ASTM E1419-09
(Test Method)Standard Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
Standard Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Because of safety considerations, regulatory agencies (for example, U.S. Department of Transportation) require periodic examinations of vessels used in transportation of industrial gases (see Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations). The AE examination has become accepted as an alternative to the common hydrostatic proof test. In the common hydrostatic test, volumetric expansion of vessels is measured.
An AE examination should not be used for a period of one year after a common hydrostatic test. See Note 2.
Note 2—The Kaiser effect relates to decreased emission that is expected during a second pressurization. Common hydrostatic tests use a relatively high pressure (167 % of normal service pressure). (See Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations.) If an AE examination is performed too soon after such a pressurization, the AE results will be insensitive to a lower examination pressure (that is, the lower pressure that is associated with an AE examination).
Pressurization:
General practice in the gas industry is to use low pressurization rates. This practice promotes safety and reduces equipment investment. The AE examinations should be performed with pressurization rates that allow vessel deformation to be in equilibrium with the applied load. Typical current practice is to use rates that approximate 500 psi/h (3.45 MPa/h).
Gas compressors heat the pressurizing medium. After pressurization, vessel pressure may decay as gas temperature equilibrates with ambient conditions.
Emission from flaws is caused by flaw growth and secondary sources (for example, crack surface contact and contained mill scale). Secondary sources can produce emission throughout vessel pressurization.
When pressure within a vessel is low, and gas is the pressurizing medium, flow velocities are relatively high. Flowing gas (turbulence) and impact by entrained particles can produce measurable emission. Considering this, acquisition of AE data may commence at some pressure greater than...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of seamless pressure vessels (tubes) of the type used for distribution or storage of industrial gases.
1.2 This practice requires pressurization to a level greater than normal use. Pressurization medium may be gas or liquid.
1.3 This practice does not apply to vessels in cryogenic service.
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect and locate emission sources. Other nondestructive test (NDT) methods must be used to evaluate the significance of AE sources. Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this practice. See Note 1.
Note 1—Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic examination is commonly used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that produce AE. Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD), ultrasonic examination is also commonly used for flaw sizing.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
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Designation: E1419 − 09
StandardPractice for
Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Pressure Vessels
1
Using Acoustic Emission
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E650Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
Sensors
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission
E976GuideforDeterminingtheReproducibilityofAcoustic
(AE) examinations of seamless pressure vessels (tubes) of the
Emission Sensor Response
type used for distribution or storage of industrial gases.
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.2 This practice requires pressurization to a level greater
E2223Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled,
than normal use. Pressurization medium may be gas or liquid.
Steel Pressure Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics
E2075Practice for Verifying the Consistency of AE-Sensor
1.3 This practice does not apply to vessels in cryogenic
service. Response Using an Acrylic Rod
E2374Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect and locate
Verification
emission sources. Other nondestructive test (NDT) methods
3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
must be used to evaluate the significance of AE sources.
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Nondestructive
Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
this practice. See Note 1.
ANSI/ASNT CP-189Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
NOTE 1—Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic examination is commonly
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
produceAE.TimeofFlightDiffraction(TOFD),ultrasonicexaminationis
Section 49,Code of Federal Regulations, Hazardous Mate-
also commonly used for flaw sizing.
rials Regulations of the Department of Transportation,
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
4
Paragraphs 173.34, 173.301, 178.36, 178.37, and 178.45
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
2.5 Compressed Gas Association Standard:
information only.
Pamphlet C-5Service Life, Seamless High Pressure Cylin-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5
ders
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.4 AIA Document:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NAS-410Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 6
Testing Personnel
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—SeeTerminology E1316 for general termi-
2. Referenced Documents
nology applicable to this practice.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
3.2.1 fracture critical flaw—a flaw that is large enough to
Testing
exhibit unstable growth at service conditions.
1 3
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Acoustic Emission Method. AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1419–02b. DOI: www.access.gpo.gov.
5
10.1520/E1419-09. Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5th
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http://www.cganet.com.
6
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1419 − 09
3.2.2 marked service pressure—pressure for which a vessel 5.3.4 When pressure within a vessel is low, and gas is the
is rated. Normally this value is stamped on the vessel. pressurizingmedium,flowvelocitiesarerelatively
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1419–02b
Standard Test Method for Designation: E 1419 – 09
Standard Practice for
Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Pressure Vessels
1
Using Acoustic Emission
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of seamless pressure vessels (tubes)
of the type used for distribution or storage of industrial gases.
1.2 This test method practice requires pressurization to a level greater than normal use. Pressurization medium may be gas or
liquid.
1.3 This test method practice does not apply to vessels in cryogenic service.
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect and locate emission sources. Other nondestructive test (NDT) methods must be
used to evaluate the significance of AE sources. Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this test
method.practice. See Note 1.
NOTE1—Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic examination is commonly used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that produce
AE. 1—Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic examination is commonly used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that produce
AE. Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD), ultrasonic examination is also commonly used for flaw sizing.
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformation
only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 PracticeSpecification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
2
E2223 Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-filled, Steel Pressure Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics Practice for
Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Steel Pressure Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics
E2075 Practice for Verifying the Consistency of AE-Sensor Response Using an Acrylic Rod
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification
3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on
Acoustic Emission Method.
Current edition approved December 10, 2002.Feb. 1, 2009. Published February 2003.2009. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as
E1419–02ab.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 03.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1419–09
Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of Transportation, Paragraphs
4
173.34, 173.301, 178.36, 178.37, and 178.45
2.5 Compressed Gas Association Standard:
5
Pamphlet C-5 Service Life, Seamless High Pressure Cylinders
2.4 AIA Document:
6
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E1316 for general terminology applicable to this test method. practice.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Speci
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E 1419–02b
Standard Test Method for Designation: E1419 – 09
Standard Practice for
Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Pressure Vessels
1
Using Acoustic Emission
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of seamless pressure vessels (tubes)
of the type used for distribution or storage of industrial gases.
1.2 This test method practice requires pressurization to a level greater than normal use. Pressurization medium may be gas or
liquid.
1.3 This test method practice does not apply to vessels in cryogenic service.
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect and locate emission sources. Other nondestructive test (NDT) methods must be
used to evaluate the significance of AE sources. Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this test
method.practice. See Note 1.
NOTE1—Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic examination is commonly used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that produce
AE. 1—Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic examination is commonly used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that produce
AE. Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD), ultrasonic examination is also commonly used for flaw sizing.
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformation
only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 PracticeSpecification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
2
E2223 Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-filled, Steel Pressure Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics Practice for
Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Steel Pressure Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics
E2075 Practice for Verifying the Consistency of AE-Sensor Response Using an Acrylic Rod
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification
3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on
Acoustic Emission Method.
Current edition approved December 10, 2002.Feb. 1, 2009. Published February 2003.2009. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E
1419–02a.E1419–02b. DOI: 10.1520/E1419-09.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 03.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1419 – 09
Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of Transportation, Paragraphs
4
173.34, 173.301, 178.36, 178.37, and 178.45
2.5 Compressed Gas Association Standard:
5
Pamphlet C-5 Service Life, Seamless High Pressure Cylinders
2.4 AIA Document:
6
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E 1316E 1316 for general terminology applicable to this test metho
...
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