ASTM D5414-95(2020)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5414 − 95 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Horizontal Impact Performance of Load
Unitizing Stretch Wrap Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate and compare the 3.1 Definitions—General definitions for packaging and dis-
tribution environments are found in Terminology D996.
ability of stretch-wrap films to survive horizontal impacts in a
laboratory simulation.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 backload, n—a duplicate specimen similar to the test
1.2 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode of
shipping and handling used for the unit load under test. package or weights to simulate the other lading in the transport
vehicle.
1.3 The methodology of performing the controlled horizon-
3.2.2 shock pulse programmer, n—a device used to control
tal impacts is described in detail in Test Methods D4003. This
the parameters of the acceleration versus time-shock pulse
test method will describe only sample preparation and evalu-
generated by a shock test impact machine.
ation in the special case of evaluating the performance of film
for load unitizing.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The horizontal impacts used in this test method are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
programmed shock inputs that represent the hazards as they
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
occur in the shipping and handling environment. The environ-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mental hazards may include rail switching impacts, pallet
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
marshalling impacts, etc.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 This test method is intended to be used mainly as a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
means of comparing the performance of unitizing films. It can
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
also be used to compare the effectiveness of different wrap
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
cycles with the same wrapping materials. No direct correlation
between these tests results and actual field performance has
2. Referenced Documents
been established.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 This test method simulates the horizontal impact ele-
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ments of the distribution environment. Horizontal impacts are
ments
encountered in rail car switching and pallet marshalling
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
procedures, both in the warehouse and during the loading and
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
unloading of transport vehicles.
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
5.3 Thistestmethodleavesopentothediscretionoftheuser
tainers and Systems
the establishment of test levels and the number of impacts
constituting the test so that one might tailor the test to simulate
one’s particular distribution environment. The section entitled
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
“Element H—Simulated Rail Switching” in Practice D4169
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizing
may provide some guidance in this regard.
and Unitizing of Loads.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
6. Apparatus
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5414 – 95 (2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D5414-95R20.
6.1 Load Wrapping Apparatus—A machine or apparatus to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
wrap the test load. The method of wrap application is prefer-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ably as near as possible to that used in an actual production
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. situation (stretch wrapper or manual wrapping unit).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5414 − 95 (2020)
6.2 Horizontal Impact Test Machine—Refer to Test Meth- 8.2.2 Dimension of unitized test load (circumference and
ods D4003, paragraph 5.1 and following subparagraphs, for a height).
complete description. 8.2.3 Number of individual units per test load.
8.2.4 Weight of each unit and total test load.
6.3 Instrumentation—Refer to Test Methods D4003, para-
8.2.5 Orientation of test load.
graph5.3andfollowingsubparagraphs,foracompletedescrip-
tion. 8.3 Wrap Material:
8.3.1 Supplier.
7. Procedure
8.3.2 Film thickness.
8.3.3 Roll width
...