ASTM F3632-23

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3632 − 23
Standard Practice for
Close Tolerance Pipe Slurrification (CTPS) Method to
Replace, Rehabilitate, and Repair Existing Buried Asbestos
Cement (AC) Pipe Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3632; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice covers the requirements and test methods
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
of an EPA-approved alternative work practice (AWP) for the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
replacing of an Asbestos Cement (AC) pipe by the Close
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Tolerance Pipe Slurrification Method in accordance with said
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
EPA CTPS AWP issued on June 10, 2019. This process utilizes
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
a patented method (US 10,557,587 B2) and other specially
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
designed tools designed to work with the EPA regulations
surrounding AC pipe work. Specifically, the special (patented)
2. Referenced Documents
back reaming tool (US 8,365,841 B2) delivers the required
bentonite-based fluid to maintain a wet cutting environment
2.1 ASTM Standards:
which is an important requirement for cutting Asbestos Cement
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
Material (ACM). The sizing of the cutting head is set at 0.25 in.
tics
in diameter greater than the replacement pipe’s outside diam-
D2657 Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyolefin Pipe
eter to facilitate the removal of the ACM. This close tolerance
and Fittings
sizing creates a scenario where the new pipe, along with the
D3035 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-
injection of the drill fluid, will allow the slurry to flow and
PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter
subsequently expel at pre-determined pit locations. The slurry
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
containing the ACM is then removed from the site and properly
F1417 Practice for Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-
disposed of. Any remaining trace amounts of asbestos fiber in
pressure Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air
the ground are encapsulated in a skim coat of the slurry
F2164 Practice for Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE)
remaining around the new pipe, the skim coat having the
and Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pressure Piping
consistency of a lightweight concrete material commonly
Systems Using Hydrostatic Pressure
known as excavatable flowable fill.
F2620 Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded and Fittings
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
2.2 AWWA Standards:
this standard.
AWWA C605 Underground Installation of Polyvinyl Chlo-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the ride (PVC) and Molecularly Oriented Polyvinyl Chloride
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(PVCO) Pressure Pipe and Fittings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- AWWA C900 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and
Fabricated Fittings, 4 In. Through 60 In. (100 mm
Through 1,500 mm)
AWWA C906 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Fittings,
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on
4IN. Through 65 IN. (100 MM Through 1,650 MM), for
Technology and Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee F36.20 on Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.
Waterworks
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published July 2023. DOI: 10.1520/
AWWA Manual of Practice M23 PVC Pipe – PVC Pipe -
F3632-23.
2 Design and Installation
The methods (created by Dimitroff, Ted R.) US 10,557,587 B2 and US
8,365,841 B2 are covered by a patent. Interested parties are invited to submit
2.3 Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI):
information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to this patented item to
Plastic Pipe Institute’s Handbook of PE Pipe Design of PE
the ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consid-
eration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. Piping Systems
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3632 − 23
2.4 Environmental Protection Agency: effects, such as reproductive effects or birth defects, or adverse
EPA Notice of Final Approval Alternative Work Practice environmental effects.
Standard for Asbestos Cement Pipe Replacement – EPA-
3.2.9 regulated area, n—an area established by the contrac-
HQ-OAR-2017-0427 : FRL-9994-29-OAR
tor where Class II asbestos work is being conducted, along
40 CFR 61.145 Standard for demolition and renovation
with any adjoining area where debris and waste accumulates.
40 CFR 61.150 Standard for waste disposal for
The requirements of a regulated area are: (1) It is clearly
manufacturing, fabricating, demolition, renovation, and
marked to minimize the number of persons therein while
spraying operations
protecting persons outside the area; (2) access is limited to
40 CFR 61.154 Standard for active waste disposal sites
authorized personnel only; (3) eating, drinking, smoking,
40 CFR 61.155 Standard for operations that convert
chewing, and the application of cosmetics are prohibited in this
asbestos-containing material into nonasbestos (asbestos-
area; and (4) a competent person must supervise the work
free) material
within the regulated area.
2.5 OSHA Standards:
3.2.10 skim coat, n—the portion of the waste slurry that
29 CFR 1926.1101 Asbestos
remains on the exterior of the new pipe.
3. Terminology
3.2.11 slurry, n—the mixture composed of the drilling fluid,
AC pipe, and soil.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Unless otherwise indicated, definitions are in accor-
4. Summary of Practice
dance with Terminology F412, and abbreviations are in accor-
dance with Terminology D1600.
4.1 Close Tolerance Pipe Slurrification is a trenchless
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
method used to remove and replace an existing AC pipeline
3.2.1 ACM, n—Asbestos Containing Material: any material
with a minimum amount of excavation. The CTPS method
containing more than 1 % asbestos
removes the existing AC pipe by pulling a rotating cutting head
through the existing pipe while simultaneously injecting a
3.2.2 AC Pipe, n—Asbestos Cement Pipe
bentonite-based lubricating fluid. The cutting head rotates at a
3.2.3 ACPRP, n—Asbestos Cement Pipe Replacement Proj-
sufficient speed to grind the existing pipe and surrounding soil,
ect
combining it with the bentonite-based lubricating fluid into a
3.2.4 competent person, n—one who is capable of identify-
slurry. The accumulating slurry mixed with the ground up AC
ing existing asbestos hazards in the workplace, is capable of
pipe is pushed down the existing pipe by the advancing
selecting the appropriate control strategy, and has the authority
replacement pipe and taken (vacuumed) out of the existing AC
to take prompt corrective measures. Personnel must be trained
pipe through a series of vertical holes between the ground
to meet the criteria of the EPA Model Accreditation Plan for
surface and the existing pipe at planned intervals or at the
contractors/Supervisor/Workers for Class II work.
receiving pit. After completion of the CTPS process, the
3.2.5 drill fluid, n—a bentonite-based lubricating fluid for
existing pipe will have been removed, the new pipe installed
the pipe reaming process that is pumped through the drilling
through the subsequent tight-fitting void, and the slurry con-
stem/rod to create a wet cutting environment.
taining the existing pipe fragments, soil, and bentonite fluid
safely removed from the ground and properly disposed of at a
3.2.6 friable asbestos material, n—any material containing
landfill certified to receive ACM.
more than 1 % asbestos (ACM) that, when dry, can be
crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure.
5. Significance and Use
3.2.7 Negative Exposure Assessment (NEA), n—a demon-
5.1 This practice is for use by engineers, regulatory
stration by an employer that an employee’s exposure during an
agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who are in-
operation is expected to be consistently below the Permissible
volved in the removal and replacement of AC pipes through the
Exposure Limit (PEL) and the Excursion Limit (EL). If the
use of a method that is in compliance with the rules for
employer can demonstrate that employee exposures are below
removing and replacing AC pipe in accordance with NESHAP
the PEL and EL by any of the following means, this is deemed
and OSHA requirements governing the handling, removal, and
a NEA.
disposal of any ACM.
3.2.7.1 Objective data,
3.2.7.2 Personal air sampling results collected from the
6. Materials
previous 12 months,
3.2.7.3 Initial monitoring of the current project, 6.1 Pipe:
3.2.7.4 A Negative Exposure Assessment has been made, or 6.1.1 The pipe material used in the CTPS process shall
3.2.7.5 All employees in a regulated area are wearing conform to the requirements of Specification D3035 (or
supplied air respirators operated in the pressure demand mode, AWWA C906) for HDPE pipe, or AWWA C900 for PVC pipe.
or other positive pressure mode respirator. 6.1.2 The required wall thickness and hydrostatic design
3.2.8 NESHAP, n—National Emission Standards for Haz- stress rating for HDPE piping shall be as determined by
ardous Pollutants are stationary source standards for hazardous engineering design for the subject application using Chapter 6
air pollutants. Hazardous air pollutants are those pollutants that – Design of PE Piping Systems in the Plastic Pipe Institute’s
are known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health Handbook of PE Pipe. The required wall thickness and
F3632 − 23
hydrostatic design basis for the PVC piping shall be deter- the slurry mixture into a fine enough material to be removed by
mined by the engineering design for the subject application vacuum excavation from the service excavations and vertical
using the AWWA Manual of Practice M23, PVC Pipe—Design slurry removal holes or shafts.
and Installation. 7.1.6 The location of the insertion pits and number of
6.1.3 Working Pressure—For pressure pipe applications, the
vertical slurry removal access shafts shall be such as to
minimum working pressure for the design shall be the maxi- minimize the total number while assuring that no significant
mum average operating pressure, or MAOP, in accordance with
pressure will be developed in the advancing slurry in the
the owner’s operations documentation. existing pipe being replaced, and that the footage of pipe
6.1.4 The inside diameter shall be equivalent to the existing
installed in a single run is maximized. Use excavations at point
pipe, or the new pipe size required to be used to comply with repair locations and service connections for insertion pits
the EPA’s CTPS AWP. where possible.
6.1.5 The new pipe shall contain no recycled compound 7.1.7 Excavate entry and exit pits or vertical shafts to access
except that generated in the manufacturer’s own plant from
the interior of the existing AC pipe. Hand excavate and remove
resin of the same specification from the same raw material. AC pipe sections without creating any visible emissions of
6.1.6 The color of the pipe shall be coded based on the
asbestos fibers. No dry cutting or grinding will be allowed. Bag
product to be carried by the new pipe.
and remove ACM in compliance with NESHAP requirements.
Location of pits shall minimize quantity of pits and disruption
6.2 Pipe Joining and Fittings:
to the public.
6.2.1 Pipe joining of the new pipe shall be by butt fusion
7.1.8 Drill stem shall be pushed through existing pipe from
welding to provide for a leak-proof joint. Threaded or solvent
one pit to another where the guide head, reamer, and new
cement joints and connections are not permitted.
product pipe shall be inserted.
6.2.2 Pipe Joining:
7.1.9 Drill fluid shall be pumped through drill stem and
6.2.2.1 HDPE pipe and fittings shall be joined by the heat
released in such a manner that would lubricate the pipe, collect
fusion joining practice in Practice F2620.
AC pipe debris, suppress AC dust, and collect AC fibers. No
6.2.2.2 PVC pipe and fittings shall be joined by the heat
visible emissions will be allowed.
fusion joining practice in Practice D2657.
7.1.10 Reamer shall be sized no more than 0.25 in. in
6.2.2.3 Terminal sections of pipe that are joined within the
diameter greater than the outside diameter of the of the new
insertion pit shall be connected with a mechanical joint fitting,
pipe being installed so that the majority of the drill slurry
a mechanical joint adapter, or both.
(containing soil, AC pipe debris, and AC fibers) will be forced
into pit excavations, service excavations, and relief holes.
7. CTPS Process Requirements
7.1.11 The pipe pulling cap shall be sized to match the
7.1 General:
diameter of the reamer.
7.1.1 The contractor must handle all sections of the AC pipe
7.1.12 The slurry shall be removed from the pit, relief holes,
in accordance with 40 CFR 61.145 and 40 CFR 61.150 of the
and service excavations and disposed of in a manner that is
Asbestos NESHAP.
compliant with NESHAP requirements for ACM.
7.1.2 The contractor must avoid to the extent feasible
7.1.13 ACM shall be disposed of at a landfill approved to
crumbling, pulverizing, or reducing to powder the AC pipe
receive ACM by the county, state, and federal environmental
during the excavation of the vertical access or slurry relief
agencies.
points.
7.2 Lubrication:
7.1.3 Appropriate measures must be taken to prevent the
slurry from coming into direct contact with the surrounding 7.2.1 The drilling fluid used for the pipe Slurrification
process is the responsibility of the contractor who shall follow
soils of the terminal ends access and intermediate vertical
the drilling fluid recipe guidance given on p. 19 in the
access (slurry removal) holes. In accordance with EPA
Guidelines for Replacing Asbestos Cement Pipe by Close
recommendations, this can be accomplished by using plastic
Tolerance Slurrification (06/11/2021) developed by the CTPS
sheathing or other type of impermeable barrier material placed
process patent holder regarding the Bentonite-based fluid
on the walls of the vertical access (slurry removal) holes and
mixture with adjustments as needed for the groundwater
the bottom and sides of the terminal access holes to prevent the
c
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