ASTM B47-95a(2007)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:B47 −95a(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Specification for
Copper Trolley Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B47; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 The material shall be copper of such quality and purity
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversroundandgroovedhard-drawn
that the finished product shall have the properties and charac-
copper and silver-bearing copper trolley wire.
teristics prescribed in this specification.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
NOTE 1—Specification B49 defines the materials suitable for use.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
4.2 Copper redraw rod of special qualities, forms, or types,
as may be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
2. Referenced Documents
purchaser,andthatwillconformtotherequirementsprescribed
in this specification may also be used.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B49 Specification for Copper Rod Drawing Stock for Elec- 4.3 Either oxygen-free or tough pitch copper may be sup-
trical Purposes plied. Tests for oxygen content of the copper are not a
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor requirement of this specification.
Materials
ROUND WIRE
3. Ordering Information
5. Tensile Properties
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
5.1 Round wire shall conform to the requirements as to
the following information:
tensile properties specified in Table 1.
3.1.1 Quantity of each size and section,
5.2 Tests on a specimen of round wire containing a joint
3.1.2 Wire size: diameter in inches (see 6.1 and Table 1)or
shall show at least 95 % of the tensile strength specified in
area in circular mils (see 10.1 and Fig. 1),
Table 1. Elongation tests shall not be made on specimens
3.1.3 Shape of section (Section 1),
containing joints.
3.1.4 Type of copper, if the addition of silver of 25 troy
5.3 Tension tests shall be made on representative samples.
oz./short ton minimum, is required (see Section 4 and Explana-
The elongation shall be determined as the permanent increase
tory Note 1),
in length, due to the breaking of the wire in tension, measured
3.1.5 Package size (see 18.3),
between gage marks placed originally 10 in. apart upon the test
3.1.6 Lagging, if required (see 18.1),
specimen (Explanatory Note 2). The fracture shall be between
3.1.7 Relation between vertical axis of grooved wire and
the gage marks and not closer than 1 in. to either gage mark.
axis of reel (see 18.1),
6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
3.1.8 Size of arbor hole, if special (see 18.2),
3.1.9 Special package marking, if required (see 18.4), and
6.1 The size of round trolley wire shall be expressed as the
3.1.10 Place of inspection (Section 16).
diameter of the wire in decimal fractions of an inch, to the
nearest 0.1 mil (0.0001 in.).
6.2 Wire shall be truly cylindrical in form. The diameter
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 on shall not vary more than plus and minus 1 % from that
Electrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of B01.04 on Conductors of
specified.
Copper and Copper Alloys.
Current edition approved March 15, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
7. Twist Test
approved in 1923 to replace portions of B1. Last previous edition approved in 2001
as B47 – 95a(2007). DOI: 10.1520/B0047-95AR07.
7.1 For the purpose of determining and developing defects
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
whichmaybeprejudicialtothelifeoftrolleywire,owingtoits
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
peculiar service as compared to that of wire for other purposes,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. round wire shall be subjected to the twist test described in 7.2.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B47−95a (2007)
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements (See Explanatory Note 2)
from each reel. Samples shall be clean and ends free from
Tensile Strength, min. psi burrs. The groove shall be considered as conforming to these
Elongation
Diameter, Area,
25 troy oz. specifications if the “go” gage can be pushed on the straight-
in 10 in.,
No silver
in. cmils
min./short
min, % ened wire by hand and the “no-go” gage cannot be pushed on
added
ton added
the wire.
0.5477 300 000 46 400 48 500 4.50
0.4600 211 600 49 000 51 500 3.75
11. Twist Test
0.4096 167 800 51 000 53 000 3.25
0.3648 133 100 52 800 54 000 2.80
11.1 The twist test shall be omitted.
0.3249 105 600 54 500 55 000 2.40
ROUND AND GROOVED WIRE
12. Resistivity
Round wire that does not withstand at least 9 twists without
12.1 Electrical resistivity shall be determined on represen-
breaking shall not be considered satisfactory.
tative samples by resistance measurements (Explanatory Note
7.2 Three twist tests shall be made on specimens 10 in. (254
4). At a temperature of 20°C the resistivity shall not exceed
mm) in length between the holders of the testing machine. The
900.77Ω· lb/mile .
twisting machine shall be so constructed that there is a linear
12.2 Electrical resistivity shall be determined in accordance
motionofthetailstockwithrespecttothehead.Thetwistshall
with Test Method B193.
be applied not faster than 10 turns/min. All three specimens
shall be twisted to destruction and shall not reveal under test
13. Density
any seams, pits, slivers, or surface imperfections of sufficient
magnitude to indicate inherent defects or imperfections in the 13.1 For the purpose of calculating weights, cross sections,
wire. At the time of fracture, the wire shall twist with etc., the density of the copper shall be taken as 8.89 g/cm
reasonable uniformity. (0.32117 lb/in. ) at 20°C (Explanatory Note 5).
GROOVED WIRE
14. Joints
14.1 Nojointsshallbemadeinthecompletedwire.Jointsin
8. Tensile Properties
the wire and rods made prior to final drawings shall be in
8.1 Grooved wire shall conform to the requirements as to
accordance with the best commercial practice, and shall be
tensile properties specified in Table 2.
capable of meeting the tensile strength requirements in 5.2 or
8.2.
8.2 Tests on a specimen of grooved wire containing a joint
shall show at least 95 % of the tensile strength specified in
15. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
Table 2. Elongation tests shall not be made on specimens
containing joints. 15.1 The wire shall be of uniform size, shape, and quality
throughout, and shall be free from all scale, flaws, splits and
8.3 The tension and elongation tests for grooved wire shall
scratches not consistent with the best commercial practice.
be made in the same manner as those on round wire as
described in 5.3.
16. Inspection
16.1 All tests governing the acceptance or rejection of the
9. Sections
wire, unless otherwise specified, shall be made at the place of
9.1 Standard sections of grooved trolley wire shall be those
manufacture with apparatus furnished by the manufacturer and
known as the “American Standard Grooved Trolley Wire
inthepresenceofthepurchaserorhisrepresentative,whoshall
Sections” (the Standard Design of the American Transit Engi-
be furnished a copy of the tests. The manufacturer shall afford
neering Association) shown in Fig. 1.
the inspector representing the purchaser all reasonable facili-
ties, without charge, to satisfy him as to the reliability of the
10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
results before the wire is delivered. If the purchaser waives
10.1 The size of grooved trolley wire shall be expressed as
inspection, and if he so elects at that time, he shall be furnished
the nominal area of cross section in circular mils, the standard
with a certified copy of tests made by the manufacturer.
sizes being as specified in Fig. 1.
17. Rejection
10.2 The weight in pounds per mile of grooved trolley wire
calculated from the weight of a specimen not less than 18 in. in
17.1 Any reel of wire that fails to conform to the require-
length shall not vary more than plus and minus 4 % from that
ments prescribed in this specification may be rejected. Failure
specified in Fig. 1.
of 30 % of the number of reels ready for inspection at one time
shall be deemed sufficient cause for the rejection of the whole
10.3 Conformance of the trolley wire to the specified
lot.
dimensions shall be determined by taking the measurements
showninFig.1undertheheading,“DimensionsforInspection,
18. Packaging and Packa
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