some of these effects may be consequences of stress corrosion or subcritical (slow) crack growth. It is noted that ceramic materials typically creep more rapidly in tension than in compression. Therefore, creep data for design and life prediction should be obtained in both tension and compression.  
4.5 The results of tensile creep and tensile creep rupture tests of specimens fabricated to standardized dimensions from a particular material or selected portions of a part, or both, may not totally represent the creep deformation and creep rupture properties of the entire, full-size end p...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time-dependent deformation and time-to-rupture of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites under constant tensile loading at elevated temperatures. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, allowable bending, temperature measurements, temperature control, data collection, and reporting procedures are addressed.  
1.2 This test method is intended primarily for use with all advanced ceramic matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement: unidirectional (1-D), bidirectional (2-D), and tridirectional (3-D). In addition, this test method may also be used with glass matrix composites with 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D continuous fiber reinforcement. This test method does not address directly discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforced ceramics, although the test methods detailed here may be equally applicable to these composites.  
1.3 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Hazard statements are noted in 7.1 and 7.2.

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ASTM
ASTM C1211-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes. This test method is intended to be used with ceramics whose flexural strength is ∼50 MPa (∼7 ksi) or greater.  
4.2 The flexure stress is computed based on simple beam theory, with assumptions that the material is isotropic and homogeneous, the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are identical, and the material is linearly elastic. The average grain size should be no greater than 1/50 of the beam thickness. The homogeneity and isotropy assumptions in the test method rule out the use of it for continuous fiber-reinforced composites for which Test Method C1341 is more appropriate.  
4.3 The flexural strength of a group of test specimens is influenced by several parameters associated with the test procedure. Such factors include the testing rate, test environment, specimen size, specimen preparation, and test fixtures. Specimen and fixture sizes were chosen to provide a balance between the practical configurations and resulting errors as discussed in Test Method C1161, and Refs (1-3).4 Specific fixture and specimen configurations were designated in order to permit the ready comparison of data without the need for Weibull size scaling.  
4.4 The flexural strength of a ceramic material is dependent on both its inherent resistance to fracture and the size and severity of flaws. Variations in these cause a natural scatter in test results for a sample of test specimens. Fractographic analysis of fracture surfaces, although beyond the scope of this test method, is highly recommended for all purposes, especially if the data will be used for design as discussed in Ref (4) and Practices C1322 and C1239.  
4.5 This method determines the flexural strength at elevated temperature and ambient environmental conditions at a nominal, moderately fast testing rate. The flexural strength under these conditions may or may not necessarily be the...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the flexural strength of advanced ceramics at elevated temperatures.2 Four-point-1/4-point and three-point loadings with prescribed spans are the standard as shown in Fig. 1. Rectangular specimens of prescribed cross-section are used with specified features in prescribed specimen-fixture combinations. Test specimens may be 3 by 4 by 45 to 50 mm in size that are tested on 40-mm outer span four-point or three-point fixtures. Alternatively, test specimens and fixture spans half or twice these sizes may be used. The test method permits testing of machined or as-fired test specimens. Several options for machining preparation are included: application matched machining, customary procedures, or a specified standard procedure. This test method describes the apparatus, specimen requirements, test procedure, calculations, and reporting requirements. The test method is applicable to monolithic or particulate- or whisker-reinforced ceramics. It may also be used for glasses. It is not applicable to continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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