ASTM F1743-96(2003)

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An American National Standard
Designation:F1743–96 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Practice for
Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by Pulled-
in-Place Installation of Cured-in-Place Thermosetting Resin
Pipe (CIPP)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1743; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the recon-
struction of pipelines and conduits (4 to 96 in. (10 to 244 cm)
diameter) by the pulled-in-place installation of a resin-
impregnated, flexible fabric tube into an existing conduit and
secondarily inflated through the inversion of a calibration hose
bytheuseofahydrostaticheadorairpressure(seeFig.1).The
resin is cured by circulating hot water or by the introduction of
controlled steam into the tube. When cured, the finished
cured-in-place pipe will be continuous and tight fitting. This
reconstruction process may be used in a variety of gravity and
pressure applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers,
process piping, electrical conduits, and ventilation systems.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
informational purposes only.
NOTE 1—There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject
matter of this practice.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 543 Test Method of Resistance of Plastics to Chemical
Reagents
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
FIG. 1 Cured-in-Place Pipe Installation Methods
D 790 TestMethodsforFlexuralPropertiesofUnreinforced
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
als D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
D 903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe- Plastics
sive Bonds D 1682 Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation of
Textile Fabrics
D 3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17 on Plastic
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on
Trenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Last previous
edition approved in 1996 as F1743–96.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Discontinued: See 1991 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1743–96 (2003)
D 3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of Reinforced a resin-impregnated fabric tube pulled-in-place through an
Thermosetting Resin Pipe (RTRP) and Fittings existing conduit and secondarily inflated through the inversion
D 4814 Specification for Automotive Spark—Ignition En- of a calibration hose. Modifications may be required for
gine Fuel specific job conditions.
D 5813 Specification for Cured-in-Place Thermosetting
Resin Sewer Pipe 5. Recommended Materials and Manufacture
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
5.1 General—Theresins,fabrictube,tubecoatings,orother
F 1216 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and
materials, such as the permanent calibration hose when com-
Conduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-
bined as a composite structure, shall produce CIPP that meets
Impregnated Tube
the requirements of this specification.
2.2 AWWA Standard:
5.2 CIPP Wall Composition—The wall shall consist of a
M28 Manual on Cleaning and Lining Water Mains
plastic coated fabric tube filled with a thermosetting (cross-
2.3 NASSCO Standard:
linked) resin, and if used, a filler.
Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection System
5.2.1 Fabric Tube—The fabric tube should consist of one or
Rehabilitation
more layers of flexible needled felt, or equivalent, woven or
NOTE 2—An ASTM specification for cured-in-place pipe materials
nonwoven material(s), or both, capable of carrying resin,
appropriate for use in this practice is under preparation and will be
withstanding installation pressures, and curing temperatures.
referenced in this practice when published.
The material(s) of construction should be able to stretch to fit
irregular pipe sections and negotiate bends. Longitudinal and
3. Terminology
circumferential joints between multiple layers of fabric should
3.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Terminol-
be staggered so as not to overlap. The outside layer of the
ogy F 412. Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology
fabric tube should have an impermeable flexible coating(s)
D 1600, unless otherwise indicated.
whose function is to contain the resin during and after fabric
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tube impregnation. The outer coating(s) must facilitate moni-
3.2.1 calibration hose—an impermeable bladder which is
toring of resin saturation of the material(s) of construction of
inverted within the resin-impregnated fabric tube by hydro-
the fabric tube. The fabric tube should be fabricated to a size
static head or air pressure and may optionally be removed or
that, when installed, will tightly fit the internal circumference
remain in place as a permanent part of the installed cured-in-
and the length of the original conduit. Allowance should be
place pipe as described in 5.2.2.
made for circumferential and longitudinal stretching of the
3.2.2 cured-in-place pipe (CIPP)—a hollow cylinder con-
fabric tube during installation. As required, the fabric tube
sisting of a fabric tube with cured (cross-linked) thermosetting
should meet minimum tensile strength requirements in the
resin. Interior or exterior plastic coatings, or both, may be
longitudinal and transverse directions as specified in 7.1. All
included.The CIPPis formed within an existing pipe and takes
the material(s) of construction for the fabric tube should be
the shape of and fits tightly to the pipe.
compatible with the resin system used.
3.2.3 delamination—separation of layers of the CIPP.
5.2.2 Calibration Hose:
3.2.4 dry spot—an area of fabric of the finished CIPPwhich
5.2.2.1 Removable Calibration Hose—The removable cali-
is deficient or devoid of resin.
bration hose should consist of an impermeable plastic, or
3.2.5 fabric tube—flexible needled felt, or equivalent, wo-
impermeable plastic coating(s) on flexible woven or nonwoven
ven or nonwoven material(s), or both, formed into a tubular
material(s), or both, that do not absorb resin and are capable of
shape which during the installation process is saturated with
being removed from the CIPP.
resin and holds the resin in place during the installation and
5.2.2.2 Permanent Calibration Hose—The permanent cali-
curing process.
bration hose should consist of an impermeable plastic coating
3.2.6 inversion—the process of turning the calibration hose
on a flexible needled felt or equivalent woven or nonwoven
inside out by the use of water pressure or air pressure.
material(s), or both, that are capable of absorbing resin and are
3.2.7 lift—a portion of the CIPPthat is a departure from the
of a thickness to become fully saturated with resin. The
existing conduit wall forming a section of reverse curvature in
calibration hose should be translucent to facilitate post-
the CIPP.
installation inspection. The calibration hose should be fabri-
cated to a size that, when installed, will tightly fit the internal
4. Significance and Use
circumference and the length of the resin saturated fabric tube.
4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers,
Once inverted, the calibration hose becomes part of the fabric
regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who
tube, and once properly cured, should bond permanently with
are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use of
the fabric tube. The properties of the calibration hose should
meet minimum tensile strength requirements in the longitudi-
nal and transverse directions as specified in 7.1. All the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
material(s) of construction for the calibration hose should be
Available from theAmericanWaterWorksAssociation, 6666W. QuinceyAve.,
compatible with the resin system used.
Denver, CO 80235.
5.2.3 Resin—Achemically resistant isophthalic based poly-
Available from the National Association of Sewer Service Companies, 101
Wymore Rd., Suite 501, Altamonte, FL 32714. ester, or vinyl ester thermoset resin and catalyst system or an
F1743–96 (2003)
epoxy resin and hardener that is compatible with the installa- resin used should be sufficient to fully saturate all the voids of
tion process should be used.The resin should be able to cure in the fabric tube material, as well as all resin-absorbing material
the presence of water and the initiation temperature for cure of the calibration hose at nominal thickness and diameter. The
shouldbelessthan180°F(82.2°C).Thecuredresin/fabrictube volume should be adjusted by adding 3 to 15 % excess resin to
system, with or without the calibration hose, shall be expected allowforthechangeinresinvolumeduetopolymerization,the
to have as a minimum the initial structural properties given in change in resin volume due to thermal expansion or contrac-
Table 1. These physical properties should be determined in tion, and resin migration through the perforations of the fabric
accordance with Section 8. The cured resin/fabric tube system, tube and out onto the host pipe.
with or without the calibration hose, should meet the minimum
6.3 Bypassing—If bypassing of the flow is required around
chemical resistance requirements as specified in 7.2.
the sections of pipe designated for reconstruction, the bypass
should be made by plugging the line at a point upstream of the
6. Installation Recommendations
pipetobereconstructedandpumpingtheflowtoadownstream
6.1 Cleaning and Pre-Inspection:
point or adjacent system.The pump and bypass lines should be
6.1.1 Prior to entering access areas, such as manholes, and
of adequate capacity and size to handle the flow. Services
performing inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation of
within this reach will be temporarily out of service.
theatmospheretodeterminethepresenceoftoxicorflammable
6.3.1 Public advisory services shall notify all parties whose
vapors or lack of oxygen must be undertaken in accordance
service laterals will be out of commission and advise against
with local, state, or federal safety regulations.
water usage until the main line is back in service.
6.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—All internal debris should be
6.4 Installation Methods:
removed from the original pipeline. Gravity pipes should be
6.4.1 Perforation of Resin-Impregnated Tube—Prior to
cleaned with hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocity
pulling the resin-impregnated fabric tube in place, the outer
jetcleaners,ormechanicallypoweredequipmentinaccordance
impermeable plastic coating may optionally be perforated.
with NASSCO Recommended Specifications for Sewer Col-
When the resin-impregnated fabric tube is perforated, this
lection System Rehabilitation. Pressure pipelines should be
shouldallowresintobeforcedthroughtheperforationsandout
cleaned with cable attached devices or fluid propelled devices
againsttheexistingconduitbytheforceofthehydrostatichead
in accordance with AWWA M28.
or air pressure against the inner wall of the calibration hose.
6.1.3 Inspection of Pipelines—Inspection of pipelines
The perforation should be done after fabric tube impregnation
should be performed by experienced personnel trained in
with a perforating roller device at the point of manufacture or
locating breaks, obstacles, and service connections by closed-
at the jobsite. Perforations should be made on both sides of the
circuit television or man entry. The interior of the pipeline
lay-flat fabric tube covering the full circumference with a
should be carefully inspected to determine the location of any
spacing no less than 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) apart. Perforating slits
conditions that may prevent proper installation of the impreg-
should be a minimum of 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) long.
nated tube, such as protruding service taps, collapsed or
6.4.2 Pulling Resin-Impregnated Tube into Position—The
crushedpipe,andreductionsinthecross-sectionalareaofmore
wet-out fabric tube should be pulled into place using a power
than 40 %. These conditions should be noted so that they can
winch. The saturated fabric tube should be pulled through an
be corrected.
existing manhole or other approved access to fully extend to
6.1.4 Line Obstructions—The original pipeline should be
the next designated manhole or termination point. Care should
clear of obstructions such as solids, dropped joints, protruding
be exercised not to damage the tube as a result of friction
service connections, crushed or collapsed pipe, and reductions
during pull-in, especially where curvilinear alignments, multi-
in the cross-sectional area of more than 40 % that may hinder
linear alignments, multiple offsets, protruding services, and
or prevent the installation of the resin-impregnated fabric tube.
other friction-producing host pipe conditions are present. Once
If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be removed by
the fabric tube is in place, it should be attached to a vertical
conventional sewer-cleaning equipment, then a point-repair
standpipe so that the calibration hose can invert into the center
excavationshouldbemadetouncoverandremoveorrepairthe
of the resin-impregnated fabric tube. The vertical standpipe
obstruction.
should be of sufficient height of water head to hold the fabric
6.2 Resin Impregnation—The fabric tube should be totally
tube tight to the existing pipe wall, producing dimples at side
impregnated with resin (wet-out) and run through a set of
connections. A device such as a dynamometer or load cell
rollers separated by a space, calibrated under controlled con-
shouldbeprovidedonthewinchorcabletomonitorthepulling
ditions to ensure proper distribution of resin. The volume of
force. Measure the overall elongation of the fabric tube after
pull-in completion. The acceptable longitudinal elongation
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