ASTM A823-99(2003)

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Designation: A 823 – 99 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Specification for
Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
TABLE 1 Permanent Mold Gray Iron Specifications
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that are
Grade Tensile Strength, min, ksi BHN
A
statically cast in permanent molds.
(MPa)
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be-
Uncored—Annealed
A-SA 30 000 (207) 163–207
tweenthepropertiesoftheironinvariouslocationsofthesame
A-SB 25 000 (172) 163–207
castingorbetweenthepropertiesofacastingandthoseofatest
A-SC 20 000 (138) 163–207
specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
A-SS 18 000 (124) 143–207
Cored—Annealed
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
A-CA 30 000 (207) 143–207
as the standard.
A-CB 25 000 (172) 143–207
A-CC 20 000 (138) 143–207
2. Referenced Documents
Uncored—Normalized
2 N-SA 30 000 (207) 170–229
2.1 ASTM Standards:
N-SB 25 000 (172) 170–229
A 247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
N-SC 20 000 (138) 170–229
N-SS 18 000 (124) 149–229
Graphite in Iron Castings
Cored—Normalized
A 644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
N-CA 30 000 (207) 170–229
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
N-CB 25 000 (172) 149–229
N-CC 20 000 (138) 149–229
E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-
A
Refer to Fig. X1.1 for the relationship between tensile strength and section
als
size.
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment
2.3 Military Standard:
4.2 Castings may be produced in the as cast state provided
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
the requirements of this standard in Table 1 are met. However,
3. Terminology
annealing or normalizing heat treatments are usual and cus-
tomary and are a basis for classification.
3.1 Definitions for many terms common to iron castings are
4.3 The grades are designated A for annealed or N for
found in Terminology A 644. A classification of graphite
normalized.This is followed by an S oraCto designate a solid
structure is found in Test Method A 247.
oracoredcasting,followedbyanA,B,C,orStodesignatethe
4. Classification
test bar to be poured with the castings. Examples of proper
designations are as follows:
4.1 Castings ordered and produced under this specification
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A 823,
are classified into a number of grades based on the properties
Grade N-SB
of separately cast test bars.The test bar shall be selected on the
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A 823,
basis of the controlling section size of the casting (see 9.1 and
Grade A-CC
9.2 and Table 1).
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.01 on Gray Iron
following information:
Castings.
5.1.1 ASTM designation number and year of issue.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1999. Published November 1999. Originally
5.1.2 Grade of iron required (see Section 4 and Table 1).
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A 823 –99.
5.1.3 The size of the separately cast test bar (letter classifi-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
cationA, B, C, or S) which best represents the thickness of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
controlling section of the casting (see 4.1 and Table 2).
the ASTM website.
5.1.4 Location for Brinell Hardness determination (see
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. 10.1.1).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 823 – 99 (2003)
TABLE 2 Diameters and Lengths of Cast Test Bars
8. Tensile Requirements
8.1 Test bars representing castings conforming to this speci-
A
As-Cast Diameter, in. (mm) Length, in. (mm)
Test
fication shall meet the requirements for tensile strength de-
Nominal Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
Bar
scribed in Table 1.
(Mid-Length) (Bottom) (Top) (Specified) (Recommended)
A 0.88 (22.4) 0.85 (21.6) 0.96 (24.4) 5.0 (125) 6.0 (150)
B 1.20 (30.5) 1.14 (29.0) 1.32 (33.5) 6.0 (150) 9.0 (230) 9. Cast Test Bars
C 2.00 (50.8) 1.90 (48.3) 2.10 (53.3) 7.0 (175) 10.0 (255)
B
9.1 Test bars shall be separate castings poured from the
S . . . . .
same iron as the castings they represent and shall have
A
dimensions as shown in Table 2. Allowance may be made for
The diameter is the controlling section for the appropriate permanent mold
specification (see Section 9).
reasonablepatterndraftwithinthetolerancesshowninTable2.
B
All dimensions of test bar S shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
Test bars A, B, and C are all standard test bars in the form of
purchaser.
simple cylinders. Test bar S is special and is intended for use
where the controlling section of the casting is over 2 in.
5.1.5 Lot size (see Section 16).
9.2 The test bar selected shall be based on the controlling
5.1.6 Special requirements (see Section 17).
section size of the casting. This shall be determined by the
5.1.7 Special preparation for delivery (see Section 22).
dimensions of the largest cylinder that will fit into the control-
5.1.8 Saving tested specimens or unbroken test bars (see
ling section of the casting with the additional requirement that
19.1.1).
the height of the cylinder must be at least equal to its diameter.
6. Chemical Composition
9.3 The test bars shall be cast in a permanent mold. The
mold shall be of similar material, design, and construction as
6.1 The chemical composition shall be such as to produce
that used to make the production castings. The test bar
the mechanical properties required by this specification. As a
permanent mold shall be preheated with three consecutive
reference, typical compositions covering all grades are shown
pours,afterwhich,startingwiththefourthpour,thebarscanbe
in Table X1.1 in Appendix X1.
used for the tension test.Asuitable design for a mold is shown
6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser,
in Fig. 1.
chemical composition requirements may be specified.
9.4 Byspecificagreementbetweenthemanufacturerandthe
7. Heat Treatment
purchaser, test bars removed from the castings may be substi-
7.1 Although castings may be provided in the as cast tuted for separately cast test bars. The location from which the
condition, when necessary, heat treatment shall be such as to bars are taken shall be as agreed between the parties and
produce the mechanical properties required in this standard. indicated on the casting drawing or data base equivalent.
Required Features:
1. Material—Permanent molds.
2. Position—Bars vertical.
3. L—See Table 2.
4. D—See Table 2.
FIG. 1 Suitable Design and Dimensions for Mold for Separately Cast Cylindrical Test Bars for Gray Iron
A 823 – 99 (2003)
9.5 Where test specimens are to represent heat treated 13.5 If the first test results indicate that a heat treatment or
castings, they shall accompany the castings in the same heat an additional heat treatment is needed to meet the test
treat lot(s), or by agreement, be subjected to the same thermal requirements, the entire lot of castings and the representative
cycle that the castings undergo. test specimens shall be heat treated or reheat treated together.
Testing shall proceed in accordance with 13.1,13.2,13.3, and
10. Hardness Requirements
13.4 .
10.1 Brinell hardness readings taken on the castings shall
14. Tension Test Specimens
conform to the requirements in Table 1.
10.1.1 The area or areas on the castings where the hardness
14.1 For test barA, the tension test specimenA, as shown in
is to be determined shall be established by agreement between
Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test
manufacturer and purchaser and shall be shown on the casting
bar.
drawing.
14.2 For test bar B, the tension test specimen B, as shown in
10.1.2 Brinell hardness shall be determined in accordance
Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test
with Test Method E 10. Sufficient surface material shall be
bar.
removed (generally 0.010 to 0.030 in.) to ensure that the
14.3 For test bar C, tension test specimen C, as shown in
measured hardness is representative of the basic iron structure.
Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test
10.1.3 Brinell hardness measurements shall be undertaken
bar. Unless the size of the tensile test specimen to be machined
at room temperature, defined as 50–95 °F (10–35 °C).
from test bar C is specified in writing by the purchaser, the
decision whether to use tension test specimen B or C shall be
11. Dimensional Requirements
made by the manufacturer of the castings.
14.4 For test bar S, the nature and dimensions of the tension
11.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions or
drawings furnished by the purchaser, or, if there are no test specimen shall be determined by agreement between the
manufacturer and the purchaser. Test bar S is to be used
drawings,tothedimensionspredictedbythepatternequipment
supplied by the purchaser. whenever the controlling section exceeds 2 in.
12. Workmanship and Finish
15. Tension Test
12.1 The surface of the casting shall be inspected visually,
15.1 Tension testing shall be determined in accordance with
particularly in critical areas, for such surface defects as cracks,
Test Methods E 8.
hot tears, adhering sand and scale, cold shuts, and gas holes.
15.2 The tension test specimens shall fit the holders of the
12.2 No repairing by plugging or welding of any kind shall
testing machine in such a way that the load shall be axial.
be permitted unless written permission is granted by the
15.3 The elapsed time from the beginning of loading in the
purchaser.
tension test to the instant of fracture shall be not less than 15
s for test specimen A and not less than 20 s for test specimens
13. Number of Tests and Retests
BorC.
13.1 The manufacturer shall cast and prepare at least three
16. Description of a Lot
test bars for each lot of castings intended to conform to this
specification. The manufacturer shall conduct the specified
16.1 The manufacturer may define a lot as any of the
tests unless the manufacturer and purchaser agree that the tests
following:
shall be made by another qua
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