ASTM B395/B395M-18

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B395/B395M − 16 B395/B395M − 18
Standard Specification for
U-Bend Seamless Copper and Copper Alloy Heat Exchanger
and Condenser Tubes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B395/B395M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for condenser, evaporator, and heat exchanger U-bend tubes that are
manufactured from seamless copper and copper alloy tube.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text,
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This specification is applicable to product 2 in. [50 mm] or less, inclusive, in diameter.
1.4 The product shall be produced from one of the following coppers or copper alloys, as specified in the ordering information:
Copper or
Previously Used
Copper Alloy Type of Metal
Designation
UNS No.
A
C10200 OF oxygen-free without residual deoxidants
C10300 . oxygen-free, extra low phosphorus
C10800 . oxygen-free, low phosphorus
A
C12000 DLP phosphorized, low residual phosphorus
A
C12200 DHP phosphorized, high residual
phosphorus
A
C14200 DPA phosphorized, arsenical
C19200 . phosphorized, 1 % iron
C23000 . red brass
C44300 Type B admiralty metal
C44400 Type C admiralty metal
C44500 Type D admiralty metal
C60800 . aluminum bronze
C68700 Type B aluminum brass
C70400 . 95-5 copper-nickel
C70600 . 90-10 copper-nickel
C70620 . 90-10 copper-nickel-
(modified for welding)
C71000 . 80-20 copper-nickel
C71500 . 70-30 copper-nickel
C71520 . 70-30 copper-nickel-
(modified for welding)
C72200 . copper-nickel
A
Designations listed in Classification B224.
1.5 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification.
1.5.1 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a
hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipe and
Tube.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016March 1, 2018. Published November 2016April 2018. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20132016
as B395/B395M – 13.B395/B395M – 16. DOI: 10.1520/B0395_B0395M-16.10.1520/B0395_B0395M-18.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SB-395 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B395/B395M − 18
and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable
product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury
containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.)
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date of material purchase form a part of this specification to the extent
referenced herein:
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing
B154 Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper Alloys
B224 Classification of Coppers
B601 Classification for Temper Designations for Copper and Copper Alloys—Wrought and Cast
B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
B858 Test Method for Ammonia Vapor Test for Determining Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Copper Alloys
B900 Practice for Packaging of Copper and Copper Alloy Mill Products for U.S. Government Agencies
B968/B968M Test Method for Flattening of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tube
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E53 Test Method for Determination of Copper in Unalloyed Copper by Gravimetry
E62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and Copper Alloys (Photometric Methods) (Withdrawn 2010)
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E118 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper-Chromium Alloys (Withdrawn 2010)
E243 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examination of Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes
E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for the Determination of Chemical Composition
E478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper Alloys
E2575 Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygen in Copper and Copper Alloys (Withdrawn 2017)
2.3 Other Standards:Standard:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copper alloys, refer to Terminology B846.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 dual-gage tube, n—a tube which has more than one wall-gage thickness contained within the length of the tube.
3.2.2 squareness of cut, n—the maximum deviation of one side of a cross section of tube from the opposite side, when measured
against the projected perpendicularity of the plane of the projected center of the tube at the ends.
3.2.3 u-bend tube, n—a tube bent 180° in a single plane into a U-shape.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Include the following specified choices when placing orders for product under this specification, as applicable:
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
4.1.2 Copper or copper alloy UNS No. designation (Section 6),
4.1.3 Temper (Section 7),
4.1.4 Dimensions—X–diameter and wall thickness of the tube (see 12.1 and 12.2),
4.1.5 Schedule of bending radii (must include the number of pieces of each radii) (see 12.2.5),
4.1.6 Length of U-bend tube legs (see 12.2.8),
4.1.7 If the product is to be subsequently welded (see Table 1), and
4.1.8 Intended application, and
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
B395/B395M − 18
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Copper or Composition,%
Copper
Nickel, Other
Lead,
Alloy
Copper Tin Aluminum incl Iron Zinc Manganese Arsenic Antimony Phosphorus Chromium Named
max
UNS No.
Cobalt Elements
A,B
C10200 99.95 . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ppm
min max O
A C
C10300 99.95 . . . . . . . . . 0.001–0.005 . .
min
A C
C10800 99.95 . . . . . . . . . 0.005–0.012 . .
min
A
C12000 99.90 . . . . . . . . . 0.004–0.012 . .
min
A
C12200 99.9 min . . . . . . . . . 0.015–0.040 . .
A
C14200 99.4 min . . . . . . . 0.15–0.50 . 0.015–0.040 . .
D
C19200 98.5 min . . . . 0.8–1.2 0.20 . . . 0.01–0.04 . .
max
D
C23000 84.0–86.0 . . . 0.05 0.05 remainder . . . . . .
max
E
C44300 70.0–73.0 0.9–1.2 . . 0.07 0.06 remainder . 0.02–0.06 . . . .
max
E
C44400 70.0–73.0 0.9–1.2 . . 0.07 0.06 remainder . . 0.02–0.10 . . .
max
E
C44500 70.0–73.0 0.9–1.2 . . 0.07 0.06 remainder . . . 0.02–0.10 . .
max
A,F
C60800 remainder . 5.0–6.5 . 0.10 0.10 . . 0.02–0.35 . . . .
max
A,F
C68700 76.0–79.0 . 1.8–2.5 . 0.07 0.06 remainder . 0.02–0.06 . . . .
max
A,F
C70400 remainder . . 4.8–6.2 0.05 1.3–1.7 1.0 0.30 to . . . . .
max 0.8
A,F G
C70600 remainder . . 9.0–11.0 0.05 1.0–1.8 1.0 1.0 max . . . . .
max
A,F
C70620 86.5 min . . 9.0–11.0 0.02 1.0–1.8 0.50 1.0 max . . 0.02 max . 0.05C max
max 0.02S max
A,F,G G G G
C71000 remainder . . 19.0–23.0 0.05 1.0 1.0 1.0 . . .
G G
max max max
A,F
C71500 remainder . . 29.0–33.0 0.05 0.40–1.0 1.0 1.0 max . . . . .
max
A,F
C71520 65.0 min . . 29.0–33.0 0.02 0.40–1.0 0.50 1.0 max . . 0.02 max . 0.05C max
max 0.02S max
A,D,G G G G,H
C72200 remainder . . 15.0–18.0 0.05 0.50–1.0 1.0 1.0 max . . . 0.30–0.70
G
max
A
Silver counting as copper.
B
This is a high conductivity copper which has, in the annealed condition, a minimum conductivity of 101 % IACS.
C
Includes P.
D
Cu + sum of named elements, 99.8 % min.
E
Cu + sum of named elements, 99.6 % min.
F
Cu + sum of named elements, 99.5 % min.
G
When the product is for subsequent welding applications, and so specified by the purchaser, zinc shall be 0.50 %, max, lead 0.02 %, max, phosphorus 0.02 %, max, sulfur 0.02 %, max, and carbon 0.05 %, max.
H
Silicon shall be 0.03 % max, titanium shall be 0.03 % max.

B395/B395M − 18
4.1.9 If the product is to be for U.S. Government.
4.2 The following options are available but may not be included unless specified at the time of placing of the order when
required:
4.2.1 Heat identification or traceability details (see 5.1.2).
4.2.2 Tension test (see 9.1),
4.2.3 Relief anneal of U-bent portion of copper-nickel U-bend tubes (see 7.6),
4.2.4 Dual-gage, a schedule of tubes required in dual-gage and length of heavy gage section must be furnished with this option
(see 5.2.2 and 12.2.3),
4.2.5 Flattening Test (Section 10.2).
4.2.6 Expansion Test (Section 10.1).
4.2.7 Certification, if required (see Section 21), and
4.2.8 Mill Test Report, if required (see Section 22).
4.3 If product is purchased for agencies of the U.S. Government, it shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in
the Supplementary Requirements section, when specified in the contract or purchase order.
4.4 If product is ordered for ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Application (See Certification Section 21).
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Materials:
5.1.1 The material of manufacture shall be of the copper alloys defined in 1.4 and of such quality and purity that the finished
product shall have the properties and characteristics prescribed in this specification for the applicable alloy and temper.
5.1.2 When specified in the contract or purchase order that heat identification or traceability is required, the purchaser shall
specify the details desired.
NOTE 1—Due to the discontinuous nature of the processing of casting into wrought products, it is not always practical to identify a specific casting
analysis with a specific quantity of material.
5.2 Manufacture:
5.2.1 The product shall be manufactured by such hot working, cold working and annealing processes as to produce a uniform
wrought structure in the finished product.
5.2.2 Tubes required to be U-bent to a small radius shall, if specified, be furnished as dual-gage tubes.
5.2.2.1 These tubes shall be made prior to U-bending with the wall thickness of the central section of the tube length, increased
the equivalent of one Stubs’ or Birmingham Wire Gage (BWG) thicker than the wall thickness specified for the straight leg portion
of the U-bend tube.
5.2.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, dual-gage tubes shall be made to constant inside diameter; that is, the increased wall
thickness shall be obtained by increasing the outside diameter of the finished tube in the central heavy gage section.
5.2.3 The bent portion of the U-bend tube shall be substantially uniform in curvature.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements specified in Table 1 for the copper or copper alloy
UNS No. designation specified in the ordering information.
6.1.1 Results of analysis on a product (check) sample shall conform to the composition requirements within the permitted
analytical variance specified in Table 1.
6.2 These composition limits do not preclude the presence of unnamed elements. By agreement between the manufacturer and
purchaser, limits may be established and analysis required for unnamed elements.
6.3 Copper Alloy UNS No. C19200—Copper may be taken as the difference between the sum of all the elements analyzed and
100 %.
6.4 For copper alloys in which copper is specified as the remainder, copper may be taken as the difference between the sum of
all the elements analyzed and 100 %.
6.5 For copper alloys in which zinc is specified as the remainder, either copper or zinc may be taken as the difference between
the sum of all the elements analyzed and 100 %.
7. Temper
7.1 Tempers, as defined in Classification B601, are as follows:
7.2 Prior to U-bending, tubes of Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C23000, C44300, C44400, C44500, C60800, C68700, C70400,
C70600, C70620, C71000, C71500, C71520, and C72200 shall be in the annealed temper (O61), unless otherwise specified in the
purchase order.
B395/B395M − 18
7.3 Prior to bending, U-bend tubes of Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, and C14200 shall
be in light drawn temper (H55). Tubes of Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C70400, C70600, C70620, and C72200 shall, if specified, be
made in the light-drawn temper (H55).
7.4 Prior to bending, U-bend tubes of Copper Alloy UNS No. C19200 shall be in the annealed (O61) or light drawn temper
(H55) as specified.
7.5 Prior to bending, U-bend tubes of Copper Alloy UNS No. C71500 or C71520 shall be made in the drawn, stress-relieved
temper (HR50), when specified.
7.6 The U-bend portion of tubes furnished in Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C23000, C44300, C44400, C44500, C60800, and C68700
shall be relief annealed (HR) after bending. If specified, the U-bend portion of tubes furnished in Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C70400,
C70600, C70620, C71000, C71500, C71520, and C72200 shall be relief annealed (HR) after bending.
NOTE 2—Some tubes, when subjected to aggressive environments, may be subject to stress-corrosion cracking failure because of the residual tensile
stresses developed in straightening. For such applications, it is suggested that tubes of Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C23000, C44300, C44400, C44500,
C60800, and C68700 be subjected to a stress relieving (HR) thermal treatment subsequent to straightening. If required, this must be specified on the
purchase order or contract. Tolerances for roundness and length, and the condition of straightness, for tube so ordered, shall be to the requirements agreed
upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.
8. Grain Size for Annealed Tempers
8.1 Grain size shall be the standard requirement for all product in annealed tempers.
8.2 Acceptance or rejection based upon grain size shall depend only on the average grain size of a test specimen taken from
each of two sample portions and each specimen shall be within the limits of 0.010 to 0.045 mm when determined in accordance
with Test Methods E112.
8.3 The requirements of this section do not apply to product of the light-drawn temper (H55) drawn, stress-relieved temper
(HR50), or to the U-bent portion of the product.
9. Mechanical Property Requirements
9.1 Tensile Strength Requirements:
9.1.1 Product specified to meet the requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code shall have tensile properties as
prescribed in Table 2 for product specified in inch-pound units or Table 3 for product specified in SI units. When tested in
accordance with Test Methods E8/E8M.
10. Performance Requirements
10.1 Expansion Test:
10.1.1 When specified in the contract or purchaser order, tube specimens selected for test shall withstand the expansion shown
in Table 4 when expanded in accordance with Test Method B153.
10.1.2 The expanded tube shall show no cracking or other defects visible to the unaided eye.
10.2 Flattening Test:
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements (Inch-Pound)
NOTE 1—For SI values, see Table 3.
Temper Designation Tensile Yield
Elongation in
A
Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No. Strength, Strength,
2 in., min, %
B B
Temper Code Temper Name
min, ksi min, ksi
C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, H55 light drawn 36 30 .
C14200
C19200 H55 light drawn 40 35 .
C19200 O61 annealed 38 12 .
C23000 O61 annealed 40 12 .
C44300, C44400, C44500 O61 annealed 45 15 .
C60800 O61 annealed 50 19 .
C68700 O61 annealed 50 18 .
C70400 O61 annealed 38 12 .
C70400 H55 light drawn 40 30 .
C70600, C70620 O61 annealed 40 15 .
C70600, C70620 H55 light drawn 45 35 .
C71000 O61 annealed 45 16 .
C71500, C71520 O61 annealed 52 18 .
For wall thicknesses up to 0.048 in., incl HR50 drawn, stress-relieved 72 50 12
For wall thicknesses over 0.048 in. HR50 drawn, stress-relieved 72 50 15
C72200 O61 annealed 45 16 .
C72200 H55 light drawn 50 45 .
B395/B395M − 18
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements (SI)
NOTE 1—For Inch-Pound values, see Table 2.
Temper Designation Tensile Yield Elongation in
A
Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No. Strength, Strength, 50.8 mm,
Temper Code Temper Name
min, MPa min, MPa min, %
C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, H55 light drawn 250 205 .
C12200, C14200
C19200 H55 light drawn 275 240 .
C19200 O61 annealed 260 85 .
C23000 O61 annealed 275 85 .
C44300, C44400, C44500 O61 annealed 310 105 .
C60800 O61 annealed 345 130 .
C68700 O61 annealed 345 125 .
C70400 O61 annealed 260 85 .
C70400 H55 light drawn 275 205 .
C70600, C70620 O61 annealed 275 105 .
C70600, C70620 H55 light drawn 310 240 .
C71000 O61 annealed 310 110 .
C71500, C71520: O61 annealed 360 125 .
For wall thicknesses up to 1.2 mm, incl HR50 drawn, stress-relieved 495 345 12
For wall thicknesses over 1.2 mm HR50 drawn, stress-relieved 495 345 15
C72200 O61 annealed 310 110 .
C72200 H55 light drawn 345 310 .
TABLE 4 Expansion Requirements
Expansion of
Temper Designation Tube Outside
Copper or Copper Diameter in
Alloy UNS No. Percent Of
Original Outside
Code Name
Diameter
O61 annealed C19200 30
C23000 20
C44300, C44400, C44500 20
C60800 20
C68700 20
C70400 30
C70600, C70620 30
C71000 30
C71500, C71520 30
C72200 30
H55 light-drawn C10200, C10300, C10800,
C12000, C12200 20
C14200 20
C19200 20
C70400 20
C70600, C70620 20
C72200 20
HR50 drawn, stress C71500, C71520 20
relieved
10.2.1 When specified in the contract or purchase order, the flattening test in accordance with Test Method B968/B968M shall
be performed.
10.2.2 During inspection, the flattened areas of the test specimen shall be free of defects, but blemishes of a nature that do not
interfere with the intended application are acceptable.
10.3 Residual Stress Test:
10.3.1 Product manufactured from Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C23000, C44300, C44400, C44500, C60800 and C68700 shall be
tested for residual stress according to the requirements of Test Method B154 or Test Method B858 and show no signs of cracking.
Warning—Mercury is a definite health hazard. With the Mercurous Nitrate Test, equipment for the detection and removal of
mercury vapor produced in volatilization, and the use of protective gloves is recommended.
10.3.2 When the Ammonia Vapor Test is used, the test pH value appropriate for the intended application shall be 10 unless
otherwise specified by the purchaser.
10.3.3 Residual stress test specimens shall be from both the U-bend and straight leg length and tested without bending,
springing, polishing, or any other preparation, except as allowed by the test method.
NOTE 3—A residual stress test provides information about the adequacy of the stress relief of the material. Stress relief annealing is a method of thermal
stress relief. There is no standard test method to evaluate the effectiveness of a relief-anneal (HR) of the U-bend section of copper-nickel or
B395/B395M − 18
copper-nickel-iron tubes with respect to stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility.
11. Other Requirements
11.1 Nondestructive Examination for Defects:
11.1.1 Each tube, prior to bending, shall be subjected to the eddy-current test.
11.1.2 Tubes may be tested in the final drawn, annealed, or heat-treated temper or in the drawn temper prior to the final anneal
or heat treatment at the option of the manufacturer.
11.1.3 Testing shall follow the procedures of Practice E243.
11.1.4 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer, or supplier, and the purchaser, the manufacturer shall have the
option of calibrating the test equipment using either notch-depth or drilled-hole standards. If agreement cannot be reached,
notch-depth standard shall be utilized.
11.1.5 The depth of the round-bottom transverse notches and the diameters of the drilled holes in the calibrating tube used to
adjust the sensitivity of the test unit are shown in Table 5 and Table 7 for the material specified in the inch-pound system and Table
6 and Table 8 for material specified in the SI system.
11.1.6 Tubes that do not actuate the signaling device of the eddy-current tester shall be considered as conforming to the
requirements of this test.
11.1.7 Tubes causing irrelevant signals because of moisture, soil, and minor mechanical damage may be reconditioned and
retested.
11.1.8 Such tubes, when retested to the original test parameters, shall be considered to conform if they do not cause output
signals beyond the acceptable limits.
11.1.9 Tubes causing irrelevant signals because of visible and identifiable handling marks shall be considered in conformance
if the tube dimensions are within the prescribed limits and if the tubes conform to the leak test requirements of 11.2.2 or 11.2.3,
unless otherwise agreed to by the manufacturer and purchaser.
11.2 Each U-bend tube shall be tested to the requirements of either 11.2.2 or 11.2.3.
11.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the manufacturer shall have the option of the leak test to be used.
11.2.2 Hydrostatic Test—Each tube shall withstand an internal hydrostatic-pressure sufficient to subject the material to a fiber
stress of 7000 psi [48 MPa] without evidence of leakage. The tube need not be tested at a hydrostatic pressure of over a gage
pressure of 1000 psi [6.9 MPa], unless so specified. The stress shall be determined by the following equation for thin hollow
cylinders under tension:
P 5 2St/~D 2 0.8t! (1)
where:
P = hydrostatic pressure, psi [MPa],
t = thickness of tube wall, in. [mm],
D = outside diameter of the tube, in. [mm], and
S = allowable stress of the material, psi [MPa].
11.2.3 Pneumatic Test—Each tube shall be subjected to an internal air gage pressure of 60 psi [400 kPa], minimum. The product
shall maintain pressure and show no evidence of leakage for 5 s. The test method used shall permit visual detection of any leakage,
such as by having the tube under water or by the pressure differential method. Any evidence of leakage shall be cause for rejection.
12. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
12.1 Tube Diameter—The outside diameter of the straight leg portion of the tube, exclusive of the central heavy gage portion,
shall not vary from that specified by more than the amounts shown in Table 9 for product specified in the inch-pound system or
Table 10 for product specified in the SI system as measured by “go” and “no-go” ring gages.
12.2 Thickness:
12.2.1 Tubes Ordered to Minimum Wall—Prior to bending, the wall thickness of the single-gage tubes at the thinnest point shall
not be less than the thickness specified. The maximum plus deviation from the specified wall at any point shall not exceed twice
the value shown in Table 11 for product specified in the inch-pound system or Table 12 for product specified in the SI system.
TABLE 5 Notch Depth
Tube Outside Diameter, in.
1 3 1
Tube Wall Thickness, in. Over ⁄4 to Over ⁄4 to Over 1 ⁄4 to
3 1
⁄4, incl 1 ⁄4, incl 2, i
...