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ASTM E3354-22

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Application of Molecular Biological Tools to Assess Biological Processes at Contaminated Sites

Standard Guide for Application of Molecular Biological Tools to Assess Biological Processes at Contaminated Sites

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Contaminated sites subject to remediation are growing in complexity and associated remediation costs, presenting a challenge for managers of contaminated sites. The need to properly monitor, evaluate, and report remediation processes (including physical, chemical, and biological) characterizing site conditions and contaminant mass and attenuation is critical for the evaluation and selection of effective remediation strategies. Assessment and characterization of biological processes associated with contaminant attenuation is supported and improved by the accurate and consistent use of molecular biological tools (MBTs) including data acquisition, interpretation, and reporting.  
4.2 The development of this guide through ASTM International is designed to meet the needs of managers of contaminated sites within the United States and elsewhere. The variety of available MBTs and the complexity with which they are currently being applied are not addressed in existing ASTM International Standards. The principal users of this guide should be industry project managers, regulators, consultants, analytical laboratories, and community stakeholders.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a framework for the application of molecular biological tools (MBTs) to assess and characterize in-situ biological processes to improve contaminated soil and groundwater management. While the focus of this guide is on in-situ biological processes, some concepts of how to apply MBTs can also be applied to ex-situ bioremediation approaches (for example, biopiles, bioreactors) to support design, operation, and troubleshooting. The intent of this guide is to develop a consistent way in which MBTs are applied at contaminated sites, not to develop expertise. Technical experts need to be engaged whenscoping, planning, executing, and interpreting data for MBTs. Lastly, there is a brief description of isotopic techniques within section 5.2; however, the scope and focus of this guide is the use of nucleic acid-based MBTs to assess biological processes at contaminated sites.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2022
ICS
07.080 - Biology. Botany. Zoology
Technical Committee
E50 - Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action
Drafting Committee
E50.04 - Corrective Action
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E3354-22 - Standard Guide for Application of Molecular Biological Tools to Assess Biological Processes at Contaminated SitesASTM E3354-22 - Standard Guide for Application of Molecular Biological Tools to Assess Biological Processes at Contaminated Sites
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ASTM E3354-22 - Standard Guide for Application of Molecular Biological Tools to Assess Biological Processes at Contaminated Sites
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3354 − 22
Standard Guide for
Application of Molecular Biological Tools to Assess
1
Biological Processes at Contaminated Sites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope 2.2 U.S. EPA References:
U.S. EPA. 2018 Sampling, Laboratory and Data Consider-
1.1 This guide provides a framework for the application of
ations for Microbial Data Collected 32 the Field. EPA/
molecular biological tools (MBTs) to assess and characterize
600/R-164. 74 pg
in-situ biological processes to improve contaminated soil and
U.S. EPA. 2008 A Guide for Assessing Biodegradation and
groundwater management. While the focus of this guide is on
Source Identification of Organic Ground Water Contami-
in-situ biological processes, some concepts of how to apply
nants Using Compound Specific IsotopeAnalysis (CSIA).
MBTscanalsobeappliedtoex-situbioremediationapproaches
Ada, Oklahoma: Office of Research and Development,
(for example, biopiles, bioreactors) to support design,
U.S. (EPA 600/R-08/148)
operation, and troubleshooting. The intent of this guide is to
U.S. EPA. 1999 Use of monitored natural attenuation at
develop a consistent way in which MBTs are applied at
superfund, RCRA corrective action, and underground
contaminated sites, not to develop expertise. Technical experts
storage tank sites. United States Environmental Protection
need to be engaged whenscoping, planning, executing, and
Agency, Washington
interpreting data for MBTs. Lastly, there is a brief description
U.S. EPA 1996 Ground Water Issue: Low-Flow (Minimal
of isotopic techniques within section 5.2; however, the scope
Drawdown) Ground-Water Sampling Procedures EPA/
and focus of this guide is the use of nucleic acid-based MBTs
540/S-95/504
to assess biological processes at contaminated sites.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 This section includes definitions of key processes that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
are specific to molecular biological tools and use of abbrevia-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
tionsandacronyms.Definitionsareadaptedfromothersources
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
noted in the referenced documents. A full list of
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
bioremediation-relevant microorganisms is beyond the scope
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of this guide.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2 Definitions:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.1 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA), n—the RNA
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
component of the 30S unit of the prokaryotic ribosome. The
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
16S rRNA is produced by 16S rRNA genes (sometimes
referred to as 16S rDNA) which are gene sequences used to
2. Referenced Documents
study bacterial phylogeny and taxonomy.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The 16S rRNA gene has historically
D6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling Used
been the most common housekeeping genetic marker used by
for Groundwater Monitoring
molecular biologists and microbiologists to identify and clas-
sify microorganisms (for example, genus and species).
3.2.2 attenuation, n—contaminant reduction over space and
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
time due to physical (advection and dilution), chemical
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil-
(volatilization, adsorption, abiotic transformation), and/or bio-
ity of Subcommittee E50.04 on Corrective Action.
logical processes (biodegradation, biotransformation).
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published September 2022. DOI:
10.1520/E3354–22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),William
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
the ASTM website. http://www.epa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
...

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5.1 An acute toxicity test is conducted to obtain information concerning the immediate effects on test organisms of a short-term exposure to a test material under specific experimental conditions. An acute toxicity test does not provide information about whether delayed effects will occur, although a post-exposure observation period, with appropriate feeding, if necessary, might provide such information. Bioavailability of the test substance may also differ between real-world exposures and laboratory exposures due to site-specific water quality conditions (see Guides E1192, E1563, and E2455).  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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