ASTM D20-99

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 20 – 99
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Distillation of Road Tars
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 20; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the distillation of road tars.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
FIG. 1 Distillation Flask
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A 100-g sample is distilled at a controlled rate from a
Outside diameter of small end, mm 12.5 6 1.5
300-mL flask into tared receivers. The masses of distillate
Outside diameter of large end, mm 28.5 6 3.0
fractions at a series of specified temperatures and of residue at
Length, mm 360 6 4
Length of uniformly tapered part, mm 100 6 5
the maximum specified temperature are determined. If desired,
the residue and distillates may be used for further testing.
5.3 Source of Heat— A heat source consisting of a bunsen
or meker-type burner (Note 1) or an electric heater. The electric
4. Significance and Use
heater shall have an output variable of 750 W and an upper
4.1 The distillation test separates tar into fractions according
refractory with dimensions as shown in Fig. 4. The temperature
to a series of specified temperatures.
of the heater shall be controlled by a variable transformer or
rheostat suitable for the voltage used, and shall be fitted with a
5. Apparatus
clamp for mounting on a vertical support rod.
5.1 Flask—A side-arm distillation flask, as shown in Fig. 1,
NOTE 1—An artificial gas model used with natural gas has been found
conforming to the following dimensions:
to give a uniform and easily controlled source of heat.
Diameter of bulb, outside, mm 86.0 6 1.5
Diameter of neck, inside, mm 22.0 6 1.0 5.4 Flask Shield and Cover for Flame Distillation—A steel
Diameter of side-arm, inside, mm 10.0 6 0.5
shield (preferably stainless) lined with 3-mm Transite board,
Height of flask, outside, mm 131.0 6 1.5
non-asbestos, with two-part cover made from 6-mm Transite
Vertical distance, bottom of bulb, outside, to hori- 93.0 6 1.5
zontal
board of the form and dimensions shown in Fig. 5.
tangent at side-arm, inside, mm
5.5 Flask Shield and Cover for Electric-Heater
Length of side-arm, mm 220 6 5
Distillation—A steel shield (preferably stainless) fitted with
Angle of side-arm, deg 75 6 2
Thickness of side-arm wall, mm 1.0 to 1.5
mica windows, and a cover of the same construction and
dimensions as those for flame distillation (5.4) except for the
5.2 Condenser Tube— A tapered glass condenser, as shown
height of the shield (see Fig. 6).
in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, having the following dimensions:
5.6 Gauze for Flame Distillation—Two sheets of 1.0-mm
opening wire gauze made of 0.56-mm diameter nickel-
chromium wire measuring a minimum of 125 mm in diameter
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road and or (125 by 125-mm) square.
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.43 on
5.7 Burner Chimney for Flame Distillation—Construct a
Specifications and Tests for Tar and Tar Products.
cylindrical metal shield approximately 100 mm high, 95 to 105
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Originally
e1
published as D 20 – 11 T. Last previous edition D 20 – 91 .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
The Precision Ful-Kontrol 750-W heater with built-in variable transformer
control, available from Precision Scientific Co., Chicago, IL, has been found
satisfactory. This heater is only available for 115 V. 50/60 Hz.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D20
FIG. 2 Apparatus Assembly for Flame Distillation
mm in diameter, and having a peephole 25 mm in diameter ately before removing the portion for testing, to ensure that
centered about 32 mm below the ring support. The top of the such portion will be representative of the sample. If warming is
shield shall be flanged to permit its being suspended from the necessary, take care to avoid loss of volatile material.
ring support.
7. Preparation of Apparatus
5.8 Receivers—Erlenmeyer flasks or beakers having a
7.1 Assemble the apparatus as follows (see Fig. 2 and Fig.
nominal capacity of 50 to 125 mL, and tared to the nearest 0.1
3):
g.
7.1.1 Suspend the burner chimney by its flange from the
5.9 Balance and Masses, accurate to 0.1 g.
support ring, place the specified two sheets of flat wire gauze
5.10 Thermometer— An ASTM High Distillation Ther-
on the burner chimney, and place the flask shield on the upper
mometer having a range from − 2 to + 400°C and conforming
sheet of gauze. In case the electric heater is used, attach the
to the requirements for Thermometer 8C as prescribed in
heater to a vertical support so that at the end of the distillation
Specification E 1.
it can be lowered at least 150 mm. Place the upper refractory
6. Preparation of Sample
on the heater with the larger opening facing upwards. Set the
6.1 Thoroughly stir or otherwise mix the sample immedi- flask shield on the upper refractory.
FIG. 3 Apparatus Assembly for Electric Heater Distillation
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D20
FIG. 4 Upper Part of Electric Heater
7.1.2 Inset the thermometer through a new and rolled select 8. Procedure
quality regular-length cork of suitable size. Position the ther-
8.1 Weigh the flask (along with the thermometer and cork)
mometer and cork in the neck of the flask so that the cork fits
to the nearest 0.1 g and then weigh 100.0 6 0.1 g of the sample
tightly and the bottom of the cork is from 23 to 28 mm above
into the flask.
the lowest point of the junction between the side-arm and the
8.2 Apply heat to the flask so that the first drop of distillate
neck of the flask. Then adjust the thermometer in the cork so
(oil or water) falls from the end of the condenser tube in 5 to
that the top of the bulb is level with the lowest point of the
15 min. Within 2 min after the first drop, adjust the rate of
juncture between the side-arm and the neck of the flask. Align
distillation, and subsequently maintain the rate, so that from 50
the stem of the thermometer on the axis of the bulb through the
to 70 drops per min fall from the end of the condenser. Warm
neck of the flask.
the condenser tube whenever necessary to pre
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