ASTM E2099-23

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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Designation: E2099 − 00 (Reapproved 2014) E2099 − 23
Standard Practice for
the Specification and Evaluation of Pre-Construction
Laboratory Mockups of Exterior Wall Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2099; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Units statement was inserted in Section 1.6, units information was corrected, and editorial changes were made
throughout in June 2014.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This standard practice covers procedures and documentation to assist in the specification and evaluation of pre-construction
laboratory mockups of exterior wall systems.
1.2 This standard practice addresses design and construction of the mockup;mockup, observation during mockup construction and
testing;testing, evaluation of the mockup test results;results, and documentation of the mockup and testing process. Coordination
is required between the parties involved in the design, construction, and testing of the mockup to facilitate this process.
Documentation should convey the results of pre-construction mockups from one party to others at appropriate stages in the process.
1.3 This standard practice recommends the selection and order of individual tests performed on the mockup in the absence of a
specific test order.
1.4 This standard practice recommends a protocol for exchange of information between participants in the pre-construction
mockup process.
1.5 Responsibility for specific activities is recommended by this practice. This practice is intended to provide a default structure
in the absence of the assignment of specific responsibilities by the specifying authority.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.55 on Performance
of Building Enclosures.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014April 15, 2023. Published June 2014May 2023. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20072014 as
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E2099 – 00 (2014) (2007). DOI: 10.1520/E2099-00R14E01. DOI: 10.1520/E2099-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2099 − 23
E283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under
Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
E330/E330M Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform
Static Air Pressure Difference
E331 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air
Pressure Difference
E547 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic Static Air Pressure
Difference
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E1233/E1233M Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic
Air Pressure Differential
2.2 AAMA AAMA, Fenestration and Glazing Industry Alliance (FGIA) Standards:
AAMA 501,501 Methods of Test for Exterior Walls
AAMA 501.1,501.1 Standard Test Method for Exterior Water Penetration of Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors for Water
Penetration using Using Dynamic Pressure
AAMA 501.4,501.4 Recommended Static Test Method for Evaluating Curtain Wall and Storefront Systems Subjected to Seismic
and Wind Induced Interstory Wind-Induced Inter-Story Drifts
AAMA 501.5, 501.5 Test Method for Thermal Cycling of Exterior Walls
AAMA 501.7 Recommended Static Test Method for Evaluating Windows, Window Wall, Curtain Wall and Storefront Systems
Subjected to Vertical Inter-Story Movements
AAMA CW-DG-1, 501.9 Testing of Aluminum Curtain Walls,Surface Temperature Assessment for Condensation Curtain Wall
Design Guide ManualEvaluation of Exterior Wall Systems
AAMA CWM-19 Curtain Wall Manual
2.3 ASCE/SEI Standard:
ASCE/SEI 7 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology E631, unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 builder—the builder of the mockup and the exterior wall system.
3.2.2 elastic design displacement—the lateral displacements, as provided by the building engineer of record, determined by elastic
analysis or other suitable method, after which serviceability of the envelope is to be maintained. If unspecified, elastic design
displacement for testing shall be as specified in Section 7.0 of AAMA 501.4.
3.2.3 inelastic seismic design displacement, Dp—the lateral displacements, as provided by the building engineer of record,
determined by elastic analysis and amplified by Cd/Ie (ASCE/SEI 7) but not exceeding the allowable story drift, ∆a (ASCE/SEI
7).
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
If using a performance-based design, the maximum inelastic drift may be larger than the allowable story drift.
3.2.4 pre-construction mockup—a full-size representation of the proposed exterior wall system built before the exterior wall design
is completed in order to study proposed construction details, test for performance and possibly judge appearance of the exterior
wall system.
3.2.5 specifier—the architect or professional design party responsible for the design of the exterior wall system.
3.2.6 test agency—the selected agency to conduct the required tests.
Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA), 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268, http://
www.aamanet.org.the Fenestration and Glazing Industry Alliance (FGIA), 1900 E Golf Rd, Suite 1250 Schaumburg, IL 60173, http://www.fgiaonline.org.
Available from American Society of Civil Engineers, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Virginia, 20191-4382, http://www.asce.org
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4. Significance and Use
4.1 Exterior wall systems require time to design, fabricate, construct and test. Mockups are generally a fullsizefull-size
representative portion of the proposed exterior wall system built to study proposed construction details, test for performance and
may be used to performance, and in some cases judge appearance of the exterior wall system. The project schedule shall allow
time to design, construct, and test the pre-construction mockup and to implement any design changes, fabrication changes, or
modifications of planned construction procedures, before construction of the exterior wall system commences.
4.2 Performance testing of pre-construction mockups veritiesverifies compliance with specified standards and design criteria.
Performance tests in separate ASTM or other industry standards, are intended to represent the effects of environmental conditions,
such as wind, rain, and temperature extremes. The tests provide a measure of the performance of the proposed exterior wall system
under specific and controlled conditions. The specified design and specification of the pre-construction mockup must be
appropriate for the performance test requirements. Separate tests may be required for individual mockup materials or components.
4.3 Pre-construction mockup specimens require input from Specifier, Builder, and Test Agency. Coordination of their efforts
facilitates this process. Documentation should convey the results of preconstruction mockups from one party to others at
appropriate stages in the process.
4.4 The referenced standards provided in this practice identify the historical standards typically utilized in pre-construction
performance testing. This practice allows for the development and use of other project specific test procedures for various
components that encompass exterior wall systems.
5. Design
5.1 The Specifier is responsible for the requirements of this section, unless stated otherwise.
5.2 Provide sufficient information on the design documents to describe the materials, details and performance testing requirements
of the mockup.
5.3 Mockup Materials:
5.3.1 All framing and cladding elements of the exterior wall system in accurate full size, orientation, and configuration.
5.3.2 Color and finish of materials, if the appearance of the mockup is to be judged.
5.3.3 Joints between components.
5.3.4 Thermal insulation, if thermal testing is specified.
5.3.5 Structural support and attachment of the exterior wall system to the building frame.
NOTE 1—Tolerances between elements of the exterior wail system and the building support should be considered and tested in a “worst-case” condition
in the mockup.
5.4 Mockup Systems—Elements of the exterior wall system that are designed to control:
5.4.1 Air infiltration.
5.4.2 Water penetration.
5.4.3 Wind pressure.
5.4.4 Movements of wall system due to thermal effects, volumetric changes or building frame movements.
5.4.5 Seismic movements, if the building is in a seismically active region.
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5.5 Mockup Size—The mockup shall be of sufficient size to represent the following typical elements of the exterior wall system
including interior and exterior comers where appropriate. Refer to Section 8 of Test Methods E283, E330/E330M, and E331 for
requirements of the test specimens.
NOTE 2—Confirm the maximum size mockup that the Test Agency can accommodate. In some projects, multiple mockups may be necessary to test all
desired conditions of the project.
5.5.1 Height—Minimum one typical floor height plus an additional height so that typical horizontal conditions are represented. For
exterior wall systems that have multi-floor structural elements or water control systems that occur on alternate floors, the mockup
shall include the height of the minimum number of floors to represent one repetition of the exterior wall design.
NOTE 3—Typical details that occur adjacent to floor level, such as horizontal gutters and anchorage to the building, should not be located immediately
adjacent to the mockup edge, since this creates a “non-job” condition that can lead to misinterpretation of mockup test results.
5.5.2 Width—Minimum two repetitive widths of the exterior wall system plus an additional width so that typical vertical
conditions are represented. Other conditions, such as corners, end conditions and projecting bays shall be included, if practical.
5.6 Mockup Details—Provide the following details in mockup design drawings:
5.6.1 Illustrate the elevation view of the mockup in one of the two following ways:
5.6.1.1 Designate an area of the elevation drawings which represents the materials, height and width of the mockup.
5.6.1.2 Provide a separate mockup elevation drawing that represents the materials, height and width of the mockup. The mockup
need not be an actual representation of one area of the exterior wall system, but instead can combine the parts of the exterior wall
system in a manner that represents typical conditions.
5.6.2 Illustrate the mockup in section and detail views sufficient to describe the details of the mockup construction.
5.7 Mockup Testing Requirements—Specify the following testing requirements:
5.7.1 Test Load—Designate test loads for the mockup based on design wind pressures that are consistent with the corresponding
area of the actual building.
NOTE 4—Mockup design wind pressures are the typical highest wind pressures for the building although not necessarily the highest “hot spot” wind
pressures. Since the longest spans or largest units may not occur in the highest wind pressure zone, the specifier should exercise judgment in coordinating
test specimen size with test loads to arrive at a test plan representative of the project as a whole. Refer to the requirements of Test Method E330/E330M
for specific direction on appropriate wind loads and load factor
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