ASTM A823-99

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Designation: A 823 – 99
Standard Specification for
Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
TABLE 1 Permanent Mold Gray Iron Specifications
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that are
Grade Tensile Strength, min, ksi BHN
statically cast in permanent molds. A
(MPa)
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be-
Uncored—Annealed
tween the properties of the iron in various locations of the same
A-SA 30 000 (207) 163–207
A-SB 25 000 (172) 163–207
casting or between the properties of a casting and those of a test
A-SC 20 000 (138) 163–207
specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
A-SS 18 000 (124) 143–207
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Cored—Annealed
A-CA 30 000 (207) 143–207
as the standard.
A-CB 25 000 (172) 143–207
A-CC 20 000 (138) 143–207
2. Referenced Documents
Uncored—Normalized
N-SA 30 000 (207) 170–229
2.1 ASTM Standards:
N-SB 25 000 (172) 170–229
A 247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
N-SC 20 000 (138) 170–229
Graphite in Iron Castings N-SS 18 000 (124) 149–229
Cored—Normalized
A 644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
N-CA 30 000 (207) 170–229
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
N-CB 25 000 (172) 149–229
E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-
N-CC 20 000 (138) 149–229
A
als
Refer to Fig. X1.1 for the relationship between tensile strength and section
size.
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment
tomary and are a basis for classification.
2.3 Military Standard:
4 4.3 The grades are designated A for annealed or N for
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
normalized. This is followed by an S oraCto designate a solid
3. Terminology or a cored casting, followed by an A, B, C, or S to designate the
test bar to be poured with the castings. Examples of proper
3.1 Definitions for many terms common to iron castings are
designations are as follows:
found in Terminology A 644. A classification of graphite
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A 823,
structure is found in Test Method A 247.
Grade N-SB
4. Classification
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A 823,
Grade A-CC
4.1 Castings ordered and produced under this specification
are classified into a number of grades based on the properties
5. Ordering Information
of separately cast test bars. The test bar shall be selected on the
5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
basis of the controlling section size of the casting (see 9.1 and
following information:
9.2 and Table 1).
5.1.1 ASTM designation number and year of issue.
4.2 Castings may be produced in the as cast state provided
5.1.2 Grade of iron required (see Section 4 and Table 1).
the requirements of this standard in Table 1 are met. However,
5.1.3 The size of the separately cast test bar (letter classifi-
annealing or normalizing heat treatments are usual and cus-
cation A, B, C, or S) which best represents the thickness of the
controlling section of the casting (see 4.1 and Table 2).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-4 on Iron
5.1.4 Location for Brinell Hardness determination (see
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.01 on Gray Iron
10.1.1).
Castings.
5.1.5 Lot size (see Section 16).
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1999. Published November 1999. Originally
published as A 823 – 84. Last previous edition A 823 –95.
5.1.6 Special requirements (see Section 17).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
5.1.7 Special preparation for delivery (see Section 22).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
5.1.8 Saving tested specimens or unbroken test bars (see
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. 19.1.1).
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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A 823
TABLE 2 Diameters and Lengths of Cast Test Bars
9. Cast Test Bars
9.1 Test bars shall be separate castings poured from the
A
As-Cast Diameter, in. (mm) Length, in. (mm)
Test
same iron as the castings they represent and shall have
Nominal Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
Bar
dimensions as shown in Table 2. Allowance may be made for
(Mid-Length) (Bottom) (Top) (Specified) (Recommended)
reasonable pattern draft within the tolerances shown in Table 2.
A 0.88 (22.4) 0.85 (21.6) 0.96 (24.4) 5.0 (125) 6.0 (150)
B 1.20 (30.5) 1.14 (29.0) 1.32 (33.5) 6.0 (150) 9.0 (230)
Test bars A, B, and C are all standard test bars in the form of
C 2.00 (50.8) 1.90 (48.3) 2.10 (53.3) 7.0 (175) 10.0 (255)
B simple cylinders. Test bar S is special and is intended for use
S . . . . .
where the controlling section of the casting is over 2 in.
A
The diameter is the controlling section for the appropriate permanent mold
9.2 The test bar selected shall be based on the controlling
specification (see Section 9).
section size of the casting. This shall be determined by the
B
All dimensions of test bar S shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
dimensions of the largest cylinder that will fit into the control-
purchaser.
ling section of the casting with the additional requirement that
the height of the cylinder must be at least equal to its diameter.
6. Chemical Composition
9.3 The test bars shall be cast in a permanent mold. The
6.1 The chemical composition shall be such as to produce
mold shall be of similar material, design, and construction as
the mechanical properties required by this specification. As a
that used to make the production castings. The test bar
reference, typical compositions covering all grades are shown
permanent mold shall be preheated with three consecutive
in Table X1.1 in Appendix X1.
pours, after which, starting with the fourth pour, the bars can be
6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser,
used for the tension test. A suitable design for a mold is shown
chemical composition requirements may be specified.
in Fig. 1.
7. Heat Treatment 9.4 By specific agreement between the manufacturer and the
purchaser, test bars removed from the castings may be substi-
7.1 Although castings may be provided in the as cast
tuted for separately cast test bars. The location from which the
condition, when necessary, heat treatment shall be such as to
bars are taken shall be as agreed between the parties and
produce the mechanical properties required in this standard.
indicated on the casting drawing or data base equivalent.
8. Tensile Requirements
9.5 Where test specimens are to represent heat treated
8.1 Test bars representing castings conforming to this speci- castings, they shall accompany the castings in the same heat
treat lot(s), or by agreement, be subjected to the same thermal
fication shall meet the requirements for tensile strength de-
scribed in Table 1. cycle that the castings undergo.
Required Features:
1. Material—Permanent molds.
2. Position—Bars vertical.
3. L—See Table 2.
4. D—See Table 2.
FIG. 1 Suitable Design and Dimensions for Mold for Separately Cast Cylindrical Test Bars for Gray Iron
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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A 823
10. Hardness Requirements 14. Tension Test Specimens
10.1 Brinell hardness readings taken on the castings shall 14.1 For test bar A, the tension test specimen A, as shown in
conform to the requirements in Table 1. Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test
10.1.1 The area or areas on the castings where the hardness bar.
is to be determined shall be established by agreement between 14.2 For test bar B, the tension test specimen B, as shown in
manufacturer and purchaser and shall be shown on the casting Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test
drawing. bar.
10.1.2 Brinell hardness shall be determined in accordance 14.3 For test bar C, tension test specimen C, as shown in
with Test Method E 10. Sufficient surface material shall be Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test
removed (generally 0.010 to 0.030 in.) to ensure that the bar. Unless the size of the tensile test specimen to be machined
measured hardness is representative of the basic iron structure. from test bar C is specified in writing by the purchaser, the
10.1.3 Brinell hardness measurements shall be undertaken decision whether to use tension test specimen B or C shall be
at room temperature, defined as 50–95 °F (10–35 °C). made by the manufacturer of the castings.
14.4 For test bar S, the nature and dimensions of the tension
11. Dimensional Requirements
test specimen shall be determined by agreement between the
11.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions or
manufacturer and the purchaser. Test bar S is to be used
drawings furnished by the purchaser, or, if there are no
whenever the controlling section exceeds 2 in.
drawings, to the dimensions predicted by the pattern equipment
15. Tension Test
supplied by the purchaser.
15.1 Tension testing shall be determined in accordance with
12. Workmanship and Finish
Test Methods E 8.
12.1 The surface of the casting shall be inspected visually,
15.2 The tension test specimens shall fit the holders of the
particularly in critical areas, for such surface defects as cracks,
testing machine in such a way that the load shall be axial.
hot tears, adhering sand and scale, cold shuts, and gas holes.
15.3 The elapsed time from the beginning of loading in the
12.2 No repairing by plugging or welding of any kind shall
tension test to the instant of fracture shall be not less than 15
be permitted unless written permission is granted by the
s for test specimen A and not less than 20 s for test specimens
purchaser.
BorC.
13. Number of Tests and Retests
16. Description of a Lot
13.1 The manufacturer shall cast and prepare at least three
16.1 The manufacturer may define a lot as any of the
test bars for each lot of castings intended to conform to this
following:
specification. The manufacturer shall conduct the specified
16.1.1 A lot size may be established by agreement between
tests unless the manufacturer and purchaser agree that the tests
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
shall be made by another qualified laboratory. Only one bar
16.1.2 Absent such an agreement as described in 16.1.1, a
need be tested if the results conform to the property require-
lot shall be a group of castings weighing less than 2000 lb (910
ments of this specification. If any test specimen shows defec-
kg) each when the total weight of the group does not exceed
tive or improper machining, or obvious lack of continuity of
8000 lb (3600 kg) and when poured continuously within 4 h
metal, it may be discarded and replaced by another specimen
from the same melt and from consecutive charges of essentially
from another test bar from the same lot.
the same percentages and types of materials.
13.2 If after testing, a test specimen shows evidence of a
defect, the results of the test may be invalidated and another
17. Special Requirements
made on a specimen from the same lot.
17.1 When agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer and
13.3 If the results of a valid test fail to conform to the
the purchaser, it may be necessary for the castings to meet
requirements of this specification, two retests shall be made. If
special requirements as to hardness, chemical composition,
either retest fails to meet the specification requirements, the
microstructure, pressure tightness, radiographic soundness,
castings represented by these test specimens shall be rejected.
dimensions, surface finish, etc.
A valid test is one wherein the specimen has been properly
prepared and appears to be sound and on which the approved
18. Identification Marking
test procedure has been followed.
18.1 When the size of the casting permits, each casting shall
13.4 If sufficient separately cast test pieces are not available,
bear the identifying mark of the manufacturer and the part or
the manufacturer shall have the option of removing a test
pattern number at a location shown on the covering drawing or,
specimen from a location of representative casting, as agreed
if not shown on the drawing, at a location at the discretion of
upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
the producer.
13.5 If the first test results indicate that a heat treatment or
an additional heat treatment is needed to meet the test
19. Responsibility for Inspection
requirements, the entire lot of castings and the representative
test specimens shall be heat treated or reheat treated together. 19.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase
Testing shall proceed in accordance with 13.1,13.2,13.3, and order, the manufacturer shall be responsible for carrying out all
13.4 . the tests and inspections required by this specification, using
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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A 823
Tension Tension Tension
Dimensions, in. (mm) Test Specimen A Test Specimen B Test Specimen C
G—Length of parallel, min 0.50 (13) 0.75 (19) 1.25 (32)
D—Diameter 0.500 6 0.010 0.750 6 0.015 1.25 6 0.025
(12.7 6 0.25) (19.1 x6 0.4) (32 6 0.6)
R—Radius of fillet, min 1 (25) 1 (25) 2 (50)
1 21 17
A—Length of reduced section, min 1 ⁄4 (32) 1 ⁄32(42) 2 ⁄32 (64)
3 5 3
L—Overall length, min 3 ⁄4 (95) 4 ⁄32(106) 6 ⁄8(160)
7 1 7
C—Diameter of end section, approx ⁄8 (22.2) 1 ⁄4 (31.8) 1 ⁄8 (47)
1 1 5
E—Length of shoulder, min ⁄4 (6) ⁄4 (6) ⁄16 (8)
5 1 15 1 7 1
F—Diameter of shoulder ⁄8 6 ⁄64 ⁄166 ⁄64 1 ⁄16 6 ⁄64
(16 6 0.5) (25 6 0.5) (36 6 0.5)
AA A
B—Length of end section
A
Optional to fit holders on testing machine. If threaded, root diameter shall not be less than dimension F.
FIG. 2 Tension Test Specimens
his own or other reliable facilities, and he shall maintain manufacturer’s certification or compliance statement that the
complete records of all such tests and inspections. Such records casting or lot of castings was made, sampled, tested, and
shall be available for review by the purchaser.
...