ASTM D4516-00

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Designation:D4516–00
Standard Practice for
Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope to change. To effectively evaluate system performance, it is
necessary to compare permeate flow and salt passage data at
1.1 This practice covers the standardization of permeate
the same conditions. Since data may not always be obtained at
flow and salt passage data for reverse osmosis (RO) systems.
the same conditions, it is necessary to convert the RO data
1.2 This practice is applicable to waters including brackish
obtained at actual conditions to a set of selected constant
waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste
conditions, thereby standardizing the data. This practice gives
waters.
the procedure to standardize RO data.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 This practice can be used for both spiral wound and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
hollow fiber systems.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.3 This practice can be used for a single element or a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
multi-element system. However, if the RO system is brine
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
staged, that is, the brine from one group of RO devices is the
2. Referenced Documents
feedtoasecondgroupofROdevices,standardizethepermeate
flow and salt passage for each stage separately.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.4 This practice is applicable for reverse osmosis systems
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
with high rejections and with no significant leaks between the
D 4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-
feed-brine and permeate streams.
verse Osmosis Devices
D 6161 Terminology Used for Crossflow Microfiltration,
6. Procedure
Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
6.1 Standardization of Permeate Flow:
3. Terminology 6.1.1 Calculate the permeate flow at standard conditions
using Eq 1:
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
Terminology D 1129.
DP
fbs
P 2 2 P 2p 1p TCF
~ !
F fs ps fbs psG s
3.2 For description of terms relating to reverse osmosis, 2
Q 5 ~Q ! (1)
ps pa
DP
refer to Test Method D 4194 and Terminology D 6161.
fba
P 2 2 P 2p 1p ~TCF !
F G
fa pa fba pa a
4. Summary of Practice
where:
4.1 This practice consists of calculating the permeate flow
Q = permeate flow at standard conditions,
ps
and salt passage of RO systems at a standard set of conditions
P = feed pressure at standard conditions, kpa,
fs
using data obtained at actual operating conditions.
DP
= one half device pressure drop at standard condi-
fbs
tions, kpa,
5. Significance and Use
P = permeate pressure at standard conditions, kpa,
ps
5.1 During the operation of an RO system, system condi-
p = feed-brine osmotic pressure at standard condi-
fbs
tions such as pressure, temperature, conversion, and feed
tions, kpa,
concentration can vary, causing permeate flow and salt passage
p = permeate osmotic pressure at standard condi-
ps
tions, kpa,
TCF = temperature correction factor at standard condi-
s
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
tions,
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
Q = permeate flow at actual conditions,
Exchange Materials. pa
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2000. Published April 2000. Originally P = feed pressure at actual conditions, kpa,
fa
published as D 4516 – 85. Last previous edition D 4516 – 85 (1994). DP
= one half device pressure drop at actual condi-
fba
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
tions, kpa,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4516–00
~T 225!
a
TCF 5 1.03 (4)
P = permeate pressure at actual conditions, kpa,
a
pa
p = feed-brine osmotic pressure at actual conditions,
fba
where:
kpa,
T = temperature at standard conditions, °C, and
s
p = permeate osmotic pressure at actual conditions,
pa
T = temperature at actual conditions, °C.
a
kpa, and
6.4 In Eq 1 and Eq 2, p and p are calculated from the
fba fbs
TCF = temperature correction factor at actual condi-
a
concentration of salt (expressed as mg/L NaCl) in the feed and
tions.
brine streams. SeeAnnexA1 for the procedure to calculate the
6.2 Standardization of Salt Passage:
concentrations of salt in feed stream as mg/L NaCl.
6.2.1 Calculate the salt passage at standard conditions
6.4.1 The concentration of salt in the brine stream is
using Eq 2:
calculated using Eq 5:
%SP 5 [EPF /EPF 3 [STCF /STCF 3 C /C ! 3 C /Cfs!
# # ~ ~
s a s a s fbs fba fa
C 5 C /~1 2 Y! (5)
b f
3 %SP (2)
a
where:
where:
C = concentrati
...