ASTM D8344-20

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D8344 −20
Standard Practice for
Ammonium Bifluoride and Nitric Acid Digestion of Airborne
Dust and Dust-Wipe Samples for the Determination of
Metals and Metalloids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4532Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace At-
mospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
1.1 This practice covers the digestion of airborne and
D4840Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
surface dust samples (collected using air and wipe sampling
D6062GuideforPersonalSamplersofHealth-RelatedAero-
practices) and associated quality control (QC) samples for the
sol Fractions
determination of metals and metalloids by means of a mixture
D6785TestMethodforDeterminationofLeadinWorkplace
of dilute ammonium bifluoride and nitric acid.
Air Using Flame or Graphite FurnaceAtomicAbsorption
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Spectrometry
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D6966Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples
standard.
Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determi-
1.3 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and
nation of Metals
not part of mandatory requirements of the standard.
D7035Test Method for Determination of Metals and Met-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
alloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
AES)
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D7144Practice for Collection of Surface Dust by Micro-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
vacuum Sampling for Subsequent Metals Determination
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
D7202Test Method for Determination of Beryllium in the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
WorkplacebyExtractionandOpticalFluorescenceDetec-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
tion
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D7296Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Using Dry Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent De-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
termination of Beryllium and Compounds
D7439Test Method for Determination of Elements in Air-
2. Referenced Documents
borne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
–Mass Spectrometry
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
D7659Guide for Strategies for Surface Sampling of Metals
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
and Metalloids for Worker Protection
Atmospheres
D7707SpecificationforWipeSamplingMaterialsforBeryl-
D4185Test Method for Measurement of Metals in Work-
lium in Surface Dust
placeAtmospheres by FlameAtomicAbsorption Spectro-
D7822Practice for Dermal Wipe Sampling for the Subse-
photometry
quent Determination of Metals and Metalloids
E882Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the
Chemical Analysis Laboratory
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22onAirQuality
E1370Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on WorkplaceAir Quality.
Workplace Protection
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. DOI:
10.1520/D8344-20.
E1605Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
E1613Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D8344−20
(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec- 3.2.5 spiked sample and spiked duplicate sample, n—a
trometry (GFAAS) Techniques blankwipethatisspikedwithaknownamountofanalyte(that
E1644Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe is, lead) before hot plate digestion and subsequent lead
Samples for the Determination of Lead analysis.
E1728PracticeforCollectionofSettledDustSamplesUsing 3.2.5.1 Discussion—Analysis results for these samples are
Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead Determi- used to provide information on accuracy and precision of the
nation overall analysis process.
E1792Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead
4. Summary of Practice
in Surface Dust
4.1 An airborne dust or dust wipe sample is digested using
E2051Practice for the Determination of Lead in Paint,
hot block type heating or heated sonication with a mixture of
Settled Dust, Soil and Air Particulate by Field-Portable
dilute ammonium bifluoride and concentrated nitric acid. The
Electroanalysis (Withdrawn 2010)
digestate is diluted to final volume prior to measurement of
E3193Test Method for Measurement of Lead (Pb) in Dust
metals and metalloids.
by Wipe, Paint, and Soil by Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometry (FAAS)
NOTE 1—The procedure in this practice is based on Test Methods
E3203Test Method for Determination of Lead in Dried
D4185, D6785, D7035, D7202, Practice E1644, and NIOSH 7404 and
Paint, Soil, and Wipe Samples by Inductively Coupled 9110 of the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods.
Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
5. Significance and Use
2.2 Other Standards:
5.1 This practice is intended for the digestion of metals and
ISO/IEC17011Conformityassessment—Requirementsfor
metalloids in airborne dust and dust wipe samples collected
accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessment
4 during various activities performed in and around workplaces,
bodies
buildings and related structures.
ISO/IEC 17025General requirements for the competence of
testing and calibration laboratories 5.2 This practice is applicable to the digestion of airborne
dust and dust wipe samples collected in accordance with Test
3. Terminology
MethodD4532,GuideD6062,PracticeD7144orGuideE1370
for airborne dust, and Practices D6966, D7296, D7822,or
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsnotappearinghere,
E1728 using wipes that may or may not conform to Specifi-
refer to Terminologies D1356 and E1605.
cations D7707 or E1792.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.2.1 This practice is applicable to the digestion of airborne
3.2.1 blank wipe, n—an unused, unspiked dust wipe that is
dustsamplefiltersthathavebeenremovedfromtheirsampling
only removed from its packaging immediately before use.
cassettes which have been wiped to collect all dust adhering to
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Blank wipes are used to prepare non-
the side walls and included in the hard-walled containers as
spiked,spiked,andspikedduplicatequalityassurancesamples.
part of the collected samples.
3.2.2 dust wipe sample, n—surfacedustcollectedonawipe.
5.2.2 This practice is applicable to the digestion of airborne
dust samples that use acid-soluble cellulosic air sampling
3.2.3 method blank, n—a digestate that reflects the maxi-
capsules with the entire contents of the cassettes transferred to
mum treatment given any one sample within a sample batch
hard-walled containers.
except that only the sampling medium (such as a blank wipe)
5.2.3 This practice is applicable to the digestion of settled
is initially placed into the digestion vessel.
dust samples collected using wipe materials in hard-walled
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Thesamereagentsandprocessingcon-
containers.
ditions that are applied to field samples within a batch are also
applied to the method blanks so that analysis results provide
5.3 Digestates prepared according to this practice are in-
information on the level of potential contamination resulting
tended to be analyzed for metal and metalloid concentrations
from the laboratory and sampling medium sources that are
using spectrometric techniques such as inductively coupled
experienced by samples processed within the batch.
plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled
plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), graphite
3.2.4 non-spiked sample, n—a portion of a homogenized
furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), and flame
sample that was targeted for the addition of analyte but is not
atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) (see Test Methods
fortified with the target analytes before sample preparation.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Forwipesamples,anon-spikedsample D4185, D6785, D7035, D7439, E1613, E3193, and E3203), or
for lead using electrochemical techniques such as anodic
is equivalent to a method blank. Analysis results for this
sample are used to correct for background levels in the blank stripping voltammetry (see Practice E2051), or for beryllium
using optical fluorescence detection (see Test Method D7202).
wipes used for spiked and spiked duplicate samples.
5.4 Laboratories developing in-house test methods using
thisprocedureshalldetermineprecisionandbiasinaccordance
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
with the principles laid down by their accrediting agency.
www.astm.org.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Ashley, K., and O’Connor, P.F., eds., NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods,
Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org. 5th ed., 2017.
D8344−20
6. Reagents and Materials 7. Procedure
6.1 Laboratory Supplies: 7.1 Sample Preparation:
6.1.1 Ultrasonic bath or heat block,controllabletomaintain 7.1.1 Dustwipesamplesshouldhavebeenshippedfromthe
sampling site to the laboratory in hard-walled containers such
the specified digestion temperature in wells sized to accept the
screw top plastic centrifuge tubes used for the digestion. as plastic 50-mL centrifuge tubes. This digestion procedure is
to be performed in the hard-walled containers as received by
6.1.2 Centrifuge tubes, plastic, 50-mL, with screw top caps.
the laboratory.
6.1.3 Pipetters, mechanical, of assorted sizes as needed.
7.1.2 Air samples should be removed from cassettes using
6.1.4 Pipet tips, plastic, disposable, of assorted sizes as
forceps and transferred to hard-walled containers such as
needed.
plastic 50-mL centrifuge tubes. Cassettes without acid-soluble
6.1.5 Labware, plastic (for example, beakers, flasks, gradu-
cellulosic air sampling capsules should be wiped with a
ated cylinders, etc.), of assorted sizes as needed.
compatible wipe to collect all dust adhering to the side walls
6.1.6 Forceps, plastic or plastic-coated.
and the wipe included with the filter transferred to hard-walled
6.1.7 Thermometer, to at least 100 °C.
containers. Cassettes with acid-soluble cellulosic air sampling
6.1.8 Other general laboratory
...