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ASTM D6593-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Sequence VG test and has been correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation. It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 9.6.1.2, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A1.
1.4 A Table of Contents follows:
SectionScope1Referenced Documents2ASTM Standards2.1SAE Standards2.2ANSI Standard2.3Terminology3Definitions3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard3.2Summary of Test Method4Significance and Use5Apparatus-General Description6Apparatus-The Test Engine7Sequence VG Test Engine7.1Required New Engine Parts7.2Reusable Engine Parts7.3Specially Fabricated Engine Parts7.4Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment7.5Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation7.6Solvents and Cleaners Required7.7Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations7.8Assembling the Test Engine-Installations7.9Engine Installation on the Test Stand7.10Engine Fluids-Supply/Discharge Systems8Intake Air8.1Fuel and Fuel System8.2Engine Oil and Engine Oil System8.3Coolants8.4Measurement Instrumentation9Temperatures9.1Pressures9.2Flow Rates9.3Fuel Consumption9.4Speed and Load9.5Exhaust Gas9.6Humidity9.7Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment10Test Stand Calibration11Test Procedure12Pre-Test Procedure12.1Engine Operating Procedure12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions12.3Special Maintenance Procedures12.4Diagnostic Data Review12.5End of Test Procedure12.6Interpretation of Test Results13Parts Rating Area-Environment13.1Sludge Ratings13.2Varnish Ratings13.3Clogging13.4Sticking13.5Used Oil Analyses13.6Assessment of Test Validity14General14.1Average Exhaust Gas NO x  Levels14.2Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation14.3Blowby Flow Rate14.4Manifold Absolute Pressure14.5Fuel Consumption Rate14.6Oil Consumption14.7Engine Parts Replacement14.8Quality Index and Deviation Percentage14.9Final Test Report15Report Forms15.1Photographs15.2Precision and Bias16Keywords17ANNEXES Safety PrecautionsAnnex A1Control and Data Acquisition RequirementsAnnex A2Detailed Specifications and Photographs of ApparatusAnnex A3Special Service Tools for the Test EngineAnnex A4Engine Parts Number ListingAnnex A5External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning TechniqueAnnex A6Final Report FormsAnnex A7Typical 4.6L Dipstick CalibrationAnnex A8Critical Part Supplier ListAnnex A9Oil Sampling, Addition and Leveling RecordAnnex A10Rating WorksheetsAnnex A11Fuel Injector Flow MeasurementsAnnex A12APPENDIXESSuggested Engine Measurement SheetsAppendix X1Sources of Materials and InformationAppendix X2Description of Scott Quarterly Gas Audit ServiceAppendix X3

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2001
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.01 - Passenger Car Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6593-02 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002

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ASTM D6593-01 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty ConditionsASTM D6593-01 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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ASTM D6593-01 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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Standards Content (Sample)

An American National Standard
Designation: D 6593 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of
Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion
Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-
1
Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Required New Engine Parts 7.2
Reusable Engine Parts 7.3
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Se-
Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4
2
quence VG test and has been correlated with vehicles used in
Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5
Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6
stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to
Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7
3
sludge and varnish formation. It is one of the test methods
Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8
required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9
Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10
performance category.
Engine Fluids-Supply/Discharge Systems 8
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Intake Air 8.1
standard.
Fuel and Fuel System 8.2
Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Coolants 8.4
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Measurement Instrumentation 9
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Temperatures 9.1
Pressures 9.2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Flow Rates 9.3
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
Fuel Consumption 9.4
statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, Speed and Load 9.5
Exhaust Gas 9.6
9.3.4.5, 9.6.1.2, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A1.
Humidity 9.7
1.4 A Table of Contents follows:
Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10
Test Stand Calibration 11
Section
Test Procedure 12
Scope 1
Pre-Test Procedure 12.1
Referenced Documents 2
Engine Operating Procedure 12.2
ASTM Standards 2.1
Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3
SAE Standards 2.2
Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4
ANSI Standard 2.3
Diagnostic Data Review 12.5
Terminology 3
End of Test Procedure 12.6
Definitions 3.1
Interpretation of Test Results 13
Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard 3.2
Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1
Summary of Test Method 4
Sludge Ratings 13.2
Significance and Use 5
Varnish Ratings 13.3
Apparatus-General Description 6
Clogging 13.4
Apparatus-The Test Engine 7
Sticking 13.5
Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1
Used Oil Analyses 13.6
Assessment of Test Validity 14
General 14.1
Average Exhaust Gas NO Levels 14.2
x
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.3
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Blowby Flow Rate 14.4
D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.5
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2001. Published January 2002. Originally
Fuel Consumption Rate 14.6
published as D 6593 – 00. Last previous edition D 6593 – 00.
Oil Consumption 14.7
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
Engine Parts Replacement 14.8
will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information
Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.9
letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Final Test Report 15
Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates Report Forms 15.1
revisions in all information Letters through No. 01-2. Photographs 15.2
3
Precision and Bias 16
Supporting data are available from ASTM Internationl Headquarters. Research
RR: D02-1472.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 6593
5
D 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
Keywords 17
ANNEXES
D 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by
Safety Precautions Annex A1
5
Potentiometric Titration
Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A2
D 4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of
Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A3
5
Special Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A4
Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
Engine Parts Number Listing Annex A5
D 5059 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-
External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Annex A6
6
Final Report Forms Annex A7 troscopy
Typical 4.6L Dipstick Calibration Annex A8
D 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
Critical Part Supplier List Annex A9
ments, Wea
...

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5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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