iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D2168-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Rammer Soil Compactors

Standard Test Methods for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Rammer Soil Compactors

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods for the calibration of mechanical soil compactors are for use in checking and adjusting mechanical devices used in laboratory compacting of soil and soil-aggregate in accordance with Test Methods D 698, D 1557 and other methods of a similar nature which might specify this method. Calibration for use with one method does not qualify the equipment for use with another method.
1.2 The weight of the mechanical rammer is adjusted as described in and in order to provide that the mechanical compactor will produce the same result as the manual compactor.
1.3 Two alternative procedures are provided as follows:SectionTest Method ACalibration based on the compaction of a selected soil sample5Test Method BCalibration based on the deformation of a standard lead cylinder6
1.4 If a mechanical compactor is calibrated in accordance with the requirements of either Test Method A or Test Method B, it is not necessary for it to meet the requirements of the other method.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2002
ICS
13.080.99 - Other standards related to soil quality
Technical Committee
D18 - Soil and Rock
Drafting Committee
D18.03 - Texture, Plasticity and Density Characteristics of Soils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2168-90(1996)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Rammer Soil Compactors
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D2168-02a - Standard Test Methods for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Rammer Soil Compactors
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D558/D558M-19 - Standard Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002
Referred By
ASTM D698-12(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft<sup>3</sup> (600 kN-m/m<sup>3</sup>))
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002
Referred By
ASTM D560/D560M-16 - Standard Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002
Referred By
ASTM D1883-21 - Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002
Referred By
ASTM D1557-12(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft<sup>3</sup> (2,700 kN-m/m<sup>3</sup>))
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002
Referred By
ASTM D559/D559M-15 - Standard Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002

Buy Standard

ASTM D2168-02 - Standard Test Methods for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Rammer Soil CompactorsASTM D2168-02 - Standard Test Methods for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Rammer Soil Compactors
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D2168-02 - Standard Test Methods for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Rammer Soil Compactors
English language
6 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2168 – 02
Standard Test Methods for
Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Rammer Soil
1
Compactors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * D 1557 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56 000 ft-lbf/ft (2700
1.1 These test methods for the calibration of mechanical soil
3
2
kn-m/m ))
compactors are for use in checking and adjusting mechanical
D 2487 Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
devices used in laboratory compacting of soil and soil-
2
(Unified Soil Classification System)
aggregate in accordance with Test Methods D 698, D 1557 and
D 3740 Practice for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or
other methods of a similar nature which might specify this
Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used Ingineering Design
method. Calibration for use with one method does not qualify
2
and Construction
the equipment for use with another method.
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
1.2 The weight of the mechanical rammer is adjusted as
3
poses
described in 5.4 and 6.5 in order to provide that the mechanical
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
compactor will produce the same result as the manual com-
4
Ventilation Ovens
pactor.
1.3 Two alternative procedures are provided as follows:
3. Significance and Use
Section
3.1 Mechanical compactors are commonly used to replace
Test Method A Calibration based on the compaction of a 5
selected soil sample
the hand compactors required for Test Methods D 698 and
Test Method B Calibration based on the deformation of a 6
D 1557 in cases where it is necessary to increase production.
standard lead cylinder
3.2 The design of mechanical compactors is such that it is
1.4 If a mechanical compactor is calibrated in accordance
necessary to have a calibration process that goes beyond
with the requirements of either Test Method A or Test Method
determining the mass and drop of the hammer.
B, it is not necessary for it to meet the requirements of the other
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
method.
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
criteria is Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent
information only.
and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;
Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 For Test Method A, in addition to the apparatus require-
2. Referenced Documents ments specified in Test Methods D 698 and D 1557, the
following is required:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.1 Drying Oven——Thermostatically controlled oven,
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
2
preferably of the forced-draft type, meeting the requirements
Fluids
for Specification E 145 and capable of maintaining a uniform
D 698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
temperature of 140 6 5°F (60 6 12°C) throughout the drying
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3 2
chamber.
kn-m/m ))
4.2 For Test Method B, in addition to the apparatus require-
ments specified in Test Methods D 698 and D 1557, the
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
following are required:
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D 18.03 on Texture,
Plasticity, and Density Characteristies of Soils.
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally
3
published as D 2168 – 90. Last previous edition D 2168 – 90(1996). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
N
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D6169/D6169M-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Subsurface Soil and Rock Sampling Devices for Environmental and Geotechnical Investigations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Direct observation of the subsurface by the collection of soil and rock samples is an essential part of investigation for geotechnical and environmental purposes. This guide provides information on the major types of soil and rock sampling devices to assist in selection of devices that are suitable for known site geologic conditions, and provide samples that meet project objectives. This guide should not be used as a substitute for consulting with professional experience in sampling soil or rock in similar formations before determining the best method and type of sampling.  
4.2 This guide should be used in conjunction with Guide D6286 on drilling methods and sampling equipment, and diamond drilling Guide D2113. Drilling and sampler specific practices and guides listed throughout this guide are used as part of developing a detailed site investigation and sampling plan. The sampling plan should start with development of a site conceptual model and phased investigations to locate sampling sites (D420, D6286). The selection of sampling equipment and sampling devices goes hand-in-hand. In some cases, soil sample requirements may influence choice of drilling method, or conversely, types of available sampling equipment may influence choice of sampling devices.  
4.3 Samples should be handled in accordance with Practice D4220/D4220M, for preserving and transporting soil samples, Practice D5079 for preserving and transporting rock core samples for geotechnical purposes. For environmental work sample handling procedures should be in accordance with Practice D6640 for collection and handling of soils obtained in core barrel samplers for environmental investigations, Practice D3694 for preparation of sample containers and for preservation of organic constituents, and Practice D5088 for decontamination of field equipment used at waste sites.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers guidance for the selection of soil and rock sampling devices used for the purpose of characterizing in situ physical and hydraulic properties, chemical characteristics, subsurface lithology, stratigraphy and structure, and hydrogeologic units in geotechnical and environmental investigations.  
1.2 This guide should be used in conjunction with referenced ASTM Guides D420 and D5730, and individual practices for sampling devices referenced in 2.1. Soil and rock samplers are most often used in drilled/pushed boreholes using various drilling methods/technologies in Guide D6286 and it addresses ability to use these samplers.  
1.3 Refer to Practice D6640 and Guide D4547 for handling of samples for environmental investigations. Practices D4220/D4220M and D5079 are used for preserving and transporting soil and rock samples.  
1.4 This guide does not address selection of sampling devices for hand-held soil sampling equipment (Guide D4700) and soil sample collection with solid-stem augering devices (Practice D1452/D1452M), or collection of grab samples or hand-carved block samples (D7015/D7015M) from accessible excavations. Refer to X1.2 for additional guidance on use of soil and rock sampling devices for both environmental and geotechnical applications.  
1.5 This guide does not address devices for collecting cores from submerged sediments or other sampling devices for solid wastes. Refer to Guides D4823 and D6232 for these materials.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document canno...

  • Guide
    28 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    28 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6230-21e1(Practice)
Standard Practices for Monitoring Earth or Structural Movement Using Inclinometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 An inclinometer is a deformation monitoring system, which uses a grooved pipe or casing with internal longitudinal grooves aligned with the anticipated direction of movement, installed in either a soil/rock mass or a geotechnical structural element. The inclinometer casing can be surveyed with a single traversing probe or with an array of in-place inclinometer (IPI) gauges connected to a data logger. The measurement and calculation of deformation normal to the axis of the inclinometer casing is done by passing a probe along the length of this pipe or placement of a sensor array, guided by the internal grooves. The probe or sensor array measures the inclination of the pipe, usually in two orthogonal directions 90° apart (X- and Y-direction) with respect to the axis of the casing (Z-direction, usually the line of gravity). Measurements are converted to distances using trigonometric functions. Successive surveys compared with an initial survey give differences in position and indicate deformation normal to the axis of the inclinometer casing. In most cases the inclinometer casing is installed in a near-vertical hole, and the measurements indicate subsurface horizontal deformation. In some cases, the inclinometer casing is installed horizontally, and the measurements indicate vertical deformation.  
4.2 Inclinometers are also called slope inclinometers or slope indicators. Typical applications include measuring the rate and direction of landslide movement and locating the zone of shearing, monitoring the magnitude and rate of horizontal movements for embankments and excavations, monitoring the settlement and lateral spread beneath tanks and embankments, and monitoring the deflection of bulkheads, piles or structural walls.
Note 1: The precision of this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the use of inclinometers to monitor the internal movement of ground, or lateral movement of subsurface structures. The standard covers types of instruments, installation procedures, operating procedures, and maintenance requirements. The standard also provides formulae for data reduction.  
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this standard.  
1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.4 This standard offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this standard may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s man...

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8170-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Using Disposable Handheld Soil Core Samplers for the Collection and Storage of Soil for Volatile Organic Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is for the use of disposable handheld soil core samplers in collecting and storing approximately 5 or 25 g soil samples for volatile organic analysis in a manner that reduces loss of contaminants due to volatilization or biodegradation. In general, an initial soil core sample is collected (see Guides D6169/D6169M and D6282/D6282M) and the disposable handheld soil core sampler is then used to collect the 5 or 25 g soil sample from the initial soil core sample. The disposable handheld soil core sampler can also serve as a sample storage chamber.  
5.2 The physical integrity of the soil sample is maintained during sample collection, storage, and transfer in the laboratory for analysis or preservation.  
5.3 During sample collection, storage, and transfer, there is very limited exposure of the sample to the atmosphere.  
5.4 Laboratory subsampling is not required for samples collected following this guide. The sample is expelled directly from the coring body/storage chamber into the appropriate container for analysis, or preservation, at the analytical laboratory without disrupting the integrity of the sample. Subsampling from the disposable handheld soil core sampler should not be performed to obtain smaller sample sizes for analysis.  
5.5 This guide specifies sample storage in the disposable handheld soil core sampler at 4 ± 2°C for up to 48 h.  
5.6 This guide does not use methanol preservation or other chemical preservatives in the field. As a result, there are no problems associated with flammability hazards, shipping restrictions, or dilution of samples containing low volatile concentrations due to solvents being added to samples in the field.  
5.7 The disposable handheld soil core samplers are single-use devices. They should not be cleaned or reused.  
5.8 This disposable handheld soil core samplers cannot be used for collecting cemented material, consolidated material, or material having fragments wider than the mouth of the device or coa...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for application to soils that may contain volatile organic compounds.  
1.2 This guide provides a general procedure and considerations associated with using a disposable handheld soil core sampler to collect and temporarily store a soil sample for volatile organic analysis.  
1.3 In general, an initial soil sample is collected (see Guides D6169/D6169M and D6282/D6282M) and the disposable handheld soil core sampler is then used to collect the 5 or 25 g soil sample from the initial soil core sample. The disposable handheld soil core sampler can also serve as a sample storage chamber. It is recommended that this standard be used in conjunction with Guides D4547, D4687, D6169/D6169M, D6232, D6282/D6282M, D6418, and D6640, as appropriate, which provide information on the collection of the initial soil core sample.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.6 This standard doe...

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6286/D6286M-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Drilling and Direct Push Methods for Geotechnical and Environmental Subsurface Site Characterization

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The 1998 edition of this standard was written solely for selection of drilling methods for environmental applications and specifically for installation of groundwater monitoring wells. The second revision was made to include geotechnical applications since many of the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations discussed extensively throughout this document also apply to geotechnical design use such as data collection (sampling and in-situ testing) for construction design and instrumentation. Besides installation of monitoring wells (D5092/D5092M, D6724/D6724M), Environmental investigations are also made for sampling, in-situ testing, and installation of aquifer testing boreholes (D4044/D4044M, D4050).  
4.2 There are other guides for geotechnical investigations addressing drilling methods such as in Eurocode (1, 2)5, U.S. Federal Highway Administration, (3, 4), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, (5), and U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (6, 7). An authoritative Handbook on Environmental Site Characterization and Ground-Water Monitoring was compiled by Nielsen (8) which addresses drilling methods in detail including the advent of Direct Push methods developed for environmental investigations. Two other major drilling guides have been written by the National Drilling Association (9) and from the Australia Drilling Industry Training Committee (10) and these guides are user for the drillers.  
4.3 Table 1 lists sixteen classes of methods addressed in this guide. The selection of particular method(s) for drilling/push boring requires that specific characteristics of each site be considered. This guide is intended to make the user aware of some of the various drilling/push boring methods available and the applications, advantages, and disadvantages of each with respect to determining geotechnical and environmental exploration. (A) Actual achievable drilled depths will vary depending on the ambient geohydrologic conditions existing at the site and size of drilling/push boring e...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides descriptions of various methods for site characterization along with advantages and disadvantages associated with each method discussed. This guide is intended to aid in the selection of drilling method(s) for geotechnical and environmental soil and rock borings for sampling, testing, and installation of wells, or other instrumentation. It does not address drilling for foundation improvement, drinking water wells, or special horizontal drilling techniques for utilities.  
1.2 This guide cannot address all possible subsurface conditions that may occur such as, geologic, topographic, climatic, or anthropogenic. Site evaluation for engineering, design, and construction purposes is addressed in Guide D420. Soil and rock sampling in drill holes is addressed in Guide D6169/D6169M. Pertinent guides and practices addressing specific drilling methods, equipment, and procedures are listed in Section 2. Guide D5730 provides information on most all aspects of environmental site characterization.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (given in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address all methods and the issues associated with drilling for geotechnical and environmental purposes. Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be most successful for their site investigation. Other methods may be available for these methods and qualified professionals should have flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this guide. The guide is current at the time of issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior ...

  • Guide
    28 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    28 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8199-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Specific Strength of Hydraulically Applied Fiber Matrix Products for Erosion Control

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Specific strength is a measure of the ability of a fiber matrix product to withstand force applied by a tensile machine and is useful to understand in order to produce quality products. Specific strength is frequently related to the matrix density, fiber quality, fiber length and chemistry and can be used as a measurement for quality assurance or quality control, or both requirements.  
5.2 This method may not be applicable to all hydraulically applied fiber matrix products due to variations in product chemistry.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a quantitative test method to determine the specific strength of hydraulically applied fiber matrix products using dry and wet preparation methods in a laboratory setting. This method is designed for use as an index test for product quality assurance or quality control, or both to comply with manufacturing requirements. This test method is not indicative of product performance in the field.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8151-19e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Obtaining Rainfall Runoff from Unvegetated Rolled and Hydraulic Erosion Control Products (RECPs and HECPs) for Acute Ecotoxicity Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A large number of erosion control product manufacturers produce a variety of RECPs and HECPs that are designed to be applied to any land surface to stabilize soils and prevent erosion. Many of these products are engineered to absorb moisture and remain in place even under extreme rainfall events and are composed of substances that could go into solution with runoff. Based on the characteristics of these products and their intended and actual use in the environment, the most likely scenario through which aquatic organisms would be exposed to these products or their soluble components is through storm water runoff. Further, because such runoff events typically last for minutes to hours rather than days, use of acute (48 h) toxicity testing methodology is appropriate to model expected environment exposures.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the guidelines, requirements, and procedures for obtaining rainfall runoff of unvegetated rolled and hydraulic erosion control products (RECPs and HECPs) during bench-scale conditions from simulated rainfall to be sent out for acute ecotoxicity testing.  
1.2 This practice obtains unvegetated erosion control product (ECP) runoff from rainsplash-induced erosion under bench-scale conditions using bench-scale collection procedures.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Dev...

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6276-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The soil-lime pH test is performed as a test to indicate the soil-lime proportion needed to maintain the elevated pH necessary for sustaining the reactions required to stabilize a soil. The test derives from Eades and Grim.4  
5.2 Performance tests are normally conducted in a laboratory to verify the results of this test method.  
5.3 This test method will not provide reliable information relative to the potential reactivity of a particular soil, nor will it provide information on the magnitude of increased strength to be realized upon treatment of this soil with the indicated percentage of lime.  
5.4 This test method can be used to estimate the percentage of lime as hydrated lime or quicklime needed to produce a lime stabilized soil. Common candidate soils contain clay minerals and have a Plasticity Index ≥10.  
5.5 Agricultural lime (crushed limestone) will not stabilize soil.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means for estimating the soil-lime proportion requirement for stabilization of a soil. This test method is performed on soil passing the 425μm (No. 40) sieve. The optimum soil-lime proportion for soil stabilization is determined by tests of specific characteristics of stabilized soil such as unconfined compressive strength or plasticity index.  
1.2 Some highly alkaline by-products (lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, carbide lime, and so forth) have been successfully used to stabilize soil. This test method is not intended for these materials and any such product would need to be tested for specific characteristics as indicated in 1.1.  
1.3 This test method is used to determine the percentage of lime that results in a soil-lime pH of approximately 12.4.
Note 1: Under ideal laboratory conditions of 25°C and sea level elevation, the pH of the lime-soil-water solution should be 12.4.  
1.4 Lime is not an effective stabilizing agent for all soils. Some soil components such as sulfates, phosphates, organics, and iron can adversely affect soil-lime reactions and may produce erroneous results using this test method.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/ recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis for engineering data.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on st...

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7300-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Strength Properties of Frozen Soil at a Constant Rate of Strain

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Understanding the mechanical properties of frozen soils is of primary importance to frozen ground engineering. Data from strain rate controlled compression tests are necessary for the design of most foundation elements embedded in, or bearing on frozen ground. They make it possible to predict the time-dependent settlements of piles and shallow foundations under service loads, and to estimate their short and long-term bearing capacity. Such tests also provide quantitative parameters for the stability analysis of underground structures that are created for permanent or semi-permanent use.  
5.2 It must be recognized that the structure of frozen soil in situ and its behavior under load may differ significantly from that of an artificially prepared specimen in the laboratory. This is mainly due to the fact that natural permafrost ground may contain ice in many different forms and sizes, in addition to the pore ice contained in a small laboratory specimen. These large ground-ice inclusions (such as ice lenses, a dominant horizontal, lens-shaped body of ice of any dimensions) will considerably affect the time-dependent behavior of full-scale engineering structures.  
5.3 In order to obtain reliable results, high-quality intact representative permafrost samples are required for compression strength tests. The quality of the sample depends on the type of frozen soil sampled, the in situ thermal condition at the time of sampling, the sampling method, and the transportation and storage procedures prior to testing. The best testing program can be ruined by poor-quality samples. In addition, one must always keep in mind that the application of laboratory results to practical problems requires much caution and engineering judgment.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generall...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the strength behavior of cylindrical specimens of frozen soil, subjected to uniaxial compression under controlled rates of strain. It specifies the apparatus, instrumentation, and procedures for determining the stress-strain-time, or strength versus strain rate relationships for frozen soils under deviatoric creep conditions.  
1.2 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.3.1 For the purposes of comparing measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.  
1.3.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of ...

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2168-10(2018)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Rammer Soil Compactors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Mechanical compactors are commonly used to replace the hand compactors required for Test Methods D698 and D1557 in cases where it is necessary to increase production.  
3.2 The design of mechanical compactors is such that it is necessary to have a calibration process that goes beyond determining the mass and drop of the hammer.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria in Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices for the calibration of mechanical soil compactors are for use in checking and adjusting mechanical devices used in laboratory compacting of soil and soil-aggregate in accordance with Test Methods D698, D1557, Practice D6026, and other methods of a similar nature that might specify these practices. Calibration for use with one practice does not qualify the equipment for use with another practice.  
1.2 The weight of the mechanical rammer is adjusted as described in 5.4 and 6.5 in order to provide for the mechanical compactor to produce the same result as the manual compactor.  
1.3 Two alternative procedures are provided as follows:    
Section  
Practice A  
Calibration based on the compaction of a
selected soil sample  
5  
Practice B  
Calibration based on the deformation of a
standard lead cylinder  
6  
1.4 If a mechanical compactor is calibrated in accordance with the requirements of either Practice A or Practice B, it is not necessary for the mechanical compactor to meet the requirements of the other practice.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5.1 It is common practice in the engineering profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and a force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. This standard has been written using the gravitational system of units when dealing with the inch-pound system. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or the recording of density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as a nonconformance with this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8152-18(Practice)
Standard Practice for Measuring Field Infiltration Rate and Calculating Field Hydraulic Conductivity Using the Modified Philip Dunne Infiltrometer Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice shall only be used on soils having infiltration rates ranging from 2.5 mm/h (field hydraulic conductivity of 6.9 × 10-7 m/s) to 15000 mm/h (field hydraulic conductivity of 4.0 × 10-3 m/s).  
5.2 This practice is useful for field measurement of the infiltration rate and calculation of field hydraulic conductivity of soils. It was initially developed for stormwater treatment applications, and has been used to design, verify the construction of, and perform annual testing on surface drainage applications such as rain gardens or storm water collection systems (1). Other suitable applications include evaluation of potential septic-tank disposal fields (ASTM D5879 and D5921), leaching and drainage efficiencies, irrigation requirements, erosion potential, forestry, agriculture, and water spreading and recharge, among other applications. This test is not intended for use in hydraulic barriers/seals such as landfill liners, nuclear waste repositories, or the core of a dam. This test is also not intended for use in soils that experience changes in volume during infiltration, such as collapsible or expansive soils.  
5.3 Field hydraulic conductivity can only be calculated when the hydraulic boundary conditions are known, such as hydraulic gradient and the extent of lateral flow of water, or these can be reliably estimated.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.  
5.4 A mathematical analysis has been developed for this test that follows the Green-Ampt a...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for field measurement of the infiltration rate of liquid (typically water) into soils using the modified Philip Dunne (MPD) infiltrometer. The data from the field measurement is then used to calculate the field hydraulic conductivity. Soils should be regarded as natural occurring fine or coarse-grained soils or processed materials or mixtures of natural soils and processed materials, or other porous materials, and which are basically insoluble and are in accordance with requirements of 5.1.  
1.2 This practice may be conducted at the ground surface or at given depths in pits, on bare soil or with vegetation in place, depending on the conditions for which infiltration rates are desired. However, this practice cannot be conducted where the test surface is at or below the groundwater table, a perched water table, or the capillary fringe.  
1.3 This practice is for soils within a range of infiltration rate range defined in 5.1, as long as an adequate seal can be made between the MPD Infiltrometer base and the soil being tested. In highly permeable soils, readings can be taken at shorter intervals, to ensure that enough data are collected to determine the infiltration rate.  
1.4 The field measurement is a falling head test that can be performed relatively quickly (30 to 60 minutes) in silty sand or clayey sand soils suitable for stormwater infiltration practices. It is suitable for testing several locations across a site, to characterize the spatial variability of the infiltration rate throughout the site.  
1.5 The field measurement can be used to measure the infiltration rate, which can be used to calculate the field hydraulic conductivity. The field hydraulic conductivity can be used as an index to compare the suitability of soils for use in the development of surface drainage applications (for example, rain gardens or stormwater fills).  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI unit...

  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off