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ASTM A898/A898M-07(2012)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Straight Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Structural Shapes

Standard Specification for Straight Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Structural Shapes

ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the procedures and acceptance standards for straight beam, pulse echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled structural shapes. The section surfaces shall be sufficiently clean and smooth to maintain a back reflection from the opposite side of the flanges, legs and webs. Ultrasonic testing shall be made on the major surface of each flange and one major web surface. Evaluation of indications may require inspection from an opposite surface. Two levels of acceptance standards are included. Level II is intended for normal applications where freedom from gross internal discontinuities is desired, particularly in connection regions. Level I is intended for critical applications such as welded chord members used in tension loading.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the procedure and acceptance standards for straight beam, pulse echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled structural shapes having a minimum section thickness of ½ in. [12.5 mm]. It was developed to ensure delivery of steel structural shapes free of gross internal discontinuities such as pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the shapes are to be ultrasonically examined. Two levels of acceptance standards are included. Level II is intended for normal applications where freedom from gross internal discontinuities is desired, particularly in connection regions. Level I is intended for critical applications such as welded chord members used in tension loading, where internal discontinuities could be detrimental. Level II is normally applicable unless otherwise specified in contract documents or the purchase order. Supplementary requirements for alternative scanning coverages are provided.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
29-Feb-2012
ICS
77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.02 - Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings, Rolling Stock and Ships
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A898/A898M-07 - Standard Specification for Straight Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Structural Shapes
Effective Date
01-Mar-2012
Referred By
ASTM A992/A992M-22 - Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes
Effective Date
01-Mar-2012
Referred By
ASTM A913/A913M-19 - Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Shapes of Structural Quality, Produced by Quenching and Self-Tempering Process (QST)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2012

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ASTM A898/A898M-07(2012) - Standard Specification for Straight Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Structural ShapesASTM A898/A898M-07(2012) - Standard Specification for Straight Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Structural Shapes
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ASTM A898/A898M-07(2012) - Standard Specification for Straight Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Structural Shapes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A898/A898M −07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Specification for
Straight Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel
Structural Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA898/A898M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ASNT Standard:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
1.1 This specification covers the procedure and acceptance
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
standards for straight beam, pulse echo, ultrasonic examination
of rolled structural shapes having a minimum section thickness
3. Ordering Information
of ⁄2in.[12.5mm].Itwasdevelopedtoensuredeliveryofsteel
3.1 The inquiry and order should indicate the following:
structural shapes free of gross internal discontinuities such as
3.1.1 Acceptance level requirements will be Level II unless
pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used whenever the
otherwise specified.
inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the shapes
3.1.2 Any additions to the provisions of this specification as
are to be ultrasonically examined. Two levels of acceptance
outlined in 8.3.
standards are included. Level II is intended for normal appli-
3.1.3 Supplementary requirements, if any.
cations where freedom from gross internal discontinuities is
desired, particularly in connection regions. Level I is intended
4. Apparatus
for critical applications such as welded chord members used in
tension loading, where internal discontinuities could be detri-
4.1 The manufacturer shall furnish suitable ultrasonic
mental. Level II is normally applicable unless otherwise
equipment and qualified personnel necessary for performing
specified in contract documents or the purchase order. Supple-
the examination. The equipment shall be straight beam, pulse-
mentary requirements for alternative scanning coverages are
echo and span a nominal test frequency range of 1 to 5 MHz.
provided.
The search unit shall be within the range of ⁄2 in. [12.5 mm] to
1 1
1 ⁄8 in. [30 mm] in diameter or ⁄2 [12.5 mm] to 1 in. [25 mm]
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
square (including the pitch-catch type probe). The test shall be
be regarded separately as standard.Within the text, the SI units
performed by one of the following methods: contact,
are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not
immersion, or liquid column coupling.
exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-
pendentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystems
4.2 Other search units may be used for evaluating and
may result in nonconformance with the specification.
pin-pointing indications.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Personnel Qualification
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Individualsperformingexaminationsinaccordancewith
A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled
this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance
Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
standard is one that covers the qualification and certification of
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates, and that is
acceptable to the purchaser.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, 6. Test Conditions
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6.1 Conduct the examination in an area free of operations
A01.02 on Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings, Rolling Stock and Ships.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally that interfere with proper functioning of equipment and testing
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A898/A898M – 07.
personnel.
DOI: 10.1520/A0898_A0898M-07R12.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
the ASTM website. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A898/A898M−07 (2012)
6.2 The section surfaces shall be sufficiently clean and
smooth to maintain a back reflection from the opposite side of
the flanges, legs, and webs approximately comparable to the
height observed at the scanning gain level obtained in 8.2.
6.3 Thesurfacesoftheshapesinspectedbythismethodmay
be expected to contain a residue of oil or rust or both. Any
specified identification that is removed when grinding as a
result of surface preparation or examination shall be restored.
7. Calibration
7.1 Standards having ⁄4 in. [6 mm] diameter flat bottomed
holes are used for calibration. The metal distance between the
FIG. 1 Scanning Pattern and Coverage
hole bottom and sound entry surface in relation to section
thickness is given in Table 1.
shall be continuously scanned (100 %) with not less than 10 %
7.2 Standards shall be obtained from a rolled structural
overlap between each scan path for 9 in. [230 mm] adjacent to
shape or plate having surface conditions and acoustic proper-
the scan line in both directions.
ties similar to that of the product being inspected.
8.4.3 All indications shall be evaluated on the flat-bottomed
hole reference level criteria, and not by loss of back reflection.
8. Test Method
8.5 Asuitable couplant such as water, water soluble oil, oil,
8.1 Ultrasonic examination shall be made on the major
or glycerin, shall be used when the contact method is utilized.
surface of each flange and one major web surface. Evaluation
of indications may require inspection from an opposite surface. 9. Acceptance Standa
...

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4.2 The acceptance criteria shall be clearly stated as order requirements.
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1.1 This practice for ultrasonic examination covers turbine and generator steel rotor forgings covered by Specifications A469/A469M, A470/A470M, A768/A768M, and A940/A940M. This practice shall be used for contact testing only.  
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FIG. 1 Bored Forgings
Note 1: Sensitivity multiplication factor such that a 10 % indication at the forging bore surface will be equivalent to a 1/8 in. [3 mm] diameter flat bottom hole. Inspection frequency: 2.0 MHz or 2.25 MHz. Material velocity: 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s].
FIG. 2 Solid Forgings
Note 1: Sensitivity multiplication factor such that a 10 % indication at the forging centerline surface will be equivalent to a 1/8 in. [3 mm] diameter flat bottom hole. Inspection frequency: 2.0 MHz or 2.25 MHz. Material velocity: 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s].
FIG. 3 Conversion Factors to Be Used in Conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 if a Change in the Reference Reflector Diameter is Required
1.4 Considerable verification data for this method have been generated which indicate that even under controlled conditions very significant uncertainties may exist in estimating natural discontinuities in terms of minimum equivalent size flat-bottom holes. The possibility exists that the estimated minimum areas of natural discontinuities in terms of minimum areas of the comparison flat-bottom holes may differ by 20 dB (factor of 10) in terms of actual areas of natural discontinuities. This magnitude of inaccuracy does not apply to all results but should be recognized as a possibility. Rigid control of the actual frequency used, the coil bandpass width if tuned instruments are used, and so forth, tend to reduce the overall inaccuracy which is apt to develop.  
1.5 This practice for inspection applies to solid cylindrical forgings having outer diameters of not less than 2.5 in. [64 mm] nor greater than 100 in. [2540 mm]. It also applies to cylindrical forgings with concentric cylindrical bores having wall thicknesses of 2.5 [64 mm] in. or greater, within the same outer diameter limits as for solid cylinders. For solid sections less than 15 in. [380 mm] in diameter and for bored cylinders of less than 7.5 in. [190 mm] wall thickness the transducer used for the inspection will be different than the transducer used for larger sections.  
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ASTM A578/A578M-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applications

ABSTRACT
This procedure covers the standard and acceptance standards for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled carbon and alloy steel plates. The amplitude linearity of the apparatus to be used shall be checked by positioning the transducer over the depth resolution notch in the IIW or similar block. The inspection shall be performed in an area free of operations that interfere with proper performance of the test. The test shall be performed either by direct contact, immersion, or liquid column coupling. Grid scanning shall be conducted along a continuous perpendicular line on the center. All discontinuities causing complete loss of reflection shall be recorded.
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1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent standard is one which covers the qualification and certification of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which is acceptable to the purchaser.  
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ABSTRACT
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SCOPE
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ASTM A435/A435M-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard procedure and acceptance for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates. The equipment shall be of the pulse-echo straight beam type. Nondestructive examination of the material shall be conducted in an area free of operations that interfere with proper functioning of the equipment. The test shall be done by one of the following methods: direct contact, immersion, or liquid column coupling. Ultrasonic examination shall be made on either major surface of the plate. Grid scanning shall be continuous along perpendicular grid lines or shall be continuous along parallel paths, transverse to the major plate axis, or shall be continuous along parallel paths, parallel to the major plate axis, or smaller centers. Any discontinuity indication causing a total loss of back reflection which cannot be contained within a circle is unacceptable.
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1.1 This specification2 covers the procedure and acceptance standards for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates, 1/2 in. [12.5 mm] and over in thickness. It was developed to assure delivery of steel plates free of gross internal discontinuities such as pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the plates are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination.  
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This test method covers the procedures for the standard practice of performing magnetic particle examination on steel forgings. The inspection medium shall consist of finely divided ferromagnetic particles, whose size, shape and magnetic properties, both individually and collectively, shall be taken into account. Forgings may be magnetized in the longitudinal or circular direction by employing the surge or continuous current flow methods. Magnetization may be applied by passing current through the piece or by inducing a magnetic field by means of a central conductor, such as a prod or yoke, or by coils. While the material is properly magnetized, the magnetic particles may be applied by either the dry method, wet method, or fluorescent method. The parts shall also be sufficiently demagnetized after inspection so that residual or leakage fields will not interfere with future operations to which the steel forgings shall be used for. Indications to be evaluated are grouped into three broad classes, namely: surface defects, which include laminar defects, forging laps and folds, flakes (thermal ruptures caused by entrapped hydrogen), heat-treating cracks, shrinkage cracks, grinding cracks, and etching or plating cracks; subsurface defects, which include stringers of nonmetallic inclusions, large nonmetallics, cracks in underbeads of welds, and forging bursts; and nonrelevant or false indications, which include magnetic writing, changes in section, edge of weld, and flow lines.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For ferromagnetic materials, magnetic particle examination is widely specified for the detection of surface and near surface discontinuities such as cracks, laps, seams, and linearly oriented nonmetallic inclusions. Such examinations are included as mandatory requirements in some forging standards such as Specification A508/A508M.  
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1.1 This practice2 covers a procedure for magnetic particle examination of steel forgings. The procedure will produce consistent results upon which acceptance standards can be based. This practice does not contain acceptance standards or recommended quality levels.  
1.2 Only direct current or rectified alternating (full or half wave) current shall be used as the electric power source for any of the magnetizing methods. Alternating current is not permitted because its capability to detect subsurface discontinuities is very limited and therefore unsuitable.  
1.2.1 Portable battery powered electromagnetic yokes are outside the scope of this practice.
Note 1: Guide E709 may be utilized for magnetic particle examination in the field for machinery components originally manufactured from steel forgings.  
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1.4 This practice and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
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This practice covers the examination procedures for the contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgings by the straight and angle-beam techniques. An ultrasonic, pulsed, reflection type of instrument shall be used and shall provide linear presentation for at least 75% of the screen height. The 5% linearity referred to is descriptive of the screen presentation of amplitude. The electronic apparatus shall contain an attenuator, search units, transducers, couplants, reference blocks, and DGS scales. The forging shall be machined to provide cylindrical surfaces for radial examination in the case of round forgings. The ends of the forgings shall be machined perpendicular to the axis of the forging for the axial examination. Faces of disk and rectangular forgings shall be machined flat and parallel to one another. The procedures to be performed are as follows: ultrasonic examination of the forgings; straight-beam examination with establishment of the instrument sensitivity and calibration either by the reflection, reference-block technique, or DGS method; and angle-beam examination used for rings and hollow forgings.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes where the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities, or a combination thereof, which give rise to ultrasonic indications.  
4.2 The ultrasonic quality level shall be clearly stated as order requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers the examination procedures for the contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of steel forgings by the straight and angle-beam techniques. The straight beam techniques include utilization of the DGS (Distance Gain-Size) method. See Appendix X3.  
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1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
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1.5 This practice and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
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ASTM A609/A609M-12(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination Thereof

ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the procedures for the standard practice of performing pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of heat-treated carbon, low-alloy, and martensitic stainless steel castings by the longitudinal-beam technique. Calibration shall be executed by either flat-bottomed hole or back-wall reflection. The instrument to be used for examination shall be the ultrasonic, pulsed, reflection type. Personnel and equipment qualifications, materials preparation, casting and test conditions, data recording methods, and the acceptance standards for both types of testing procedure are all detailed thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers the standards and procedures for the pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of heat-treated carbon, low-alloy, and martensitic stainless steel castings.  
1.2 This practice is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that castings are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination in accordance with Practice A609/A609M.  
1.3 This practice contains two procedures. Procedure A is the original A609/A609M practice and requires calibration using a series of test blocks containing flat-bottomed holes. It also provides supplementary requirements for angle beam testing. Procedure B requires calibration using a back wall reflection from a series of solid calibration blocks.  
Note 1: Ultrasonic examination and radiography are not directly comparable. This examination technique is intended to complement Guide E94/E94M in the detection of discontinuities.  
1.4 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.5.2 This practice is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A997/A997M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Investment Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual Examination

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the acceptance criteria for surface inspection of investment castings through visual examination. The material shall conform to Levels II, III, and IV acceptance criteria for features of surface pits, positive metal, parting line and ejector pin marks, gate height, and surface roughness. The material shall be free of any linear discontinuity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the acceptance criteria for surface inspection of investment castings by visual examination.  
1.2 This practice is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the procedures and acceptance standards for straight beam, pulse echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled structural shapes. The section surfaces shall be sufficiently clean and smooth to maintain a back reflection from the opposite side of the flanges, legs and webs. Ultrasonic testing shall be made on the major surface of each flange and one major web surface. Evaluation of indications may require inspection from an opposite surface. Two levels of acceptance standards are included. Level II is intended for normal applications where freedom from gross internal discontinuities is desired, particularly in connection regions. Level I is intended for critical applications such as welded chord members used in tension loading.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the procedure and acceptance standards for straight beam, pulse echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled structural shapes having a minimum section thickness of 1/2 in. [12.5 mm]. It was developed to ensure delivery of steel structural shapes free of gross internal discontinuities such as pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the shapes are to be ultrasonically examined. Two levels of acceptance standards are included. Level II is intended for normal applications where freedom from gross internal discontinuities is desired, particularly in connection regions. Level I is intended for critical applications such as welded chord members used in tension loading, where internal discontinuities could be detrimental. Level II is normally applicable unless otherwise specified in contract documents or the purchase order. Supplementary requirements for alternative scanning coverages are provided.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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ASTM
ASTM A745/A745M-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings

ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the procedures for the standard practice of performing contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings by the straight and angle beam techniques. This practice does not cover the ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings. The instrument used for this test method shall be the electronic pulsed reflection type. Prior to examination, specimens shall be heat treated and machined to a rectangular, parallel, or concentric surface configuration, and its surface shall be free of extraneous material such as loose scale, paint, and dirt. Calibration of the apparatus shall be done by either the single-block method or distance-amplitude curve method. Choice of method to be employed shall be determined by the test metal distance involved. Quality levels for acceptance, established by the type and amount of indication present, are detailed thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers straight and angle beam contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings produced in accordance with Practice A388/A388M and Specifications A965/A965M and A1049/A1049M.  
1.2 Ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings should be made to Practice A531/A531M rather than this practice.  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the practice, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off