ASTM D1677-17(2024)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1677 − 17 (Reapproved 2024)
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Untreated Mica Paper Used for
Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1677; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
testing untreated mica paper to be used as an electrical D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
insulator or as a constituent of a composite material used for Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
electrical insulating purposes. at Commercial Power Frequencies
2 D202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
ASTM
D374/D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electri-
Method
Procedures Sections References cal Insulation
Apparent Density 12 .
D644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and
Aqueous Extract Conductivity 32 and 33 D202
Paperboard by Oven Drying (Withdrawn 2010)
Conditioning 4 D685
Dielectric Strength 16 – 19 D149 D646 Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Paper and
Impregnation Time 20 – 24 D202
Paperboard of Aramid Papers (Basis Weight) (Withdrawn
Moisture Content 26 – 28 D644
2022)
Roll Quality 25 .
Sampling 3 .
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
Tensile Strength 13 – 15 D828
for Testing
Thickness 6 – 10 D374/D374M
D828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and
Weight 11 D646
Weight Variability 29 – 31 . Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard.
3. Sampling
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Sample in accordance with the requirements set forth in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Test Methods D202.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.2 Make the tests for physical properties on each sample
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. insofar as the specimens are of sufficient width.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.3 Untreated mica papers are, in general, quite fragile and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
friable. At all times during the operations of sampling,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
conditioning, specimen preparation, and testing, great care
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
must be taken to prevent flexing and tearing, and to minimize
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
abrasion of particles from the surfaces. The test values are
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
significantly and adversely affected if these precautions are not
taken.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1677 – 17. DOI:
the ASTM website.
10.1520/D1677-17R24.
2 4
The test methods for other properties will be added in accordance with standard The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
ASTM procedures as their need becomes generally desirable. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1677 − 17 (2024)
4. Conditioning WEIGHT
4.1 Condition samples in accordance with Practice D685,
11. Procedure
except that samples shall remain in the conditioned air for not
11.1 Determine the weight in accordance with Test Method
less than 16 h prior to the tests.
D646, except sample the material in accordance with Section 3,
4.2 The following physical tests shall be made in the
condition as prescribed in Section 4, and test under the same
conditioned atmosphere: thickness, weight, tensile strength,
conditions. Report the results as weight in grams per square
dielectric strength, and impregnation.
metre.
5. Precision and Bias
APPARENT DENSITY
5.1 Due to the range of types and grades, and nonuniform
12. Procedure
nature of commercially available mica papers, no statement
can be made about the precision of these test methods when
12.1 Determine the apparent density from the thickness
used on these materials. Neither can a statement about bias be
(Sections 8 – 10), and the weight (Section 11). Make the
made because of the unavailability of standard reference
thickness and weight determinations on the same sample.
materials. Nevertheless, these test methods serve to distinguish
Calculate the apparent density as follows:
basic, relative differences in properties, and variations in
D 5 A/B (1)
quality among mica papers used in electrical insulation.
where:
THICKNESS AND THICKNESS VARIATION
A = basis weight, kg/m ,
B = thickness, μm, and
6. Terminology Definition
D = apparent density, g/cm .
6.1 thickness,n—of an electrical insulating material, the
perpendicular distance between the two surfaces of interest, TENSILE STRENGTH
determined in accordance with a standard method.
13. Significance and Use
7. Significance and Use
13.1 The results of the test are suitable for acceptance and
7.1 Accurate determination of thickness is important for
product control. They are also a means of measuring the ability
identification purposes. Thickness is related to weight and must of mica paper to withstand the tensile stresses encountered in
be known in order to calculate apparent density and the
application processes.
dielectric strength.
14. Procedure
7.2 Thickness variation affects the quality of roll winding
14.1 Determine the tensile strength in accordance with Test
and is useful in judging the uniformity of mica paper particu-
Methods D202, except for specimen width and test span.
larly with respect to dielectric breakdown voltage, impregna-
Sample the material in accordance with Section 3 and condi-
tion time, and thickness of the end product.
tion in accordance with Section 4 and test under the same
8. Test Specimens
conditions. The specimen shall be 1 to 3 in. (25 to 77 mm)
wide. The distance between the jaws shall be 5 in. (127 mm).
8.1 Take test specimens from the original samples obtained
in accordance with Section 3 and conditioned as prescribed in
NOTE 1—If excessive fractures occur in or at the edge of either jaw, use
Section 4, and tested under the same conditions. a cushion of soft kraft paper or other material between the jaws of the
clamps and the specimen.
8.2 For all thicknesses of mica paper, the specimen shall be
a single sheet.
15. Report
15.1 Report the following information:
9. Procedure
15.1.1 The thickness of test specimen, and
9.1 Determine the thickness in accordance with Test Meth-
15.1.2 The average, minimum and maximum tensile
ods D374/D374M. The preferred method shall be Method D
strength in pounds-force per inch of width (or newtons per
with a drop rate of 12 6 4 mil/s and a dwell time of 3 6 1 s
metre of width).
for thickness of 0.002 to 0.006 in. and 6 6 2 s for + 0.006 in.
Method C of Test Methods D374/D374M is an acceptable
DIELECTRIC STRENGTH
alternative.
16. Nomenclature
9.2 Take at least five measurements of thickness at regular
intervals across the entire width of each specimen, preferably 16.1 dielectric strength—Refer to Terminology D1711.
in a line that is at right angles to the machine direction.
17. Significance and Use
10. Report
17.1 For mica paper to be used in the untreated state, this
10.1 Report in accordance with Test Methods D202 and test gives some indication of the e
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