ASTM D5857-00b

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Designation: D 5857 – 00b
Standard Specification for
Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials Using ISO
Protocol and Methodology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This material specification is intended to provide a call out system for polypropylene based on ISO
standards. This callout system is based on test data collected using ISO standards.
This specification is not intended for the determination of performance of materials in the final
application. Selection of these materials is to be made by personnel with expertise in the plastics field
in which the environment, inherent properties of the materials, performance of the parts, part design,
manufacturing process, and economics are considered.
1. Scope * 1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
test methods portion, Section 13, of this specification: This
1.1 This specification covers polypropylene materials suit-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
able for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist of
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
polypropylene homopolymers, polypropylene copolymers, and
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
polypropylene-elastomer compounds produced with or without
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
the addition of impact modifiers (ethylene-propylene rubber,
tions prior to use.
polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber), colorants, stabiliz-
ers, lubricants, or reinforcements.
NOTE 2—This specification is similar to both ISO 1873-1 and ISO
1.2 This specification allows for the use of those polypro- 1873-2, but to different degrees. This specification resembles ISO/DIS
1873-1-1994 in title only. The content is significantly different. This
pylene materials that can be recycled, reconstituted, and
specification and ISO/DIS 1873-2-1994 differ in approach or detail; data
reground, provided that the following conditions are met:
obtained using either are technically equivalent.
1.2.1 The requirements as stated in this specification and
other ISO guidelines pertaining to these types of materials are
2. Referenced Documents
met, and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.2 The material has not been modified in any way to alter
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
its conformance to food contact regulations or similar require-
Insulating Materials for Testing
ments.
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.3 The proportions of recycled, reconstituted, and regrind
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
material used, as well as the nature and the amount of any
Plastics
contaminant, cannot be practically covered in this specifica-
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
tion. It is the responsibility of the supplier and buyer of
D 1972 Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products
recycled, reconstituted, and regrind materials to ensure com-
D 1999 Guide for the Selection of Specimens and Test
pliance.
Parameters from ISO/IEC Standards
NOTE 1—The properties included in this specification are those re-
D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
quired to identify the compositions covered. There may be other require-
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
ments necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specific
rials
applications. These will be designated by using the suffixes given in
D 5033 Guide for the Development of Standards Relating to
Section 4.
the Proper Use of Recycled Plastics
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
standard.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Discontinued. See 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Materials. Discontinued. See 1999 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2000. Published February 2001. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
published as D 5857 – 96. Last previous edition D 5857 – 00a. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5857
Determine Conformance with Specifications ISO 2818 Plastics—Preparation of Test Specimens by Ma-
2.2 ISO Standards: chining
ISO 62 Plastics—Determination of Water Absorption
ISO 3146 Plastics—Determination of Melting Behavior
ISO 75-1 Plastics—Determination of Temperature of De-
(Melting Temperature or Melting Range) of Semi-
flection Under Load, Part 1: General Test Method
Crystalline Polymers
ISO 75-2 Plastics—Determination of Temperature of De-
ISO 3167 Plastics—Preparation and Use of Multipurpose
flection Under Load, Part 2: Plastics and Ebonite
Test Specimens
ISO 105 Textiles—Tests for Color Fastness
ISO 3268 Plastics—Glass-Reinforced Materials—
ISO 178 Plastics—Determination of Flexural Properties of
Determination of Tensile Properties
Rigid Plastics
ISO 3451-1 Plastics—Determination of Ash, Part 1: Gen-
ISO 179 Plastics—Determination of Charpy Impact
eral Methods
Strength of Rigid Materials
ISO 3795 Road Vehicles, and Tractors and Machinery for
ISO 180 Plastics—Determination of Izod Impact Strength
Agriculture and Forestry—Determination of Burning Be-
of Rigid Materials
havior of Interior Materials
ISO 293 Plastics—Compression Moulding Test Specimens
ISO 4577 Plastics—Polypropylene and Propylene-
of Thermoplastic Material
Copolymers—Determination of Thermal Oxidative Sta-
ISO 294 Plastics—Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of
bility in Air—Oven Method
Thermoplastic Material
ISO 4589 Plastics—Determination of Flammability by
ISO 306 Plastics—Thermoplastic Materials—
Oxygen Index
Determination of Vicat Softening Temperature
ISO 4607 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Natural Weath-
ISO 527-1 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties,
ering
Part 1: General Principles
ISO 4892-2 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
ISO 527-2 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties,
Light, Part 2: Xenon Arc Exposure
Part 2: Test Conditions for Molding and Extrusion Plastics
ISO 4892-3 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
ISO 537 Plastics—Testing with Torsional Pendulum
Light, Part 3: Fluorescent UV Lamps
ISO 604 Plastics—Determination of Compressive Proper-
ISO 4892-4 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
ties
Light, Part 4: Filtered Open Flame Carbon Arc Exposure
ISO 868 Plastics and Ebonite—Determination of Indention
ISO 6427 Plastics—Determination of Matter Extractable by
Hardness by Mans of a Durometer (Shore Hardness)
Organic Solvents (Conventional Methods)
ISO 899 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Creep
ISO 974 Plastics—Determination of the Brittleness Tem- ISO 6602 Plastics—Determination of Flexural Creep by
perature by Impact Three-Point Loading
ISO 1133 Plastics—Determination of Melt Flow Rate of
ISO 6603-1 Plastics—Determination of Multiaxial Impact
Thermoplastics
Behavior of Rigid Plastics, Part 1: Falling Dart Method
ISO 1183A Plastics—Methods for Determining the Density
ISO 6603-2 Plastics—Determination of Multiaxial Impact
and Relative Density of Non-Cellular Plastics
Behavior of Rigid Plastics, Part 2: Instrumented Puncture
ISO 1191 Plastics—Polyethylene and Polypropylenes in
Test
Dilute Solutions—Determination of Viscosity Number
ISO 8256 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Impact Prop-
and of Limiting Viscosity Number
erties
ISO 1210 Plastics—Determination of Flammability Charac-
ISO 9113 Plastics—Polypropylene (PP) and Propylene-
teristics of Plastics in the Form of Small Specimens in
Copolymer Thermoplastics—Determination of Isotactic
Contact with a Small Flame
Index
ISO 1628-3 Plastics—Determination of Viscosity Number
ISO 10350 Plastics—Acquisition and Presentation of Com-
and Limiting Viscosity Number, Part 3: Polyethylene and
parable Single-Point Data
Polypropylene Resins
ISO 11403-1 Plastics—Acquisition and Presentation of
ISO 1873-1 Plastics—Propylene and Propylene-Copolymer
Comparable Multi-Point Data, Part 1: Mechanical Prop-
Thermoplastics, Part 1: Designation
erties
ISO 1873-2 Plastics—Polypropylene (PP) and Propylene-
2.3 IEC Standards:
Copolymer Thermoplastics, Part 2: Preparation of Test
IEC 93 Recommended Methods of Test for Volume and
Specimens and Determination of Properties
Surface Resistivities of Electrical Insulation Materials
ISO 2039-1 Plastics—Determination of Hardness, Part 1:
IEC 112 Recommended Method for Determining the Com-
Ball Indention Method
parative Tracking Index of Solid Insulation Materials
ISO 2039-2 Plastics—Determination of Hardness, Part 2:
Under Moist Conditions
Rockwell Hardness
IEC 243-1 Recommended Methods of Test for Electric
Strength of Solid Insulating Materials at Power Frequen-
cies
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
8 IEC 250 Recommended Methods for the Determination of
Available through American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. the Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Factor of
D 5857
Electrical Insulation Materials at Power, Audio, and Radio two or more separate phases.
Frequencies Including Metre Wavelengths 3.2.11.1 Discussion—The phases consist of a polypropylene
IEC 296 Specification for Unused Mineral Insulating Oils homopolymer (PP-H) or a polypropylene random copolymer
for Transformers and Switchgear (PP-R) matrix containing a dispersed olefinic elastomer having
2.4 SAE Standards: no other functional group, added in situ or physically blended
SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement for into the polypropylene matrix.
Exterior Finishes, Textiles and Color Trim 3.2.12 polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H)—a propylene
SAE J1885 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior plastic prepared by the polymerization of propylene only.
Materials Using Controlled Irradiance Water Cooled 3.2.13 polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R)—a propy-
Xenon-Arc Apparatus lene plastic containing another olefinic monomer (or mono-
SAE J1960 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior mers) having no functional group other than the olefinic group
Materials Using Controlled Irradiance Water Cooled copolymerized with propylene.
Xenon-Arc Apparatus 3.2.13.1 Discussion—Polypropylene random copolymers
SAE J2019 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior containing more than one additional monomer are often called
Materials Using Controlled Irradiance Air Cooled Xenon terpolymers.
Arc Apparatus
4. Classification
SAE J2212 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior
4.1 Unreinforced polypropylene materials are classified into
Materials Using Controlled Irradiance Air Cooled Xenon
groups according to basic composition. These groups are
Arc Apparatus
subdivided into classes and grades, as shown in Table PP.
3. Terminology
NOTE 3—An example of this classification system is as follows. The
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms and abbreviations ap-
designation PP0113 would indicate: PP = polypropylene, as found in
plying to this specification appear in Terminologies D 883 and Terminology D 1600, 01 (group) = homopolymer, 1 (class) = general
purpose, and 3 (grade) = with requirements given in Table PP.
D 1600 and Guide D 5033.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.1.1 To facilitate the incorporation of future or special
3.2.1 back pressure, n—the constant pressure that is applied
materials not covered by Table PP, the other/unspecified
to the end of the screw while the screw is rotating and
category (0) for group, class, and grade is indicated on the table
retracting to prepare for the next injection.
with the basic properties to be obtained from Tables A or B, as
3.2.2 cooling time, n—the time during which the material is
they apply (see 4.3).
in the closed mold with no pressure applied.
4.1.2 The values in Table PP are based on testing that was
3.2.3 cycle time, n—the time required to complete a full
conducted 40 to 96 h after the specimens arrived in the
injection molding cycle, including injection time, cooling time,
standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2°C and 50 6 5%
and mold open time.
relative humidity.
3.2.4 injection pressure, n—the constant pressure that is
4.2 Reinforced versions of the polypropylene materials are
applied to the end of the screw, causing the melted material to
classified in accordance with Tables PP and B. Tables PP and
fill the mold.
B specify the properties of the unreinforced material, and Table
3.2.4.1 Discussion—The injection pressure along with the
A specifies the properties after the addition of reinforcements,
injection speed determines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.
pigments, fillers, or lubricants, at the nominal level indicated
3.2.5 injection time, n—the time during which a constant
(see 4.2.1).
specified pressure is applied to the melted material.
4.2.1 Reinforcements and Additive Materials—A symbol
3.2.6 injection velocity, n—the average velocity of the melt
(single letter) shall be used for the major reinforcement or
as it passes through the cross-sectional area of a cavity of a
combinations thereof (see Table 1), along with two numbers
single- or multi-cavity mold at the position that forms the
that indicate the nominal percentage of addition by mass (see
critical portion of the test specimen.
Table 2).
3.2.7 melt temperature, n—the temperature of the material
NOTE 4—This part of the system uses the type and percentage of
as it is being injected into the mold, measured by a pyrometer.
additive to designate modification of the base material. To facilitate this
3.2.8 mold open time, n—the time beginning when the mold
designation, the type and percentage of additive may be shown on the
is opened and ending when the mold is closed.
supplier’s technical data sheet, unless it is proprietary in nature. If
3.2.9 mold temperature, n—the temperature of the mold necessary, additional requirements shall be indicated by the use of the
suffix part of the system, as given in Section 4.
during the molding cycle, measured in all mold cavities and on
both platens.
4.2.2 Specific requirements for reinforced, pigmented,
3.2.10 polypropylene (PP)—a propylene plastic prepared by
filled, or lubricated polypropylene materials shall be shown by
the polym
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